1. Mikroplastika v živilih : magistrsko deloTaja Falnoga, 2025, master's thesis Abstract: Namen magistrskega dela je bil s sistematičnim pregledom literature analizirati vsebnost mikroplastike v različnih skupinah živil in oceniti prehransko izpostavljenost človeka. Najvišje vsebnosti mikroplastike so bile zaznane v sušenih ribah (44,54 ± 9,70 delca/g), morskih algah (15,15 ± 16,42 delca/g) in kozicah (11,22 ± 8,72 delca/g). Med rastlinskimi živili je izstopal sladkor s povprečno vrednostjo 291 delcev/100 g. Analiza prehranske izpostavljenosti je pokazala veliko variabilnost ocen letnega vnosa mikroplastike, ki se giblje od nekaj sto do več deset tisoč delcev na leto na osebo, odvisno od vrste živila, količine zaužitja in geografske regije. Posebno skrb vzbujajo živila, ki jih uživamo v celoti (školjke, kozice), in živila, ki prihajajo v stik z embalažo (sol, sladkor, formule za dojenčke), saj predstavljajo pomemben vir mikroplastične kontaminacije. Zaradi metodološke neenotnosti med študijami, različnih merskih enot in pomanjkanja standardiziranih analiz je primerjava podatkov omejena, kar dodatno otežuje oceno tveganja za zdravje ljudi.
Keywords: mikroplastika, varnost živil, kontaminacija, izpostavljenost človeka.
Published in DKUM: 10.10.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 27
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2. Primerjava učinkovitosti antiseptične alkoholne raztopine s klorheksidinom in alkoholne raztopine s povidon-jodidom pri pripravi operativnega mestaDarko Kokot, 2025, master's thesis Abstract: Uvod: Učinkovita predoperativna antisepsa kože je ključna za preprečevanje okužb kirurškega mesta, ki so povezane z večjo obolevnostjo in stroški zdravljenja. Kljub pogosti uporabi antiseptikov na osnovi klorheksidina in povidon-jodida ni soglasja glede njihove primerjalne učinkovitosti. Namen zaključnega dela je preučiti in primerjati učinkovitost antiseptičnih alkoholnih raztopin, kot sta klorheksidin in povidon-jodid, pri preprečevanju okužb kirurških ran.
Metode: Izveden je bil pregled literature v podatkovnih bazah PubMed, CINAHL Ultimate in ScienceDirect. Vključitveni kriteriji so bili randomizirane kontrolirane raziskave ter sistematični pregledi v angleškem jeziku. Pregled literature je prikazan v PRISMA diagramu. Izvedena je bila kritična ocena analiziranih raziskav, rezultati so prikazani opisno v evalvacijski in sintezni tabeli.
Rezultati: V analizo je bilo vključenih osem raziskav. V večini je bila ugotovljena rahla prednost antiseptika s klorheksidinom pri zmanjševanju pogostosti okužb operativnega mesta. Učinkovitost antiseptika je bila odvisna tudi od vrste kirurškega posega, koncentracije pripravka in kliničnega okolja.
Razprava in zaključek: Zaradi heterogenosti rezultatov in odsotnosti enotnih primerjalnih pogojev ni mogoče oblikovati univerzalnega priporočila o izbiri antiseptika. Uporaba antiseptika mora biti prilagojena posameznemu kliničnemu primeru. Za oblikovanje trdnejših smernic so potrebne nadaljnje visokokakovostne raziskave.
Keywords: klorheksidin, povidon-jodid, okužbe kirurškega mesta, predoperativna priprava kože
Published in DKUM: 25.08.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 93
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3. Sustainability aspects of food and drinks offered in vending machines at Slovenian universitiesUrška Rozman, Mateja Lorber, Anja Bolha, Jasmina Bevc Bahar, Miha Lavrič, Sonja Šostar-Turk, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Introduction: Vending machines offer a convenient way for food distribution, particularly favored by employees, students, and individuals seeking a quick snack. Food vending machines typically offer unhealthy, calorie-dense, and nutrient-poor options, which contribute to the rise of non-communicable diseases. Creating a healthier food environment is crucial, particularly in universities where students are developing their eating habits and becoming more independent. Key considerations for vending machines include the quality, nutritional value, and price of the products with a recent and growing attention toward sustainability. Methods: The present study thoroughly examined 30 vending machines across 30 faculties in Slovenia. The analysis focused on assessing the variety and sustainability of the available products. The following was evaluated through three primary criteria, based on the information available on the product label: nutritional quality, environmental impact (palm oil content, packaging materials, and sustainability certificates), and socioeconomic indicators (suitability for people with special dietary needs). Results: The results revealed a low proportion of products met the proposed sustainability criteria, highlighting the need to promote sustainability in the vending machine industry. Although food categories like dairy products, fruits, and nuts have better nutritional profiles, they are underrepresented. In contrast, items like biscuits, crisps, snacks, and pre-prepared sandwiches often exceed recommended fat, salt, and sugar levels. More than one-quarter of products contained palm oil, only two were labeled as palm oil-free, and a limited proportion of products were suitable for individuals with special dietary requirements such as gluten sensitivity and lactose intolerance. Discussion: Improving the food selection in vending machines, guided by suggested sustainability criteria, presents a promising strategy for reshaping the food environment and promoting sustainable healthy diets, taking into account nutritional, environmental, and socioeconomic indicators.
Keywords: vending machines, university, food nutritional quality, sustainability, environmental impact
Published in DKUM: 02.07.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 3
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4. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the consumption of antibiotics and the emergence of AMR : case study in a general hospitalUrška Rozman, Konrad Kranjec, Aleksander Šeruga, Urška Kramar, Dominika Vrbnjak, Miha Lavrič, Sonja Šostar-Turk, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic changed the use of antibiotics and had an impact on the development of antimicrobial resistance. The study aimed to examine the consumption of antibiotics and the occurrence of AMR infection and colonization in the selected general hospital. Methods: Data on antibiotic consumption and data on AMR infections and colonization were monitored in the period before the COVID-19 pandemic (2018, 2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020, 2021). Descriptive statistics, the Mann–Whitney U test, and the Pearson or Spearman correlation test were used. Results: The overall prescription of antibiotics stayed approximately the same, however, some important differences can be observed when analyzing specific groups of antibiotics (vancomycin, linezolid, piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, colistin). We did not observe the difference in the occurrence of AMR infections and colonizations before and during the pandemic. However, we did observe an alarming increase in CRaB, ESBL and VRE and highlighted the increase in all AMR groups between the first and second year of the pandemic. Conclusion: The connection between antibiotic consumption and the occurrence of AMR infections and colonization was confirmed.
Keywords: COVID-19, antibiotics, AMR, general hospital, Slovenia
Published in DKUM: 01.07.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 12
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5. Notranji nadzor pitne vode v zdravstveni ustanovi in načrt ukrepanja ob izrednih dogodkih : magistrsko deloGoran Novak, 2025, master's thesis Abstract: V magistrskem delu sta obravnavana notranji nadzor pitne vode v zdravstveni ustanovi in načrt ukrepanja ob izrednih dogodkih. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti delež zdravstvene ustreznosti in skladnosti pitne vode v interni vodovodni napeljavi javnega zdravstvenega zavoda Univerzitetni klinični center Maribor, raziskati učinkovitost letnega načrta spremljanja zdravstvene ustreznosti in skladnosti pitne vode ter primerjati zdravstveno ustreznost in skladnost pitne vode med lokacijo Maribor in lokacijo Slivniško Pohorje. Uporabljene metode so vključevale vzorčenje in laboratorijsko preskušanje pitne vode na parametre iz Uredbe o pitni vodi. Magistrsko delo temelji na rezultatih mikrobiološkega preskušanja pitne vode, odvzetih vzorcih v času med 1. januarjem 2013 in 31. decembrom 2021. Skupno je bilo analiziranih 1.642 vzorcev pitne vode, od katerih je bilo 95,2 % skladnih z mejnimi vrednostmi parametrov iz Uredbe o pitni vodi. Delež zdravstvene ustreznosti in skladnosti pitne vode, vzorčenih na interni vodovodni napeljavi zdravstvenih objektov UKC Maribor na lokaciji Maribor, je bil višji kot delež zdravstvene ustreznosti in skladnosti pitne vode, vzorčenih na interni vodovodni napeljavi zdravstvenega objekta UKC Maribor na lokaciji Slivniško Pohorje. Ugotovljeno je, da dosledno izvajanje preventivnih in korekcijskih ukrepov bistveno pripomore k izboljšanju zdravstvene ustreznosti in skladnosti pitne vode. S tem magistrskim delom je omogočen hitrejši vpogled nad obvladovanjem bolnišničnih okužb s področja oskrbe z zdravstveno ustrezno pitno vodo. V prihodnje je priporočeno dosledno izvajanje notranjega nadzora in preventivnih ukrepov za zagotavljanje zdravstveno ustrezne in skladne pitne vode, redno posodabljanje načrta ukrepanja ob izrednih dogodkih ter izobraževanja osebja glede pomena zagotavljanja ustrezne kakovosti pitne vode.
Keywords: pitna voda, notranji nadzor, zdravstvena ustreznost, načrt ukrepanja ob izrednih dogodkih, interna vodovodna napeljava
Published in DKUM: 05.05.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 15
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6. Sweet, fat and salty: snacks in vending machines in health and social care institutions in SloveniaUrška Rozman, Igor Pravst, Urška Pivk Kupirovič, Urška Blaznik, Primož Kocbek, Sonja Šostar-Turk, 2020, original scientific article Abstract: Vending machines in health and social care facilities are often the only possible choice for a quick snack for workers and visitors, in many cases providing unhealthy dietary choices. Our study aimed to analyse the variety and nutritional quality of foods available in vending machines placed in social and health care institution in Slovenia. The available snacks were quantitatively assessed, using traffic light profiling. The model used for nutrient profiling was that of the Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ). Vending machines in 188 institutions were surveyed, resulting in 5625 food-items consisting of 267 unique product labels. Sweet products dominate in vending machines offers (about 70%), while nuts and seeds (8.4%), yoghurts (2.1%), fruits (1.4%) and milk (0.3%) are present in a very small proportion or are not available at all. According to FSANZ, 88.5% of all displayed food items in vending machines can be considered as lower nutritional quality or less healthy products. The authors’ future activities will be focused on ensuring wider availability of healthy dietary choices and on including official guidelines in tender conditions for vending machines in health and social care institutions in Slovenia.
Keywords: snacks, vending machines, social care institutions, health care institutions, Slovenia
Published in DKUM: 10.03.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 15
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7. Reduced susceptibility and increased resistance of bacteria against disinfectants : a systematic reviewUrška Rozman, Marko Pušnik, Sergej Kmetec, Darja Duh, Sonja Šostar-Turk, 2021, review article Abstract: Disinfectants are used to reduce the concentration of pathogenic microorganisms to a safe level and help to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases. However, bacteria have a tremendous ability to respond to chemical stress caused by biocides, where overuse and improper use of disinfectants can be reflected in a reduced susceptibility of microorganisms. This review aims to describe whether mutations and thus decreased susceptibility to disinfectants occur in bacteria during disinfectant exposure. A systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted with the databases PubMed, Science Direct and Web of Science. For the final analysis, 28 sources that remained of interest were included. Articles describing reduced susceptibility or the resistance of bacteria against seven different disinfectants were identified. The important deviation of the minimum inhibitory concentration was observed in multiple studies for disinfectants based on triclosan and chlorhexidine. A reduced susceptibility to disinfectants and potentially related problems with antibiotic resistance in clinically important bacterial strains are increasing. Since the use of disinfectants in the community is rising, it is clear that reasonable use of available and effective disinfectants is needed. It is necessary to develop and adopt strategies to control disinfectant resistance.
Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, susceptibility, disinfectants, bacteria
Published in DKUM: 09.12.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 19
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8. Immersive technology and hand hygiene : scoping reviewDominika Muršec, Sonja Šostar-Turk, Urška Rozman, Mateja Lorber, Nino Fijačko, Dominika Vrbnjak, 2024, review article Abstract: Background The use of immersive technology in healthcare education is on the rise, yet its impact on learner engagement, knowledge retention, and specifically in areas like hand hygiene training, remains underexplored. The aim of this scoping review was to summarize the existing studies of immersive technology in hand hygiene training of healthcare providers and health professions students. Methods A scoping review following the Levac et al. framework was conducted. The literature search was performed in databases PubMed, CINAHL Ultimate, ScienceDirect (Elsevier), Web of Science in addition to Google Scholar and ProQuest Dissertation & Theses. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis: Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRIMSA-ScR) guideline was used to report the results. We analysed data using tabular and descriptive summary. Results In the final analysis 11 studies from seven countries were included. Most of the studies (n = 10, 90,91%) used virtual reality in hand hygiene training of healthcare providers and health professions students. Most studies have found that immersive technology is useful in teaching hand hygiene (n = 6, 54,55%). There are some theories and concepts that support the teaching of hand hygiene with immersive technology, but most of the research is not supported by them. Theories or concepts were included in two studies (18,18%). Conclusion Immersive technology, especially virtual reality, enhances hand hygiene learning and engagement compared to traditional methods. However, most studies lack theoretical support. To advance this field, exploring immersive technology for further research and incorporating relevant theories is encouraged. Additionally, conducting a thorough cost-effectiveness analysis and establishing a robust evaluation framework, encompassing both short-term and long-term outcomes, will be beneficial for a comprehensive understanding of the impact of immersive technology in hand hygiene education.
Keywords: immersive technology, hand hygiene, usefulness, theory, concept
Published in DKUM: 27.11.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 12
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9. Mobile applications for learning hand hygiene : a comparative analysisDominika Muršec, Adrijana Svenšek, Lucija Gosak, Sonja Šostar-Turk, Urška Rozman, Gregor Štiglic, Mateja Lorber, 2024, review article Abstract: Infection control is crucial for high-quality patient care. One of the most effective and commonly used infection control procedures is hand hygiene which, it is known, requires repeated refresher training. There are many ways to educate healthcare professionals about hand hygiene, including the use of mobile applications (apps). Our aim is to review such hand hygiene apps, and to identify which have been available since 2021 and to assess their quality. We conducted a review using the PRISMA diagram to document our app selection process in the Google Play Store and Apple store in March 2024. For the evaluation of apps, we used the user version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale questionnaire (uMARS). Of 16 apps only five adhere to WHO hand hygiene guidelines. Timers were included in 12 of the 16 apps and reminders were included in 10 of 16 apps. The highest overall uMARS scoring app was Give Me 5–Hand Hygiene (4.31 ± 0.28), while Wash your hands! (1.17 ± 0.14) had the lowest score. We found that more than half of the apps were unavailable from the 2021 review. We believe that app-based education could effectively sustain hand hygiene knowledge in healthcare settings.
Keywords: hand hygiene, innovative education, WHO
Published in DKUM: 25.11.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 6
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10. Vpliv mikro- in nanoplastike iz kopenskih ekosistemov na varnost hrane in zdravje ljudiTjaša Božič, 2024, master's thesis Abstract: Uvod: Drobni delci plastike, ki so posledica razgradnje večjih plastičnih odpadkov ali pa so sestavine kozmetičnih, tekstilnih ali drugih izdelkov za splošno rabo, postajajo tudi v kopenskih ekosistemih pomembno tveganje za okolje, rastline, živali in ljudi. Ko se drobni delci plastike sprostijo v okolje, se prenašajo s pomočjo vetra, vode in zraka. Namen dela je ugotoviti, kako pojavnost mikro- in nanoplastike v kopenskih ekosistemih vpliva na varnost hrane in zdravje ljudi.
Metode: Za sintezo dokazov in oceno obsega literature o temi smo uporabili metodo scoping review. Uporabili smo iskalno strategijo z iskalnim nizom, ki je vseboval ključne besede: »micro and nanoplastic«, »human health« in »impact on environment« z njihovimi sopomenkami, ter uporabo Boolovih operatorjev (AND/OR). Iskali smo v naslednjih podatkovnih bazah: CINAHL, PubMed in SAGE.
Rezultati: Podatkovna zbirka CINAHL je vrnila 5 zadetkov na obravnavano temo, podatkovna zbirka PubMed 8 zadetkov in podatkovna zbirka SAGE 31 zadetkov, skupno 44 zadetkov. Po upoštevanju vključitvenih in izključitvenih kriterijev nam je za končno analizo in sintezo podatkov ostalo 10 člankov, ki smo jih na opisni način prikazali v obliki sintezne tabele in jim določili moč dokazov.
Razprava in zaključek: Plastika je vsestranski material, izdelan s kemičnimi postopki iz organskih polimerov. Zaradi svojih lastnosti razpada na manjše delce, ki jih glede na velikost imenujemo mikro- in nanoplastika. Zaskrbljujoče je, da so z mikro- in nanoplastiko onesnažena kmetijska tla. Plastika iz onesnaženih tal lahko prehaja v rastline, ki jih uporabljamo v prehrani ljudi ali krmi živali. To ima negativen vpliv na varnost hrane, prav tako pa tudi na zdravje živali in ljudi.
Keywords: mikro- in nanoplastika, kopenski ekosistemi, varnost hrane, zdravje ljudi.
Published in DKUM: 21.11.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 99
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