1. Dejavniki, pogojevalci in pojasnjevalci namere za cepljenje proti covidu-19 v Sloveniji in Evropi : doktorska disertacijaMonika Lamot, 2024, doktorska disertacija Opis: Oklevanje pred cepljenjem je že pred pandemijo covida-19 veljalo za eno izmed osrednjih groženj javnemu zdravju, pandemija covida-19 pa je problem oklevanja pred cepljenjem samo še bolj osvetlila. Politična prepričanja posameznikov, institucionalno zaupanje in prepričanja v teorije zarote je že obstoječa literatura opredelila kot ene izmed močnejših napovednikov cepljenja, a so bili ti praviloma obravnavani kot neposredni napovedniki stališč do cepljenja oziroma namere cepljenja, in manj v sklopu kompleksnejših modelov mediacije. Ob tem je večina raziskav pri stališčih do cepljenja slednje proučila na ravni posameznika, manjkajo pa raziskave, ki vključujejo tudi vlogo strukturnih, makro značilnosti družb. Primanjkuje tudi raziskav, ki namero cepljenja proučujejo v sklopu analiz, usmerjenih k posameznikom, ki omogočajo identifikacijo njihovih lastnosti. Obenem je večina študij s področja stališč do cepljenja proti covidu-19 in namere cepljenja opravljena v tujih državah. V Sloveniji gre za pretežno neraziskano področje. To je še posebej problematično, ker gre za državo, ki je tako pred kot tudi po pandemiji spadala med tiste, kjer prebivalci izkazujejo večje oklevanje pred cepljenjem. V doktorski disertaciji smo tako proučili vlogo strukturnih značilnosti pri dejavnikih namere cepljenja proti covidu-19, analizirali lastnosti posameznikov glede na njihovo namero cepljenja ter proučili možne mehanizme odnosa med političnimi prepričanji posameznika in njegovo namero glede cepljenja. Analizirali smo mednarodno anketno podatkovno bazo evropskih držav European Social Survey 10. V prvi študiji smo preverjali strukturne dejavnike v sklopu med-nivojskih interakcij in ugotovili, da ima zaupanje v politične institucije močnejši pozitiven učinek na namero cepljenja proti covidu-19 v državah z višjim BDP na prebivalca in državah, kjer je nižja zaznana korupcija. Ugotovili smo tudi, da bolj individualistično vrednotno usmerjene družbe okrepijo pozitiven učinek zadovoljstva z zdravstvenim sistemom na namero cepljenja. Ob tem se je izkazalo, da nižji BDP na prebivalca, višja zaznana korupcija in bolj kolektivistična usmerjenost družbe okrepijo negativen učinek prepričanj v teorije zarote na namero cepljenja. V drugi študiji smo proučili lastnosti Slovencev in Slovenk glede na njihovo namero cepljenja proti covidu-19. Uvrstili smo jih v latentne profile, ki smo jih analizirali glede na njihovo zaupanje znanosti, zadovoljstvo z delom vlade v času pandemije in prepričanjih v teorije zarote. Izkazalo se je, da so se bili najbolj pripravljeni cepiti posamezniki, uvrščeni v profil, ki je bil najbolj zadovoljen z delom vlade, je v največji meri zaupal znanosti in najmanj izražal zarotniška prepričanja. V tretji študiji smo preverjali razlike v nameri cepljenja glede na politično usmeritev (levo-desno), populistična stališča (dimenziji stališča o ljudski suverenosti in protimigrantska stališča) in politični ekstremizem prek zaupanja političnim institucijam, znanosti in prepričanj v teorije zarote. Ugotovili smo, da so v času pandemije desno politično usmerjeni posamezniki v večji meri zaupali znanosti in v manjši meri izražali prepričanja v teorije zarote, kar je prispevalo k njihovi večji pripravljenosti za cepljenje proti covidu-19, v primerjavi z bolj levo usmerjenimi posamezniki. Ugotovili smo tudi, da podpiranje ideje o ljudski suverenosti pozitivno učinkuje na zaupanje znanosti, to pa na namero za cepljenje; po drugi strani pa pozitivno učinkuje na prepričanja v teorije zarote, kar negativno učinkuje na cepljenje. Pri izražanju protimigrantskih stališč smo ugotovili, da negativno učinkujejo na zaupanje znanosti in pozitivno na prepričanja v teorije zarote, kar pa negativno učinkuje na namero cepljenja. Nenazadnje smo ugotovili, da se politična ekstrema ne razlikujeta v zaupanju političnim institucijam, zaupanju znanosti, prepričanjih v teorije zarote in nameri cepljenja proti covidu-19.
Ključne besede: covid-19, cepljenje, prepričanja v teorije zarote, politična prepričanja, institucionalno zaupanje, med nivojske interakcije, analiza latentnih profilov, modeliranje strukturnih enačb, Slovenija
Objavljeno v DKUM: 22.10.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 24
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2. Understanding vaccine hesitancy : a comparison of sociodemographic and socioeconomic predictors with health literacy dimensionsMonika Lamot, Andrej Kirbiš, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Vaccine hesitancy represents a global public health challenge that can diminish the effectiveness of vaccination programs. Research indicates that various sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, along with health literacy, predict vaccine hesitancy. In this study, we analyzed data from a Slovenian health literacy survey that included 3360 adult participants. We examined the effects of sociodemographic (gender and age) and socioeconomic factors (education, economic deprivation, and self-assessed socioeconomic status), as well as different dimensions of health literacy (general, communicative, and navigational), on vaccine hesitancy. The results show that age, education, and economic deprivation are statistically significant predictors of vaccine hesitancy; younger individuals, those with lower education levels, and those experiencing greater economic deprivation express increased vaccine hesitancy. Higher levels of general and communicative health literacy are associated with lower vaccine hesitancy, while navigational health literacy was not found to be a statistically significant predictor of vaccine hesitancy.
Ključne besede: vaccine hesitancy, Slovenia, health literacy, sociodemographic factors, socioeconomic factors
Objavljeno v DKUM: 08.10.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 1
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3. Exploring the inherent heterogeneity of vaccine hesitancy : a study of a childhood-vaccine-hesitant populationMonika Lamot, Andrej Kirbiš, Mitja Vrdelja, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Vaccine hesitancy and its determinants have been previously widely researched. Vaccine hesitancy has been defined as a continuum of attitudes, ranging from accepting vaccines with doubts to rejecting them. The present study aims to explore the heterogeneity of a childhood-vaccine-hesitant group by using a person-oriented approach-latent profile analysis. A non-representative cross-sectional sample of vaccine-hesitant Slovenians (N = 421, Mage = 35.21, 82.9% women) was used to identify differences based on their reliance on personal research (“self” researching instead of relying on science), overconfidence in knowledge, endorsement of conspiracy theories, complementary and alternative medicine, and trust in the healthcare system. The analysis revealed three profiles of vaccine-hesitant individuals. The most hesitant profile-vaccine rejecting-expressed the greatest reliance on personal research, expressed the highest endorsement of conspiracy theories and complementary and alternative medicine, showed moderate overconfidence in their knowledge, and expressed the highest levels of distrust in the healthcare system. We further found differences in sociodemographic structure and that the identified profiles differed in their attitudes regarding MMR, HPV, and Seasonal Influenza vaccinations. The present study demonstrates the heterogeneity of the vaccine-hesitant community and offers insights into some of the traits, which are crucial for designing pro-vaccine campaigns.
Ključne besede: vaccine hesitancy, heterogeneity, latent profile analysis, complementary and alternative medicine, CAM, conspiracy theories, trust in healthcare system
Objavljeno v DKUM: 21.08.2024; Ogledov: 101; Prenosov: 15
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4. The role of education in sustainable dietary patterns in SloveniaAndrej Kirbiš, Monika Lamot, Marija Javornik, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The most sustainable dietary patterns involve the consumption of plant-based (vegan) foods, excluding or reducing animal products, including meat, fish, and dairy, yet there is a lack of research on determinants of sustainable dietary patterns in central European countries. The present article aimed to examine the prevalence of sustainable dietary practices and attitudes among the Slovenian public and to investigate the role of education in fostering sustainable dietary patterns. We analyzed a representative national sample of Slovenians, with data gathered in 2019 (ISSP/Slovenian Public Opinion; N = 1079; 51.2% females). The results indicate that most Slovenians do not have sustainable dietary practices or attitudes with regard to health, the environment, animals, and dietary minorities. One in four Slovenians consume meat at least once per day and one in two consume meat three to six times per week. In addition, 78.2% of Slovenians consume milk at least three times per week; more than half consume milk daily or more often. Fish consumption is the least frequent among the three food groups. At least two-thirds of Slovenians also hold attitudes that are low in sustainability. Results also show that, after controlling for confounding variables, higher educational level emerged as an independent predictor of lower meat consumption, but not of lower fish or milk consumption. Furthermore, those in the lowest educational group are significantly less likely to hold sustainable attitudes than those in the higher educational group. Finally, current student status only decreases meat consumption. Since our results show an educational gradient in meat consumption and attitudes, public health and environmental campaigns should focus on the less-educated groups, encouraging them to reduce meat intake and fostering more sustainable attitudes.
Ključne besede: dietary patterns, education, sustainability, attitudes, meat, animals
Objavljeno v DKUM: 12.04.2024; Ogledov: 223; Prenosov: 22
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5. Distrustful, dissatisfied, and conspiratorial : a latent profile analysis of COVID-19 vaccination rejectionMonika Lamot, Katja Kerman, Andrej Kirbiš, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Trust in science and scientists, satisfaction with the national government, and endorsement of conspiracy theories are important factors in the decision to be vaccinated. In this study, we investigated whether there are different profiles of individuals depending on the above factors and whether they differ in their sociodemographic composition. We used data from Round 10 of the European Social Survey for Slovenia, employing a nationally representative sample of 1252 participants. Based on latent profile analysis, three distinct profiles emerged: Profile 1 expressed moderate trust in science, satisfaction with government, and high endorsement of conspiracies; Profile 2 expressed low trust and satisfaction and moderate endorsement of conspiracies; Profile 3 expressed high trust and satisfaction and low beliefs in conspiracy theories. In addition, Profile 3 expressed the strongest support for vaccination and Profile 2 the lowest. Our results suggest that distrust, dissatisfaction, and the presence of conspiracy theories are the “perfect storm” for vaccination rejection. In contrast, despite conspiracy theories, a certain level of trust and satisfaction may reduce vaccination rejection.
Ključne besede: trust, science, government, COVID-19 vaccination, latent profile analysis
Objavljeno v DKUM: 12.04.2024; Ogledov: 204; Prenosov: 24
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6. Ideological differences in COVID-19 vaccine intention : the effects of trust in the healthcare system, in complementary and alternative medicine, and perceived threat from the diseaseMonika Lamot, Katja Kerman, Andrej Kirbiš, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Introduction: Politically left-leaning individuals are more likely to get vaccinated against COVID-19, although little is known about the mechanisms underlying the ideological differences in vaccination intentions. Understanding the extent to which trust in the healthcare system, in complementary and alternative medicine, and the perceived threat from the disease contribute to these disparities is crucial, as it could inform targeted interventions to address vaccine hesitancy across the political spectrum. Methods: The present cross-sectional study conducted among adults living in Slovenia (n = 858) examined the mediating role of trust in the healthcare system, trust in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and the perceived threat from the virus on COVID-19 vaccination intention. Results: We found that leftist ideology and trust in the healthcare system positively predicted vaccination intention, whereas CAM negatively predicted this intention. In addition, left-leaning individuals expressed greater trust in the healthcare system and lower trust in CAM, resulting in higher levels of COVID-19 vaccination intention. The serial mediation model confirmed that trust in CAM was a negative predictor, while trust in the healthcare system positively predicted perceived threat. Discussion: When dealing with vaccine hesitancy among right-oriented individuals, strategies should focus on enhancing trust in the healthcare system and critically evaluating the reliance on CAM.
Ključne besede: vaccine hesitancy, political ideology, percieved threat, trust, healthcare system, complementary medicine, alternative medicine
Objavljeno v DKUM: 08.04.2024; Ogledov: 293; Prenosov: 15
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7. Multilevel analysis of COVID-19 vaccination intention : the moderating role of economic and cultural country characteristicsMonika Lamot, Andrej Kirbiš, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Predictors of COVID-19 (coronavirus) vaccination have been extensively researched; however, the contextual factors contributing to understanding vaccination intention remain largely unexplored. The present study aimed to investigate the moderating role of economic development (Gross domestic product - GDP per capita), economic inequality (Gini index), the perceived corruption index and Hofstede’s measurements of cultural values—index of individualism/collectivism and power distance index—in the relationship between determinants of satisfaction with the healthcare system, trust in political institutions, conspiracy beliefs and COVID-19 vaccination intention. Methods: A multilevel modelling approach was employed on a sample of approximately 51 000 individuals nested within 26 countries. Data were drawn from the European Social Survey Round 10. The model examined the effect of individual- and country-level predictors and their interaction on vaccination intention. Results: Satisfaction with the healthcare system had a stronger positive effect on intention to get vaccinated in countries with lower perceived corruption and more individualistic countries. Trust in political institutions had a stronger positive effect on vaccination intention in countries with higher economic development and lower perceived corruption, while a negative effect of conspiracy beliefs on vaccination intention was stronger in countries with lower economic development, higher perceived corruption and a more collectivistic cultural orientation. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of considering individual and contextual factors when addressing vaccination intention.
Ključne besede: COVID-19 vaccination intention, multilevel analyses, satisfaction with the health system, trust in political institutions, conspiracy beliefs
Objavljeno v DKUM: 08.04.2024; Ogledov: 288; Prenosov: 22
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8. Dejavniki stališč do cepljenja po svetu in v Sloveniji: raziskava mešanih metodMonika Lamot, 2020, magistrsko delo Opis: Kljub pozitivnim učinkom cepljenja se javno zaupanje v cepljenje zmanjšuje, kar vodi do zmanjševanja učinkovitosti programov cepljenja. Namen magistrskega dela je bil preučiti dejavnike, povezane s stališči do cepljenja v Sloveniji in po svetu. Uporabili smo pristop mešanih metod in dejavnike stališč do cepljenja preverjali v okviru nacionalnega reprezentativnega vzorca SJM 2016/1 (n = 1070), lastne spletne ankete (n = 661) in polstrukturiranih intervjujev (n = 4). Na nacionalnem reprezentativnem vzorcu se je izkazalo, da so prebivalci Slovenije, ki izražajo pozitivna stališča do cepljenja, v povprečju starejši, v večji meri zaupajo v varnost cepiv, menijo, da so poučeni o koristih in tveganjih cepiv ter bolj verjetno povedo, da niso imeli negativnih učinkov po cepljenju. V spletni anketi z večjim podvzorcem negativnih stališč do cepljenja se je izkazalo, da je zavračanje cepiv povezano z nižjim zaupanjem v zdravstveni sistem, pozitivnimi stališči do komplementarne in alternativne medicine, politično libertarnostjo in višjim socioekonomskim statusom. V polstrukturiranih intervjujih se je izkazalo, da intervjuvanci/-ke izpostavljajo in zagovarjajo svobodno odločanje o cepljenju otrok, izražajo pozitivna stališča do komplementarne in alternativne medicine ter izražajo dvom in strah pred stranskimi učinki cepiv. Na podlagi rezultatov podamo priporočila političnim in javnozdravstvenim odločevalcem glede pristopov do oklevanja pred cepljenjem.
Ključne besede: stališča do cepljenja, dejavniki stališč do cepljenja, oklevanje pred cepljenjem
Objavljeno v DKUM: 05.03.2020; Ogledov: 1990; Prenosov: 627
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