1. Podjetništvo ob preboju digitalizacije in umetne inteligence : GEM Slovenija 2024Karin Širec, Katja Crnogaj, Barbara Bradač Hojnik, Polona Tominc, Matej Rus, 2025 Opis: Raziskava GEM ponuja poglobljeno analizo različnih družbenih, kulturnih, političnih in ekonomskih dejavnikov, ki vplivajo na podjetniško okolje in podjetniško aktivnost, ter predstavlja celovit okvir za razumevanje nacionalnih podjetniških razmer. Ti dejavniki imajo ključno vlogo pri oblikovanju podjetniških ambicij posameznikov in uspešnosti ustanavljanja ter delovanja podjetij. Raziskava s tem zagotavlja neprimerljiv vpogled v nacionalno podjetništvo in njegove značilnosti ter presega informacije, ki so na voljo v drugih statističnih virih. Raziskava namreč vključuje tudi odnos posameznikov in družbe do podjetništva ter želje in usposobljenost ljudi za podjetništvo, v vseh fazah podjetniškega procesa. S proučevanjem teh vidikov v različnih državah, GEM ugotavlja ključna gonila in ovire za podjetništvo, kar omogoča razvoj uspešnega podpornega ekosistema. Tokratna izdaja se med drugim osredotoča na digitalizacijo in umetno inteligenco ter njun vpliv na podjetništvo. Poudarek je na izzivih in priložnostih, ki jih prinašata digitalizacija in UI, ter na tem, kako lahko podjetja te trende izkoristijo za rast in razvoj.
Ključne besede: Globalni podjetniški monitor, podjetništvo, celotna zgodnja podjetniška aktivnost, gospodarski razvoj, podjetniški ekosistem, podjetniška politika, trajnostno poslovanje, digitalizacija, umetna inteligenca
Objavljeno v DKUM: 07.05.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 5
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2. Entrepreneurship at the Advancement of Digitalization and Artificial Intelligence : GEM Slovenia 2024, Executive SummaryKarin Širec, Katja Crnogaj, Barbara Bradač Hojnik, Matej Rus, Polona Tominc, 2025, izvleček Ključne besede: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, entrepreneurship, early-stage entrepreneurial activity, economic development, entrepreneurship ecosystem, entrepreneurship policy, sustainable business, digitalization, artificial intelligence
Objavljeno v DKUM: 07.05.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 0
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3. Statistically significant differences in AI support levels for project management between SMEs and large enterprisesPolona Tominc, Dijana Oreški, Vesna Čančer, Maja Rožman, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background: This article delves into an in-depth analysis of the statistically significant differences in AI support levels for project management between SMEs and large enterprises. The research was conducted based on a comprehensive survey encompassing a sample of 473 SMEs and large Slovenian enterprises.
Methods: To validate the observed differences, statistical analysis, specifically the Mann–Whitney U test, was employed.
Results: The results confirm the presence of statistically significant differences between SMEs and large enterprises across multiple dimensions of AI support in project management. Large enterprises exhibit on average a higher level of AI adoption across all five AI utilization dimensions. Specifically, large enterprises scored significantly higher (p < 0.05) in AI adopting strategies and in adopting AI technologies for project tasks and team creation. This study’s findings also underscored the significant differences (p < 0.05) between SMEs and large enterprises in their adoption and utilization of AI technologies for project management purposes. While large enterprises scored above 4 for several dimensions, with the highest average score assessed (mean value 4.46 on 1 to 5 scale) for the usage of predictive Analytics Tools to improve the work on the project, SMEs’ average levels, on the other hand, were all below 4. SMEs in particular may lag in incorporating AI into various project activities due to several factors such as resource constraints, limited access to AI expertise, or risk aversion.
Conclusions: The results underscore the need for targeted strategies to enhance AI adoption in SMEs and leverage its benefits for successful project implementation and strengthen the company’s competitiveness.
Ključne besede: enterprises, project management, leadership, artificial intelligence
Objavljeno v DKUM: 04.04.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 5
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4. A comparative study using two SEM techniques on different samples sizes for determining factors of older employeeʹs motivation and satisfactionMaja Rožman, Polona Tominc, Borut Milfelner, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The purpose of this article is to present the relationships among older employee stress, motivation, satisfaction, and relationships in the workplace using two different approaches and different sample sizes. Research was implemented on an initial sample of 1013 older employees. In the next step, six smaller samples were calculated using the random selection of cases, namely samples with 25, 50, 100, 250, 400, and 500 older employees. This way the possible impact of sample size on relationships between latent variables using the covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) and the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) methods was assessed. The results on the larger samples have proved to be quite robust since they were confirmed with both approaches. They indicate that stress has a strong and negative impact on employee relationships and also a negative impact on employee satisfaction. Furthermore, employee relationships have a strong and positive impact on satisfaction and a positive impact on employee motivation. In addition, satisfaction has a strong and positive impact on employee motivation. The present paper helps readers to better understand the difference between the CB-SEM and the PLS-SEM methods. Researchers should be encouraged to use both techniques, even though CB-SEM methods have had a long tradition in management and marketing research since both fields heavily rely on psychometric measurement. From the organizational point of view, conclusions highlight the importance of the impact the variables of older employee stress, motivation, satisfaction and employee relations have on each other in the workplace.
Ključne besede: stress, employee motivation, employee satisfaction, employee relations
Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.03.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 7
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5. Spatial exploration of economic data-insight into attitudes of students towards interdisciplinary knowledgeSimona Sternad Zabukovšek, Polona Tominc, Samo Bobek, Tjaša Štrukelj, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: This paper uses the technology acceptance model (TAM) framework for the research of economic and geography students’ attitudes towards interdisciplinary knowledge. Based on the SmartPLS Structural equation modelling SEM variance-based method, research results were gained through analysis of survey data of economic and geography students. They participated in the Spationomy project in the period of 2017–2019. Online questionnaires were fulfilled before and after students’ participation in the project and their future behavioural intention to use interdisciplinary knowledge was analysed. Based on the research, we can confirm that the Spationomy project has achieved its purpose, as both groups of students (economic and geography students) have acquired interdisciplinary knowledge and students intend to use it also in the future. Therefore, we can argue that the students included in the project in practice gained recognition of systems thinking about the importance of mutual interdisciplinary cooperation towards achieving synergies. The results also show that TAM can be successfully implemented to analyse how students of economics and geography accept the use of interdisciplinary knowledge in the learning process, which is an important implication for management and education as well as from the theoretical implications viewpoint. While effective analysis using TAM has been used successfully and relatively frequently in economics and business field, we have not found relevant examples of its implementation in the broader field of geography. However, the acceptance of geographic information system (GIS) or other information technologies/information software (IT/IS) tool-based approaches of analysis in the geography field may be of most importance. Therefore, also, this represents an important implication for the research area.
Ključne besede: spatial exploration, economic data, economic students, geography students, TAM, PLS SEM, interdisciplinary knowledge, holism, interdependence, strategic management
Objavljeno v DKUM: 07.01.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 9
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6. The physical, emotional and behavioral symptoms of health problems among employees before and during the COVID-19 epidemicMaja Rožman, Polona Tominc, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has caused stress for everyone and impacted the lives of people globally. Such stress increases troubles for the employees. Therefore, the aim of the paper isto identify symptoms of health problems that employees face during the COVID-19 epidemic. Also, the aim ofthe paper is to examine if there are statistically significant differences in the physical, emotional and behavioral symptoms of health problems among employees before the COVID-19 epidemic and employees during theCOVID-19 epidemic.
Design/methodology/approach: The research is based on a survey of 950 employees in Slovenian companies. The factor analysis and thet-test for two independent samples were used to test the hypotheses ofthe research.
Findings: The results show that physical, emotional and behavioral symptoms of health problems ofemployees during the COVID-19 epidemic are intensified as compared to the before COVID-19 epidemic era.
Originality/value: The results highlight the measures with which companies can reduce the problem of different symptoms of employees during the COVID-19 epidemic. The results can be useful for employers and for managers who want to create an adequate working environment for employees during the COVID-19epidemic.
Ključne besede: physical symptoms, emotional symptoms, behavioral symptoms, COVID-19 epidemic
Objavljeno v DKUM: 09.12.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 18
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7. Statistika z raziskovalnimi metodamiMaja Rožman, Polona Tominc, 2024 Opis: V današnjem hitro spreminjajočem se poslovnem okolju je ključnega pomena sposobnost razumevanja in uporabe statistike za sprejemanje utemeljenih poslovnih odločitev. Napredovanje tehnologije in povečevanje obsega podatkovnih baz omogoča podrobno analizo in interpretacijo podatkov, ki so temelj za prepoznavanje ključnih prihodnjih trendov in oblikovanje strategij na tej osnovi. V pričujoči zbirki obravnavamo statistična metodološka orodja, ki pomagajo pri razumevanju vpliva različnih dejavnikov na posamezne ekonomske in poslovne kategorije in odločitve, analiziramo sezonske komponente v časovnih vrstah ter opredeljujemo napovedovanje vrednosti v prihodnjih časovnih enotah, analiziramo večdimenzionalne spremenljivke in pristopamo k statističnim konceptom preverjanja domnev o različnih lastnostih statistične množice na osnovi slučajnega vzorca. Z razumevanjem teh procesov lahko posamezniki oblikujejo učinkovite strategije, ki temeljijo na dejstvih in podatkih, ter se pripravijo na prihodnje izzive in izkoristijo dinamiko tržnih sprememb.
Ključne besede: statistične metode, deskriptivna statistika, inferenčna statistika, univariatna statistika, multivariatna statistika
Objavljeno v DKUM: 22.11.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 49
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8. Gender differences in work satisfaction, work engagement and work efficiency of employees during the COVID-19 pandemic : the case in SloveniaMaja Rožman, Simona Sternad Zabukovšek, Samo Bobek, Polona Tominc, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The COVID-19 pandemic and the resultant lockdown has caused massive economic disruption, leading businesses to make a rapid transition and take a new approach to business strategy. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to examine if there are statistically significant gender differences in work satisfaction, work engagement, and work efficiency among employees who work from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, the paper aims to identify the importance of individual dimensions of work satisfaction, work engagement, and work efficiency, and gender differences perspective. The research is based on a survey of 785 employees in Slovenian companies. The factor analysis and the t-test for two independent samples were used to test the research hypotheses. Findings: The results show significant gender differences in work satisfaction, work engagement, and work efficiency among employees who work from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper provides change management insights and recommendations to assist companies in minimizing the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their employees.
Ključne besede: work satisfaction, work engagement, work efficiency, employees, COVID-19
Objavljeno v DKUM: 14.10.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 12
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9. The human capital of the freelancers and their satisfaction with the quality of lifeIvona Huđek, Polona Tominc, Karin Širec, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Digital technologies are underpinning a wide range of products, services, processes, and business model innovations that are significantly transforming industries, organizations, and society. They are increasingly permeating every aspect of our daily lives. In this paper, we looked at the challenges of digitalization, leading to a new way of working in the market and new business models, such as the gig economy. Individuals are becoming more mobile and self-directed in their careers, as opposed to traditional careers. We investigated the demographic characteristics of the new, growing group of self-employed, so-called freelancers, at the national level in Slovenia and investigated the relationships between human capital and their subjective (job and career satisfaction, life satisfaction) and objective success (income satisfaction). The survey was conducted among 200 freelancers (respondents). The empirical results show that most Slovenian freelancers working from home work in professional, scientific, and technical occupations; are between 35 and 44 years old; have completed the second level of tertiary education; work more than 40 hours per week; and have 16 years or more of work experience. To explore the quality of life of freelancers, empirical analysis showed that human capital factors are important for the success of a new career as a freelancer. The results show that freelancers’ human capital factors (education and experience, skills, and training) positively influence subjective and objective success. Using structural equation modeling, we also confirmed that human capital has a greater impact on freelancers’ subjective success (life satisfaction, career satisfaction) than on objective success (income satisfaction), suggesting that job and life satisfaction should be considered an important resource that freelancers rely on to determine their quality of life.
Ključne besede: digitalization, work engagement, freelancers' human capital, quality of life, subjective success, objective success
Objavljeno v DKUM: 19.08.2024; Ogledov: 137; Prenosov: 14
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10. The impact of social and cultural norms, government programs and digitalization as entrepreneurial environment factors on job and career satisfaction of freelancersIvona Huđek, Polona Tominc, Karin Širec, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: At the end of the last century, digital technology emergence enabled millions of people to compete globally by remotely offering their knowledge and skills. In addition, business processes are becoming fragmented into smaller components, so-called short-term projects. These work arrangements are often carried out by so-called independent professionals (contractors), better known as freelancers. A literature review has shown that the research topic of freelancing from an entrepreneurial perspective is relatively new and has its assumptions and gaps. Different stakeholders and institutions connect, mediate and manage the services of the entrepreneurial ecosystem to support entrepreneurs. As freelancers belong to the self-employed entrepreneurial category, they are engaged in business activities and need support from their environment. To contribute to this topic, we have analyzed the relationships between freelancers’ job and career satisfaction, digitalization and entrepreneurial ecosystem factors, with the aim of making policy recommendations. Regarding the entrepreneurial environment, we analyzed the cultural and social norms and government programs that provide support, based on the measurement instrument, developed in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) research. We surveyed 200 freelancers (respondents) in Slovenia. Using factor analysis and structural equation modelling, the empirical results suggest that digitalization and cultural and social norms are significant factors that promote the success of new careers as freelancers in terms of job and career satisfaction. The results show that both positively influence job and career satisfaction, while government programs indirectly influence the job and career satisfaction of freelancers. This explains how the entrepreneurial ecosystem, plays a special role in supporting freelancers on their career path.
Ključne besede: digitalization, freelancers, government programs, cultural and social norms, job and career satisfaction
Objavljeno v DKUM: 19.08.2024; Ogledov: 118; Prenosov: 11
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