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Wage function estimation of Estonia and Latvia
Gašper Kolar, Nejc Fir, 2024, original scientific article

Abstract: The study of wage determinants goes back to the beginning of economic science, with theoretical and empirical foundations providing the basis for the specification of a model of the wage function. Using the OLS method, we study the determinants of real wages for Estonia between 2006Q3 and 2022Q3 and Latvia between 2004Q1 and 2022Q3. The lagged dependent variable exerts the most considerable impact on real wages, i.e., real wages in the preceding quarter. We find that unemployment has a relatively larger impact on real wage dynamics than real productivity in the Latvian than in Estonian model. In the Estonian model, real productivity has a relatively stronger impact than unemployment in explaining real wages. In both countries, changes in real productivity impact real wages with a one-quarter lag. The findings on the relative influence of real wage determinants guide economic policymakers in targeting measures that could increase real wages in both countries.
Keywords: wage function, OLS, Estonia, Latvia
Published in DKUM: 28.05.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 9
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Local governments as providers of public order : the case of Estonia
Ero Liivik, 2017, review article

Abstract: Purpose: This paper deals with the legal regulation of Estonia’s public order from the aspect of local governments. The purpose of the article is to analyse relevant Estonian legislation to help identify problems and make suggestions for improvement. Proposals are intended for the institutions involved in developing legislation in Estonia. Local governments in the country act according to the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia (1992), but still retain enough legal autonomy to decide on local affairs independently of the state government. Methods: The paper is based on an analysis of national legislation. In the legal research, the author pays attention to written sources of law, e.g. the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia (1992), and subsequent legal acts regulating public order. Findings: The main task of local government is to provide public services and improve the quality of the living environment. In Estonia, the principal provider of internal security is the Police and Border Guard Board. It is the responsibility of local government to assist the national structures in fulfilling their duties. On the other hand, the municipalities are required to ensure public order within their territories. The legal power given by parliament to local governments to carry out such activities is insufficient to ensure the law is enforced. Practical Implications: The findings in this paper highlight areas in which the legal regulation could be improved. Originality/Value: Although the legal basis for Estonian municipalities’ operations has been studied carefully, it is necessary to examine issues concerning the links between local governments and public order in detail. The continually changing legislation makes the situation complex to handle. It also provides an opportunity for international comparative analysis with other European Union member states.
Keywords: local government, internal security, public order, policing, Estonia
Published in DKUM: 15.04.2020; Views: 1135; Downloads: 52
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