1. Gibalna aktivnost predšolskih otrok in njihovih staršev v mestnem okolju : diplomsko deloAndrej Farazin, 2024, undergraduate thesis Abstract: V diplomskem delu je predstavljen pomen gibalne/športne aktivnosti v predšolskem obdobju, pri čemer je sprva predstavljen gibalni razvoj otroka, faze in dejavniki razvoja. Zanimal nas je vpliv družine na gibalne aktivnosti otrok ter sama gibalna dejavnost staršev. Predstavljene so tudi smernice s priporočili za gibalno aktivnost otrok in odraslost. Preučevali smo povezanost časa, ki ga otroci preživijo za zasloni s gibalnimi dejavnostmi.
Diplomsko delo je raziskovalnega tipa. V raziskavi smo preverili tri zastavljene hipoteze, raziskavo pa smo izvedli s pomočjo anonimnega vprašalnika, ki so ga izpolnili starši predšolskih otrok (3-6 let). Ugotovitve raziskave so prikazane v grafih, ki jih spremljajo razlage.
Ugotavljali smo, da so predšolski otroci redno gibalno aktivni na prostem, večina jih ni vključenih v organizirano vadbo, tisti ki pa so, pa obiskujejo predvsem splošno telovadbo. Otroci v povprečju dosegajo priporočeno količino dnevnih gibalnih aktivnosti. Starši so v prostem času po večini vključeni tako v zmerno, predvsem pa visoko intenzivne gibalne dejavnosti, pri čemer pa se na našem vzorcu ne potrdi povezanost med pogostostjo gibalnih/športnih aktivnosti staršev in otrok. Ugotavljamo, da se starši pri otrocih večinoma držijo smernic glede zaslonskega časa, hkrati pa se ne potrdi povezanost zaslonskega časa in gibalno aktivnostjo otrok.
Na podlagi rezultatov smo vse tri hipoteze zavrnili.
Keywords: gibalni razvoj, predšolski otroci, gibalna/športna aktivnost, družina, čas za zasloni, mestno okolje
Published in DKUM: 08.01.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 2
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2. Lower-limb muscle contractile properties, explosive power and the subjective response of elite soccer players to the Covid-19 lockdownArmin Paravlić, Boštjan Šimunič, Saša Pišot, Matej Kleva, Kaja Teraž, Matjaž Vogrin, Uroš Marušič, Rado Pišot, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: The present study examined the effects of the lockdown period on basic anthropometric measures, countermovement jumping performance, skeletal muscle contractile properties derived from tensiomyography (TMG), injury incidence, and self-assessed general well-being in elite soccer players. A total of 266 players were assessed before (PRE) and 32 players were reassessed 11 days after (POST) the COVID-19 period. Significant changes in the TMG parameters were observed POST compared to PRE: contraction time (Tc) increased from 6% to 50% in vastus lateralis [VL] (p = 0.009) and biceps femoris [BF] (p < 0.001), respectively; whereas radial displacement (Dm) increased for 19% in BF (p = 0.036) and 17% in VL (p < 0.001), respectively. Jumping performance remained unchanged from PRE to POST In addition, athletes rated the lockdown period as a positive event and felt psychologically better during the lockdown, primarily because they spent more time with family members and friends. Although there were no differences in any of the variables describing lower limb muscle power following the two-month lockdown, the altered contractile properties of the assessed muscles suggest suboptimal conditioning of the football players.
Keywords: football, male football, power, explosive power, CMJ, tensiomyography, SJ, coronavirus, pandemics, lockdown
Published in DKUM: 11.07.2024; Views: 80; Downloads: 8
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3. Consequences of COVID-19 lockdown restrictions on children physical activity : a Slovenian StudyJurij Planinšec, Črtomir Matejek, Saša Pišot, Rado Pišot, Boštjan Šimunič, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, countries took several restrictions to contain the spread of coronavirus. In the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, primary schools in Slovenia were closed for a period long time (from October 19th 2020 until January 18th 2021 when they were partially reopened for 6–9 year olds until February 15th 2021 when they were reopened for all children) and organized sport activities for children and adolescents under the age of 15 was not allowed during this period. The aim of the study was to examine how these restrictions were reflected in the amount of different forms of physical activity (PA) of 6–12-year old children (N = 3,936). Data were collected using an online questionnaire (International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form) comparing different forms of PA before (BEFORE) and during (DURING) remote schooling. The results show that there has been a decline in children’s PA DURING, specifically, only 4.3% of children had their physical education ≥ 45 min (or 77.7% ≤ 30 min), as is the usual duration in Slovenia. There was also a remarkable decline in extracurricular sports activities (p < 0.001), which BEFORE had been participated by 72.2% of children, while DURING remote schooling, as many as 83.5% of children did not participate these activities. 69.7% of children participated in organized sports in clubs at least once a week, while DURING remote schooling, as many as 88.1% (p < 0.001) did not participate in such form of activities. Furthermore, the time spent exercising in moderate to vigorous PA also decreased (BEFORE 8.2% vs. DURING 24.9%; p < 0.001). We found that during lockdown there has been an alarming decrease in the frequency and duration of organized PA at school and at sports clubs. These findings are a good starting point for designing (developing) an effective strategy for promoting health-enhancing PA of children in the event of a future lockdown or similar situations. The strategy should focus on the appropriate implementation of PA curriculum and motivate young people to participate regularly in extracurricular organized and non-organized activities.
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, physical activity, children, remote schooling, physical education
Published in DKUM: 01.07.2024; Views: 134; Downloads: 9
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4. Pomembnost maksimalne hitrosti sprinta in teka z visokimi hitrostmi z uporabo HIIT v nogometu : diplomsko deloLuka Verbič, 2024, undergraduate thesis Abstract: V nogometu se pričakuje razumevanje fizioloških in lokomotornih ali ne-lokomotornih zahtev. Z razvrščanjem igralcev v smislu funkcionalno-motoričnih sposobnosti se lahko ustvarja učinkovitejše treninge za vse posameznike v ekipi. Izredno pomemben del kondicijske priprave v nogometu je sledenje obremenitev. Ključnega pomena pri kondicijski pripravi nogometašev je, da imajo trenerji jasno sliko pri doseganju ciljev (moč, hitrost, vzdržljivost, regeneracija, reakcija itd.). V procesu treninga je pomembna fizična, tehnična in taktična integracija. Pri vrednotenju MSS (angl. največje hitrosti sprinta) se lahko zanašamo na uporabo GPS (angl. global positioning system) sistemov, saj so pri tem dokazano zanesljivi. V nogometu je potrebno hitrost trenirati na integriran način, kar pomeni povezovanje elementov tehnike, taktike in telesne priprave, ter z vidika pomena preventive pred poškodbami vključevati tudi krivočrtni tek oziroma sprint. V praksi se moramo pri tedenski periodizaciji predvsem zavedati in upoštevati značilnosti in zahteve treh obdobij: faze regeneracije, faze kondicioniranja in faze »tejperinga«. V mesečnem planiranju moramo na sistematičen in načrtovan način iskati dneve (okna priložnosti), kjer so lahko igralci izpostavljeni največjim obremenitvam v smislu moči, vzdržljivosti in hitrosti. Pomanjkanje HSR na treningu in posledično nenadno povečanje le tega med tekmo privede do slabše izvedbe in poveča možnost poškodb.
Keywords: Nogometne zahteve, sledenje, integracija, sprint, tek, HIIT
Published in DKUM: 28.05.2024; Views: 140; Downloads: 22
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5. Sarcopenia, obesity, and their association with selected behavioral factors in active older adultsKaja Teraž, Miloš Kalc, Manca Peskar, Saša Pišot, Boštjan Šimunič, Rado Pišot, Primož Pori, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Introduction: The number of obese people in the world is increasing, as is the number of sarcopenic people among the older adults. Although both states are concerning, they can be positively influenced by selected behavioral factors such as adequate nutrition and physical activity. We were interested in the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in active older people and the influence of behavioral factors on this phenomenon.
Methods: The study included 38 older adults (21 women) with a mean age of 75.3 ± 5.0 years. Sarcopenic parameters were determined with different tests: Handgrip Test, Chair Stand Test, Gait Speed, Timed Up and Go Test, and Short Physical Performance Battery. Body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Physical activity level was measured using accelerometers, and nutritional status was assessed using the Mini-Nutritional Assessment and MEDLIFE Index questionnaire.
Results: Of all included active participants (the average number of steps per day was 8,916 ± 3,543), 47.4% of them were obese. Of all included women, 52.4% were obese. Sarcopenic obesity was found in three (7.9%) participants. Nutritional status correlated with strength of lower extremities and physical performance tests (gait speed, Timed Up and Go Test and Short Physical performance battery). Higher number of steps per day positively correlates with physical performance.
Discussion: Interestingly, we did not find any correlation between the main obesity parameter such as percent body fat or body mass index (and thus sarcopenic obesity) and any of the selected behavioral factors (physical activity, sedentary behavior, or dietary habits). In conclusion, reaching the recommended levels of physical activity in older adults may not be sufficient to prevent the occurrence of obesity and sarcopenic obesity.
Keywords: aging, physical activity, nutrition, healthy lifestyle, body composition, sarcopenia
Published in DKUM: 27.05.2024; Views: 174; Downloads: 13
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6. Physical activity drops during summer holidays for 6- to 9-year-old childrenTadeja Volmut, Rado Pišot, Jurij Planinšec, Boštjan Šimunič, 2021, original scientific article Abstract: Regular physical activity (PA) reduces the health risk of childhood obesity and associated chronic diseases as well as mental health problems. Since PA declines as children age as well with future generations it is of highest importance to intervene in school and out-of-school settings. Out-of-school periods affect children's PA as it is mainly left to the interest and motivation of their parents. We compared accelerometer-based PA patterns in 93 6- to 9-year old children assessed four times: before (May/June), during (August), and after (September) summer holidays and at a 1-year follow up (May/June). Before summer holidays children were assessed also for anthropometry and motor tests. During summer holidays overall PA decreased by 18% (p < 0.001), physical inactivity increased by 5.5% (p < 0.001), moderate PA decreased by 53% (p < 0.001) and moderate to vigorous PA decreased by 45% (p < 0.001) when compared to before summer holidays. Furthermore, overall PA remained diminished also after summer holidays by 8.8% (p = 0.001) but recovered to baseline values at 1-year follow up. About 30% of overall PA and moderate to vigorous PA decrease during summer holidays could be explained by children's fitness level as a greater decrease was found in children with better results in standing long jump and 300-meter running time. Our finding detects an alarming summer holiday decrease in children PA that should not be neglected in future studies and intervention designs.
Keywords: MVPA, otroci, poletne počitnice, gibalna neaktivnost, sedentarnost, pospeškometer, children, vacations, physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, accelerometer
Published in DKUM: 15.05.2024; Views: 254; Downloads: 12
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7. Sarcopenia parameters in active older adults : an eight-year longitudinal studyKaja Teraž, Uroš Marušič, Miloš Kalc, Boštjan Šimunič, Primož Pori, Bruno Grassi, Stefano Lazzer, Marco Vicenzo Narici, Mojca Gabrijelčič Blenkuš, Pietro Enrico Di Prampero, Carlo Reggiani, Angelina Passaro, Gianni Biolo, Mladen Gasparini, Rado Pišot, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: Background
Sarcopenia is a common skeletal muscle syndrome that is common in older adults but can be mitigated by adequate and regular physical activity. The development and severity of sarcopenia is favored by several factors, the most influential of which are a sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity. The aim of this observational longitudinal cohort study was to evaluate changes in sarcopenia parameters, based on the EWGSOP2 definition in a population of active older adults after eight years. It was hypothesized that selected active older adults would perform better on sarcopenia tests than the average population.
Methods
The 52 active older adults (22 men and 30 women, mean age: 68.4±5.6 years at the time of their first evaluation) participated in the study at two time points eight-years apart. Three sarcopenia parameters were assessed at both time points: Muscle strength (handgrip test), skeletal muscle mass index, and physical performance (gait speed), these parameters were used to diagnose sarcop0enia according to the EWGSOP2 definition. Additional motor tests were also performed at follow-up measurements to assess participants’ overall fitness. Participants self-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior using General Physical Activity Questionnaire at baseline and at follow-up measurements.
Results
In the first measurements we did not detect signs of sarcopenia in any individual, but after 8 years, we detected signs of sarcopenia in 7 participants. After eight years, we detected decline in ; muscle strength (-10.2%; p<.001), muscle mass index (-5.4%; p<.001), and physical performance measured with gait speed (-28.6%; p<.001). Similarly, self-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior declined, too (-25.0%; p=.030 and −48.5%; p<.001, respectively).
Conclusions
Despite expected lower scores on tests of sarcopenia parameters due to age-related decline, participants performed better on motor tests than reported in similar studies. Nevertheless, the prevalence of sarcopenia was consistent with most of the published literature.
Trial registration
The clinical trial protocol was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT04899531
Keywords: elderly, physical activities, sedentary behavior, skeletal muscle disorder, sarcopenia
Published in DKUM: 25.03.2024; Views: 276; Downloads: 8
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8. Inter-person differences in isometric coactivations of triceps surae and tibialis anterior decrease in young, but not in older adults after 14 days of bed restMatjaž Divjak, Gašper Sedej, Nina Murks, Mitja Gerževič, Uroš Marušič, Rado Pišot, Boštjan Šimunič, Aleš Holobar, 2022, original scientific article Abstract: We examined activation patterns of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM), gastrocnemius lateralis (GL), soleus (SO), and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles in eight older (58.4 ± 3.3 years) and seven young (23.1 ± 2.9 years) participants, before and after 14 days of horizontal bed rest. Visual feedback on the exerted muscle torque was provided to the participants. The discharge patterns of individual motor units (MUs) were studied in three repetitions of isometric plantar flexion at 30 and 60% of Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC), before, and 1 day after the 14-day bed rest, respectively. In the GL and GM muscles, the older participants demonstrated higher MU discharge rates than the young, regardless of the contraction level, both before and after the bed rest. In the TA and SO muscles, the differences between the older and young participants were less consistent. Detailed analysis revealed person-specific changes in the MU discharge rates after the bed rest. To quantify the coactivation patterns we calculated the correlation coefficients between the cumulative spike trains of identified MUs from each muscle, and measured the root mean square difference of the correlation coefficients between the trials of the same session (intra-session variability) and between different sessions (inter-session variability) in each participant (intra-person comparison) and across participants (inter-person comparison). In the intra-person comparison, the inter-session variability was higher than the intra-session variability, either before or after the bed rest. At 60% MVC torque, the young demonstrated higher inter-person variability of coactivation than the older participants, but this variability decreased significantly after the bed rest. In older participants, inter-person variability was consistently lower at 60% than at 30% MVC torque. In young participants, inter-person variability became lower at 60% than at 30% MVC torque only after the bed rest. Precaution is required when analyzing the MU discharge and coactivation patterns, as individual persons demonstrate individual adaptations to aging or bed rest.
Keywords: mišičnoskeletni sistem, mišice, bed rest, staranje, elektromiografija, high density electromyography, muscle disuse, motor units, discharge rate, aging
Published in DKUM: 07.07.2023; Views: 539; Downloads: 61
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9. Primerjava biomehanskih karakteristik skeletnih mišic med vrhunskimi in rekreativnimi alpskimi smučarjiJure Urbanc, 2019, undergraduate thesis Abstract: Alpsko smučanje že dolgo velja za slovenski nacionalni šport. Smučajo mladi in manj mladi, profesionalci in rekreativci. Seveda so se smučarska oprema, tehnika in način smučanja z leti spreminjali in spreminjali so se tudi trend in vrste poškodb. Prav zaradi tega smo se odločili, da bomo v diplomski nalogi ugotavljali razlike v biomehanskih karakteristikah skeletnih mišic med vrhunskimi in rekreativnimi alpskimi smučarji. Osredotočili smo se na discipline alpskega smučanja, zato smo podrobneje preučili njihovo tekmovalno tehniko ter razčlenili različne faze smučarskega zavoja. Za lažje razumevanje smo predstavili tehnične značilnosti in pomen smuči in ostale opreme ter discipline, v katerih tekmujejo alpski smučarji. Vsak šport temelji na načinu športne vadbe in tudi preventive, zato smo ob opisu gibalnih in funkcionalnih sposobnosti poudarili tudi pomen športne diagnostike.
V zaključku teoretičnega dela smo predstavili sodobno diagnostično metodo za spremljanje značilnosti skeletnih mišic - tenziomiografijo (TMG) in natančno interpretirali njeno uporabo ter izmerjene rezultate – parametre. Vse to smo uporabili v raziskovalnem delu naloge.
Raziskovalni del je jedro te diplomske naloge. Podatke, ki smo jih pridobili z metodo TMG, smo obdelali s programom SPSS. Raziskava nam je pokazala ključne razlike med vzorcema skeletnih mišic pri vrhunskih in rekreativnih alpskih smučarjih in s tem podkrepila ugotovitve o vzrokih za nastanek poškodb in o načinih za njihovo preprečitev.
Keywords: alpsko smučanje, tehnika smučanja, smučarska oprema, gibalne in funkcionalne sposobnosti, poškodbe, tenziomiografija
Published in DKUM: 18.09.2019; Views: 1318; Downloads: 179
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10. Vpliv osnovnih gibalnih in funkcionalnih sposobnosti na hitrost vodenja žoge pri 10-17 let starih nogometašihMatija Maršič, Branko Zupan, Rado Pišot, Mitja Gerževič, 2016, original scientific article Abstract: Cilj študije je bil ugotoviti povezanost izbranih gibalnih in funkcionalnih sposobnosti s hitrostjo vodenja žoge s spremembo smeri pri 183 mladih nogometaših med 10. in 17. letom starosti (starost 13,0 ± 1,8 leta; telesna višina 161,8 ± 13,3 cm; telesna masa 53,3 ± 14,7 kg). Na osnovi pridobljenih podatkov in rezultatov smo ugotovili, da bi se bilo treba po 13. letu poleg drugim, za nogometno igro pomembnim sposobnostim, bolj posvetiti razvoju elastične odrivne moči, po 16. letu pa vse bolj oz. še bolj poudarjati visoko hitrost in kakovost izvedbe specifičnih nogometnih vsebin tipa hitrosti in agilnosti. Za uspešno vodenje s spremembo smeri je pri 10–11 letih pomembna predvsem agilnost, pri 12–13 letih tudi relativna odrivna elastična moč in aerobno-anaerobna vzdržljivost, pri 14–15 letih predvsem aerobno-anaerobna vzdržljivost, pri 16–17 letih pa poleg agilnosti še hitrost pospeševanja in največja hitrost teka.
Keywords: nogomet, gibalne sposobnosti, motorične sposobnosti, gibalni razvoj, otroci
Published in DKUM: 12.10.2017; Views: 1295; Downloads: 143
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