1. Promocija zdravja in preventivna uporaba večsevnih probiotikov za preprečevanje okužb zgornjih dihal pri starejših osebahMaja Strauss, 2024, doktorska disertacija Opis: Uvod: Življenjska doba se povečuje, s starostjo pa prihaja do različnih sprememb v imunskem sistemu, ki vodijo v povečano tveganje za nastanek okužb, od katerih so najpogostejše okužbe gastrointestinalnega in respiratornega trakta. Zato so številne raziskave usmerjene v preprečevanje infekcij dihal pri tej populaciji z namenom izboljšanja kakovosti življenja. Pomembno vlogo pri ohranjanju zdravja starejših oseb ima uravnotežena črevesna mikrobiota, ki posredno vpliva na imunski sistem. Probiotiki izkazujejo koristno podporo črevesni mikrobioti. Z doktorsko disertacijo smo želeli raziskati, kakšna je vloga promocije zdravja in preventivne uporabe probiotikov pri preprečevanju okužb zgornjih dihal.
Metode: Izvedena je bila dvojno slepa, s placebom kontrolirana klinična študija z uporabo večsevnega probiotika OMNi-BiOTiC® Active. V raziskavi so bili uporabljeni validirani anketni vprašalniki: mini prehranska anamneza (MNA), vprašalnik o zdravju EQ-5D-5L, vprašalnik o kakovosti življenja (SF-36) in profil zdravega življenjskega sloga II (HPLP II). Zbrane podatke smo analizirali s statističnim programom SPSS (IBM SPSS 28.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Uporabljeni so bili opisna statistika, t-test za neodvisne vzorce, Mann-Whitneyjev U-test, t-test za odvisne vzorce, hi-kvadrat test in Fisherjev eksaktni test.
Rezultati: V klinično študijo je bilo vključenih 32 (33,7 %) moških in 63 (66,3 %) žensk. Povprečna starost udeležencev študije je bila 70,3 ± 4,8 leta; moških 72,1 ± 4,8 leta in žensk 69,3 ± 4,5 leta. V skupino, ki je prejemala probiotik, je bilo razporejenih 49, v skupino placebo pa 46 starejših oseb. Populacija je bila normalne prehranjenosti, saj je bil povprečni vmesni rezultat orientacijskega testa MNA 13,2 ± 1,1. Pojavnost okužb zgornjih dihal ni pokazala statistično značilne razlike med obema skupinama (p = 0,52449). Udeleženci klinične študije, ki so uživali probiotike, so imeli statistično značilno (p = 0,011) krajši čas trajanja bolezni, in sicer 3,1 ± 1,6 dneva, medtem ko je bil čas trajanja v placebo skupini 6,0 ± 3,8 dneva. Rezultati kažejo, da se starejše osebe premalo udeležujejo delavnic promocije zdravja in da lahko preventivna uporaba probiotikov pomaga skrajšati trajanje poteka bolezni.
Razprava: Promocija zdravja ima ključno vlogo pri zagotavljanju kakovosti življenja pri starejši populaciji. Za izboljšanje zdravja starejše populacije sta potrebna sistemski pristop ter nudenje skupinskega in tudi individualnega izobraževanja. Ugotovitve naše raziskave kažejo, da je priporočljivo uživanje večsevnih probiotikov pri starejših osebah, saj lahko pripomorejo k lažji obliki akutne okužbe zgornjih dihal. Večsevni probiotiki imajo različne še neraziskane učinke na zdravje, zato so možnosti nadaljnjega raziskovanja odprte na številnih področjih.
Ključne besede: promocija zdravja, probiotiki, starejše osebe, okužba zgornjih dihalnih poti
Objavljeno v DKUM: 29.07.2024; Ogledov: 101; Prenosov: 21
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2. Efficacy of direct or indirect use of probiotics for the improvement of maternal depression during pregnancy and in the postnatal period : a systematic review and meta-analysisKlavdija Čuček-Trifkovič, Dušanka Mičetić-Turk, Sergej Kmetec, Maja Strauss, Hannah Dahlen, Jann Foster, Sabina Fijan, 2022, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: The mother and infant form a unique bond, with maternal mental health affecting the interactions with the infant and infant behaviours impacting maternal mental health. One of the possible mechanisms influencing maternal mental health is the manipulation of the gut-brain axis by consuming probiotic supplements. Probiotics can also have an indirect influence on maternal mental health via the modulation of the infant microbiome and consequently improving the infant’s health and thus, indirectly leading to an improvement in maternal mood. This systematic review evaluated the efficacy of probiotics on maternal mental health by searching for randomised controlled trials via international databases: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science until January 2022. A meta-analysis was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration methodology where possible. We found seven clinical trials that included the word probiotics and addressed maternal depression and/or anxiety. Of these, five trials investigated the influence of maternal probiotic supplementation on the gut-brain axis. Two trials investigated the indirect influence of probiotics on maternal depression via supplementation of probiotics by infants and subsequent influence on the crying of colicky infants. Meta-analysis of two studies of pregnant and postnatal women and two studies of infants consuming probiotics on the outcome of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for mothers showed no statistical difference. The findings indicate that maternal depression is very complex and is influenced by various bidirectional factors. One of the factors that can improve maternal mental health is probiotics, however, careful consideration must be given to correct strain selection as strain-specific effectiveness was observed. Further well-designed, robust clinical studies are warranted.
Ključne besede: probiotics, pregnancy, postpartum, depression, prevention, psychobiotics
Objavljeno v DKUM: 05.07.2024; Ogledov: 143; Prenosov: 5
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3. The efficacy of probiotics as antiviral agents for the treatment of rotavirus gastrointestinal infections in children : an updated overview of literatureAndrej Steyer, Dušanka Mičetić-Turk, Sabina Fijan, 2022, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Enteric viruses, including the rotavirus, norovirus, and adenoviruses, are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis. The rotavirus disease is especially prevalent among children, and studies over the past decade have revealed complex interactions between rotaviruses and the gut microbiota. One way to treat and prevent dysbiosis is the use of probiotics as an antiviral agent. This review focuses on the latest scientific evidence on the antiviral properties of probiotics against rotavirus gastroenteric infections in children. A total of 19 studies exhibited a statistically significant antiviral effect of probiotics. The main probiotics that were effective were Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, and various multi-strain probiotics. The underlying mechanism of the probiotics against rotavirus gastroenteric infections in children included immune enhancement and modulation of intestinal microbiota leading to shortening of diarrhoea. However, several clinical studies also found no significant difference in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group even though well-known strains were used, thus showing the importance of correct dosage, duration of treatment, quality of probiotics and the possible influence of other factors, such as the production process of probiotics and the influence of immunisation on the effect of probiotics. Therefore, more robust, well-designed clinical studies addressing all factors are warranted.
Ključne besede: probiotics, microbiota, rotaviruses
Objavljeno v DKUM: 05.07.2024; Ogledov: 91; Prenosov: 8
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4. Knowledge of fermentation and health benefits among general population in North-eastern SloveniaMaja Šikić Pogačar, Dušanka Mičetić-Turk, Sabina Fijan, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background: Fermented foods are staples of the human diet and fermentation process has been used by humans for thousands of years. The preparation of fermented foods was performed in the past without knowledge of the role of microorganisms involved. Nowadays, fermented foods, due to their proclaimed health benefits for consumers, are becoming increasingly popular. Our study was constructed to provide data on awareness and use of fermented foods among people in North-eastern Slovenia.
Methods: The cross-sectional study included 349 individuals (16–89 years of age). An online survey was designed to assess the participants' knowledge of fermentation, fermented foods, the consumption of fermented foods and awareness of the health benefits. Data were collected from March to June 2021 and analyzed using IBM SPSS 27.0.
Results: Compared with the youngest participants (< 21 years) knowledge of fermentation was higher in older individuals (p < 0.001). More than a half of the participants recognized the role of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts in fermentation process, however, only 18.3% of participants were aware of the role of the molds. Only 25.9% of the participants have become acquainted with fermented foods at home and 62.2% of them were aware of health benefits of fermented foods, but mostly on gastrointestinal health and the immune system.
Conclusions: As people today live predominantly in urban areas and incline towards westernized foods, they often lack the knowledge of fermentation and awareness regarding the nutritional value of fermented foods and their preparation. Steps should be taken to educate younger generations regarding the health benefits of fermented foods especially considering that most of them expressed their interest in learning more about the process.
Ključne besede: fermentation, fermented foods, health benefits, knowledge, microorganisms
Objavljeno v DKUM: 04.07.2024; Ogledov: 91; Prenosov: 3
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5. Anemia in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease at the time of diagnosis and after 1 year of treatmentŽan Ferant, Maja Šikić Pogačar, Jernej Dolinšek, Dušanka Mičetić-Turk, 2015, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: anemija, kronična vnetna črevesna bolezen, otroci, adolescenti, prevalence
Objavljeno v DKUM: 11.04.2024; Ogledov: 208; Prenosov: 9
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7. Prevention of Campylobacter jejuni K49/4 adhesion to porcine small intestine cell line PSI cl1 using different plant extractsMaja Šikić Pogačar, Anja Klančnik, Sonja Smole Možina, Dušanka Mičetić-Turk, 2017, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: adhezija, Campylobacter jejuni, celične linije, fenolne spojine, protiadhezijska terapija, rastlinski ekstrakti
Objavljeno v DKUM: 09.04.2024; Ogledov: 166; Prenosov: 11
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9. Single-strain probiotic lactobacilli for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children : a systematic review and meta-analysisSabina Fijan, Nina Kolč, Metka Hrašovec, Gro Jamtvedt, Maja Šikić Pogačar, Dušanka Mičetić-Turk, Uroš Maver, 2023, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Probiotics are known for their positive effects on the gut microbiota. There is growing evidence that the infant gut and skin colonization have a role in the development of the immune system, which may be helpful in the prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis. This systematic review focused on evaluating the effect of single-strain probiotic lactobacilli consumption on treating children's atopic dermatitis. Seventeen randomized placebo-controlled trials with the primary outcome of the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index were included in the systematic review. Clinical trials using single-strain lactobacilli were included. The search was conducted until October 2022 using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Cochrane library and manual searches. The Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Meta-analyses and sub meta-analyses were performed using Cochrane Collaboration methodology. Due to different methods of reporting the SCORAD index, only 14 clinical trials with 1124 children were included in the meta-analysis (574 in the single-strain probiotic lactobacilli group and 550 in the placebo group) and showed that single-strain probiotic lactobacilli statistically significantly reduced the SCORAD index compared to the placebo in children with atopic dermatitis (mean difference [MD]: -4.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -7.50 to -1.49; Z = 2.93; p = 0.003; heterogeneity I-2 = 90%). The subgroup meta-analysis showed that strains of Limosilactobacillus fermentum were significantly more effective than strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei or Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus. A longer treatment time and younger treatment age statistically significantly reduced symptoms of atopic dermatitis. The result of this systematic review and meta-analysis shows that certain single-strain probiotic lactobacilli are more successful than others in reducing atopic dermatitis severity in children. Therefore, careful consideration to strain selection, treatment time and the age of the treated patients are important factors in enhancing the effectiveness of reducing atopic dermatitis in children when choosing probiotic single-strain lactobacilli.
Ključne besede: probiotics, lactobacilli, atopic dermatitis, children, meta-analysis, systematic review
Objavljeno v DKUM: 16.02.2024; Ogledov: 399; Prenosov: 25
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10. Posledice pandemije covid-19 na prehransko stanje ljudi v severovzhodni slovenijiKaja Mohorko, 2023, magistrsko delo Opis: Uvod: Zaradi pojava pandemije koronavirusne bolezni in posledičnega omejevanja gibanja se je povečalo sedentarno življenje, prav tako se je povečal vnos mastne, kalorične prehrane, ki velja kot tolažilno sredstvo v takšnih situacijah. Namen magistrskega dela je ugotoviti in raziskati posledice pandemije bolezni covid-19 na prehransko stanje ljudi.
Metode: Uporabili smo kvantitativno metodologijo raziskovanja, s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika. Anketirali smo 75 ljudi, od tega 50 tistih, ki so preboleli okužbo z virusom SARS-CoV-2 in 25 tistih, ki okužbe niso preboleli. Dobljene podatke smo obdelali s pomočjo programa Microsoft Excel ter IBM SPSS, verzija 28. 0. Hipoteze smo preverjali s pomočjo hi-kvadrat testa in korelacijsko analizo.
Rezultati: Ugotovili smo spremembo v vnosu posameznih skupin živil. Zmanjšal se je vnos mesa in mesnih izdelkov (p < 0,019), medtem ko je vnos žitaric, sadja ter zelenjave, mleka in mlečnih izdelkov, rib, sladkarij, prigrizkov, alkohola, sladkih pijač, vode ostal nespremenjen (p > 0,05). Prav tako se je pogostost večerje tekom pandemije zmanjšala (p = 0,041).
Razprava in sklep: Na osnovi rezultatov ugotavljamo, da se prehransko stanje ljudi med pandemijo covid-19 v SV Sloveniji ni drastično spremenilo. Ugotovili smo, da so ljudje redkeje večerjali, zmanjšal se je vnos mesa, mesnih izdelkov, povečal pa vnos slanih prigrizkov. Poleg tega pa se telesna teža tekom pandemije ni veliko spremenila. Več so na telesni teži pridobili mlajši (18–35 let) v primerjavi z odraslimi, starejšimi od 35 let.
Ključne besede: koronavirusna bolezen, pandemija, prehranski status, telesna teža
Objavljeno v DKUM: 08.12.2023; Ogledov: 512; Prenosov: 41
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