Iskanje po katalogu digitalne knjižnice

Opis: This paper presents a high-resolution urban-scale evaluation of the impact of retro-reflective (RR)facade materials on building thermal load. Unlike earlier studies limited to isolated buildings or simplified geometries, we integrate LiDAR-derived 3D city models, local meteorological data, and per-triangle thermal load simulation to quantify seasonal thermal load impact on an urban scale. The triangle-based framework enables detailed estimation of shading, orientation, and vegetation effects under realistic urban configurations. The methodology was applied to 914 buildings in Celje, Slovenia, represented by more than seven million building surface triangles. Results show that Prism RR material increased annual heating demands by 2.1 % and reduced cooling demands by 0.76 %, while Glass bead material increased heating by 1.6 % and reduced cooling by 0.65 %. On the days of maximum city-aggregate cooling demand reduction, Prism and Glass bead materials reduced cooling demands by upto 19.31 % and 15.39 %,respectively. These location-specific results demonstrate a seasonal trade-off, where reduced summer cooling demand is counter balanced by increased heating demand. The analysis also identifies a previously underreported seasonal asymmetry, with the highest heating demand increases occurring in spring when solar irradiation is high yet heating demand remains.
Ključne besede: thermal load, lagre scale, retro-reflective materials, glass bead, prism
Objavljeno v DKUM: 12.12.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 0
Celotno besedilo (33,67 MB)

Opis: Spatio-temporal forecasting is a rapidly evolving field, accelerated by the increasing accessibility of sensoring infrastructure and computational hardware, capable of processing the large amount of sampled data. Applications of spatio-temporal forecasts range from traffic, weather, air pollution forecasting and others. Emerging technologies employ deep learning architectures, such as graph, convolutional, recurrent and transformer neural networks. While the state-of-the-art methods provide accurate time series predictions, they are typically limited to providing forecasts only for the direct locations of sampling, whereas coverage of the entire area is often desired by the applications. In this work, we propose a method that addresses this challenge and improves on the shortcomings of related works, which have already tackled the task. The proposed graph convolutional recurrent neural network based method provides forecasts for arbitrary geolocations without available measurement data, formulating predictions based on contextual information of target geolocations and the time series data of nearby measurement geolocations. We evaluate the method on three real-world datasets from meteorological, traffic and air pollution domains, and gauge its performance against the state-of-the-art spatio-temporal forecasting methods. The proposed method achieves 12.26 %, 66.97 % and 42.89 % improvements in the mean absolute percentage errors on the three aforementioned datasets, compared to the best performing state-of-the-art method GConvGRU.
Ključne besede: spatio-temporal forecasting, graph recurrent neural networks, sparse geospatial sensor networks
Objavljeno v DKUM: 25.07.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 6
Celotno besedilo (5,19 MB)

Opis: In this paper, a novel method for estimating high-resolution isotropic broadband albedo is proposed, by downscaling satellite-derived albedo using an optimization approach. At first, broadband albedo is calculated from the lower-resolution multispectral satellite image using standard narrow-to-broadband (NTB) conversion, where the surfaces are considered Lambertian with isotropic reflectance. The high-resolution true orthophoto for the same location is segmented with the deep learning-based Segment Anything Model (SAM), and the resulting segments are refined with a classified digital surface model (cDSM) to exclude small transient objects. Afterwards, the remaining segments are grouped using K-means clustering, by considering orthophoto-visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) bands. These segments present surfaces with similar materials and underlying reflectance properties. Next, the Differential Evolution (DE) optimization algorithm is applied to approximate albedo values to these segments so that their spatial aggregate matches the coarse-resolution satellite albedo, by proposing two novel objective functions. Extensive experiments considering different DE parameters over an 0.75 km2 large urban area in Maribor, Slovenia, have been carried out, where Sentinel-2 Level-2A NTB-derived albedo was downscaled to 1 m spatial resolution. Looking at the performed spatiospectral analysis, the proposed method achieved absolute differences of 0.09 per VIS band and below 0.18 per NIR band, in comparison to lower-resolution NTB-derived albedo. Moreover, the proposed method achieved a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.0179 and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 4.0299% against ground truth broadband albedo annotations of characteristic materials in the given urban area. The proposed method outperformed the Enhanced Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Networks (ESRGANs), which achieved an RMSE of 0.0285 and an MAPE of 9.2778%, and the Blind Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Network (BSRGAN), which achieved an RMSE of 0.0341 and an MAPE of 12.3104%.
Ključne besede: isotropic broadband albedo, high-resolution albedo, Sentinel-2 albedo, true orthophoto, anything model, differential evolution
Objavljeno v DKUM: 23.04.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 3
Celotno besedilo (20,47 MB)

Opis: In the past years various methods have been developed to estimate high-resolution solar potential in urban areas, by simulating solar irradiance over surface models that originate from remote sensing data. In general, this requires discretisation of solar irradiance models that estimate direct, reflective, and diffuse irradiances. The latter is most accurately estimated by an anisotropic model, where the hemispherical sky dome from arbitrary surface’s viewpoint consists of the horizon, the circumsolar and sky regions. Such model can be modified to incorporate the effects of shadowing from obstruction with a view factor for each sky region. However, state-of-the-art using such models for estimating solar potential in urban areas, only considers the sky view factor, and not circumsolar view factor, due to high computational load. In this paper, a novel parallelisation of solar potential estimation is proposed by using General Purpose computing on Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU). Modified anisotropic Perez model is used by considering diffuse shadowing with all three sky view factors. Moreover, we provide validation based on sensitivity analysis of the method’s accuracy with independent meteorological measurements, by changing circumsolar sky region’s half-angle and resolution of the hemispherical sky dome. Finally, the presented method using GPPGU was compared to multithreaded Central Processing Unit (CPU) approach, where on average a 70x computational speedup was achieved. Finally, the proposed method was applied over a urban area, obtained from Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data, where the computation of solar potential was performed in a reasonable time.
Ključne besede: solar energy, solar potential, anisotropic diffuse irradiance, LiDAR, GPGPU
Objavljeno v DKUM: 17.12.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 12
Celotno besedilo (8,06 MB)

Ključne besede: dynamic programming, suboptimal solution, feature selection, machine learning
Objavljeno v DKUM: 16.07.2024; Ogledov: 139; Prenosov: 47
Celotno besedilo (596,28 KB)