1. Pregled najpogostejših patogenov, ki se prenašajo s hranoČliresa Saramati, 2025, master's thesis Abstract: Uvod: Patogeni mikroorganizmi iz rodov Escherichia, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Clostridium, Listeria monocytogenes in norovirusi so glavni povzročitelji številnih bolezni, ki se prenašajo s hrano, s simptomi, kot so vročina, glavobol, slabost, bruhanje, bolečine v trebuhu in driska. Namen magistrskega dela je bil raziskati in opredeliti najpogostejše patogene, ki povzročajo okužbe s hrano, ter razumevanje učinkovitih načinov za preprečevanje in obvladovanje teh okužb pri posamezniku.
Metode: Pri izdelavi magistrskega dela smo uporabili sistematični pregled literature. Literaturo smo iskali v podatkovnih bazah PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Scinece in Science Direct. Uporabili smo znanstveno literaturo, ki ni starejša od desetih let in je dostopna v obsegu celotnega besedila.
Razultati: V analizo smo vključili deset člankov. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da so najpogostejši bakterijski patogeni, odgovorni za okužbe s hrano, Salmonela spp., Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium perfringens in Escherichia coli. Za preprečevanje teh okužb so ključni higiena, ustrezna temperatura pri kuhanju in skladiščenju ter izobraževanje javnosti o varni prehrani.
Razprava in zaključek: Pregled najpogostejših patogenov, ki se prenašajo s hrano, poudarja potrebo po doslednem upoštevanju higienskih ukrepov za zmanjšanje tveganja okužb. Ozaveščanje in izobraževanje o varni pripravi in shranjevanju hrane je ključno za preprečevanje zdravstvenih težav, ki jih ti patogeni lahko povzročijo.
Keywords: okužbe s hrano, preprečevanje, higienski standardi, zdravstveno tveganje
Published in DKUM: 06.05.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 15
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2. Perceptions of patient safety culture among triage nurses in the emergency department : a cross-sectional studyZvonka Fekonja, Sergej Kmetec, Nataša Mlinar Reljić, Jožica Černe Kolarič, Majda Pajnkihar, Matej Strnad, 2023, original scientific article Abstract: The patient safety culture is key to ensuring patient safety in healthcare organizations. The triage environment is inherently demanding for patient safety and is characterized by high stress, rapid decision-making, and quick action. In several countries, including Slovenia, there is a lack of studies on the patient safety culture among triage nurses. This study aimed to assess the perceptions of the patient safety culture among triage nurses. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The Emergency Medical Services-Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, distributed to triage nurses, was used to collect data. A total of 201 triage nurses participated in this study. The results revealed that the overall average perception of the patient safety culture was 57.27% (SD = 57.27), indicating that the perception of the patient safety culture among triage nurses in the emergency department was non-positive and requires improvement. “Job Satisfaction” received the highest score (63.18%; SD = 17.19), while “Working Conditions” received the lowest (49.91%; SD = 17.37). The perception of positive and negative safety culture responses was statistically significant for age (χ2 (3) = 17.750, p ≤ 0.001), education (χ2 (2) = 6.957, p = 0.031) and length of working experience (χ2 (3) = 8.875, p = 0.031). The findings emphasize the significance of improving the safety culture in relation to several areas of patient care during the triage process. This research serves as a crucial foundation for enhancing patient safety in triage, providing quality care, and reducing adverse events.
Keywords: triage, patient safety, perception, safety management, emergency medical services
Published in DKUM: 07.04.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 1
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3. Intervencije za preprečevanje pooperativnega ileusa pri pacientu po radikalni cistektomijiMateja Trstenjak, 2024, undergraduate thesis Abstract: Uvod: Rak sečnega mehurja je eden izmed najpogosteje diagnosticiranih rakastih bolezni pri moških, glavni dejavnik tveganja pa je kajenje tobaka. Radikalna cistektomija je standard zdravljenja pri mišično invazivni obliki raka sečnega mehurja. Zaradi obsežne manipulacije s črevesjem je eden izmed najpogostejših zapletov pooperativni ileus.
Metode: Zaključno delo je temeljilo na opisni metodi dela, pregledano strokovno literaturo smo pridobili iz elektronskih baz CINAHL, PubMed, Sage in Web of Science. Pri tem smo upoštevali vključitvene in izključitvene kriterije ter sam potek iskanja literature prikazali z diagramom poteka po smernicah PRISMA. Za oceno kakovosti izbranih študij smo uporabili hierarhijo dokazov v osmih stopnjah. Opravili smo tematsko analizo in sintezo podatkov.
Rezultati: V zaključno delo smo vključili 10 raziskav. Izkazalo se je, da na stopnjo pooperativnega ileusa in rezultate okrevanja vplivajo prehranska podpora, analgetične tehnike in perioperativna oskrba.
Razprava in zaključek: Za preprečevanje pooperativnega ileusa je ključnega pomena prepoznavanje dejavnikov tveganja, vključevanje farmakoloških, prehranskih in perioperativnih strategij ter zgodnja mobilizacija.
Keywords: pooperativni ileus, radikalna cistektomija, rak sečnega mehurja
Published in DKUM: 07.04.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 114
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4. Pomen duhovne in psihosocialne podpore pacientom s kronično obstruktivno pljučno boleznijo in njihovim družinamNastja Mihajlović, 2024, master's thesis Abstract: Uvod: Kronična obstruktivna pljučna bolezen je kompleksna bolezen in za paciente ter njihove družine povzroča poleg fizičnih simptomov tudi čustveno in psihološko breme. Zaradi tega je duhovna in psihološka podpora izjemno pomembna. Pregled literature je bil izveden z namenom ugotavljanja, kakšno podporo si želijo ljudje s kronično obstruktivno pljučno boleznijo in njihove družine.
Metode: Za pregled znanstvene literature v angleškem jeziku smo uporabili podatkovne baze Medline, PubMed, SAGE in Science Direct. PRISMA diagram smo uporabili za prikaz pregleda in izbire člankov. Kakovost člankov smo ocenili z orodji Joanna Briggs Institute in The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Podatke smo predstavili opisno, povzemajoč skupne značilnosti literature, za sintezo rezultatov pa smo uporabili narativni opis.
Rezultati: Oblikovali smo glavno kategorijo: celostna podpora pacientom s KOPB in njihovim družinam, s podkategorijo sekundarnega nivoja: psihosocialna in duhovna podpora, ki vključuje tri podkategorije primarnega nivoja: čustveno in psihološko podporo, duhovno podporo ter socialno podporo.
Razprava in sklep: Za izboljšanje kakovosti življenja je ključnega pomena celostna podpora, vključno s psihosocialno in duhovno podporo. Pomembna je tudi zgodnja integracija paliativne oskrbe. Zgodnja uporaba na osebo osredotočene paliativne oskrbe pozitivno vpliva na kakovost življenja, simptome in pacientove poglede na oskrbo.
Keywords: duhovna podpora, psihosocialna podpora, kronična obstruktivna pljučna bolezen, družina
Published in DKUM: 21.01.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 115
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5. Uporaba ocenjevalnih lestvic za nevrološko oceno bolnika z ishemično možgansko kapjo v predbolnišničnem okoljuRebeka Pečnik, 2024, master's thesis Abstract: Uvod: Možganska kap je globalni zdravstveni problem, ki je vodilni vzrok invalidnosti in drugi najpogostejši vzrok smrti po vsem svetu. Zgodnje prepoznavanje simptomov je ključno za zmanjšanje tveganja trajnih poškodb. Uporaba predbolnišničnih presejalnih orodij lahko pomaga pri hitrejši obravnavi in oskrbi. Zgodnja prepoznava in zdravljenje možganske kapi bistveno izboljša izid in rehabilitacijo bolnikov. Pomembna je ozaveščenost javnosti in ustrezna usposobljenost zdravstvenega osebja za prepoznavanje simptomov, kar omogoča hitrejšo oskrbo in zmanjšuje tveganje za trajne posledice.
Metode: Izvedli smo sistematični pregled literature z metodo pregleda, analize in sinteze ter metodo kompilacije. Iskanje je potekalo v različnih podatkovnih bazah. Končni izbor člankov smo ocenili z orodjem Joanna Briggs Institutes.
Rezultati: Skupno smo pridobili 406 zadetkov. Po odstranitvi duplikatov ter pregledu naslovov in povzetkov smo izbrali 12 člankov za končno analizo. Za prikaz poteka pregleda literature smo uporabili PRISMA-diagram. Končni nabor člankov smo razvrstili po hierarhiji dokazov ter jih kritično ocenili.
Razprava in zaključek: Raziskave o prepoznavanju možganske kapi v predbolnišničnem okolju so pokazale kompleksnost tega področja. Za to se uporabljajo različne lestvice, vsaka s svojimi prednostmi in omejitvami. Pomembno je izobraževanje izvajalcev za učinkovito uporabo teh orodij.
Keywords: možganska kap, lestvice za nevrološko oceno bolnika, predbolnišnično okolje
Published in DKUM: 06.01.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 51
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6. Urgentni kardiovaskularni zapleti po cepljenju proti COVIDU-19Aljaž Malec, 2024, master's thesis Abstract: Uvod: Ob množični uporabi cepiv proti COVIDU-19 se je izkazalo, da se pri nekaterih cepljenjih pojavljajo tudi nevarni kardiovaskularni neželeni učinki. S pomočjo pregleda literature smo želeli raziskati urgentne kardiovaskularne zaplete po cepljenju proti COVIDU-19.
Metode: Izvedli smo pregled, analizo ter sintezo literature, pridobljene v mednarodnih podatkovnih bazah PubMed, MEDLINE, SAGE in Web of Science. Vključili smo polno dostopne znanstvene pregledne članke v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku, brez časovne omejitve, ki so vključevale ljudi. S pomočjo PRISMA diagrama smo prikazali potek pregleda. Vključene raziskave smo prikazali v evalvacijski tabeli, jih kritično ovrednotili s pomočjo evalvacijskega orodja JBI ter izvedli opisno sintezo.
Rezultati: V analizo smo vključili 21 raziskav, 8 sistematičnih pregledov in 13 narativnih pregledov. Medtem ko ima večina cepljenih posameznikov ničelne ali blage neželene učinke, obstajajo dokazi, ki kažejo, da lahko majhno skupino cepljenih posameznikov prizadenejo pomembni urgentni kardiovaskularni zapleti.
Diskusija in zaključek: Naš pregled omogoča vpogled v povezavo med cepljenjem proti COVIDU-19 in pojavnostjo urgentnih kardiovaskularnih zapletov, vendar ima določene omejitve. Velik del pregledane literature sestavljajo narativni in nesistematični pregledi, ki so informativni, a lahko vsebujejo subjektivnost in pomanjkanje stroge metodologije. To je vplivalo na celovitost in uravnoteženost naših ugotovitev, saj bi sistematični pregledi in metaanalize zagotovili močnejše in objektivnejše dokaze o varnosti in neželenih učinkih cepiva proti COVIDU-19.
Keywords: cepljenje, COVID-19, urgentni kardiovaskularni zapleti, cepiva proti COVIDU-19
Published in DKUM: 11.12.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 48
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7. Reduced susceptibility and increased resistance of bacteria against disinfectants : a systematic reviewUrška Rozman, Marko Pušnik, Sergej Kmetec, Darja Duh, Sonja Šostar-Turk, 2021, review article Abstract: Disinfectants are used to reduce the concentration of pathogenic microorganisms to a safe level and help to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases. However, bacteria have a tremendous ability to respond to chemical stress caused by biocides, where overuse and improper use of disinfectants can be reflected in a reduced susceptibility of microorganisms. This review aims to describe whether mutations and thus decreased susceptibility to disinfectants occur in bacteria during disinfectant exposure. A systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted with the databases PubMed, Science Direct and Web of Science. For the final analysis, 28 sources that remained of interest were included. Articles describing reduced susceptibility or the resistance of bacteria against seven different disinfectants were identified. The important deviation of the minimum inhibitory concentration was observed in multiple studies for disinfectants based on triclosan and chlorhexidine. A reduced susceptibility to disinfectants and potentially related problems with antibiotic resistance in clinically important bacterial strains are increasing. Since the use of disinfectants in the community is rising, it is clear that reasonable use of available and effective disinfectants is needed. It is necessary to develop and adopt strategies to control disinfectant resistance.
Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, susceptibility, disinfectants, bacteria
Published in DKUM: 09.12.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 11
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8. Long-term impact of community psychiatric care on quality of life amongst people living with schizophrenia : a systematic reviewJožica Černe Kolarič, Anja Plemenitaš Ilješ, Darja Kraner, Vida Gönc, Mateja Lorber, Nataša Mlinar Reljić, Zvonka Fekonja, Sergej Kmetec, 2024, review article Abstract: The review examines the long-term impact of community psychiatric care on improving the quality of life of people with schizophrenia. It addresses the global burden of this disorder and the need for effective community-based care strategies. A systematic literature search was conducted in databases such as CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science, Sage and ScienceDirect, with the search lasting until March 2024 and following the PRISMA guidelines. The inclusion criteria targeted studies that addressed the long-term effects of community mental health care for people aged 18 years and older with schizophrenia and included both quantitative and qualitative research designs. Studies unrelated to the research question or with significant methodological flaws were excluded. The risk of bias was assessed using GRADE and GRADECERqual, in addition to critical appraisal using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklists. Independent screening and data extraction was performed, with results summarised by thematic analysis. In total, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria and included cross-sectional, cohort, qualitative and randomised controlled trial designs. The results showed that community psychiatric care significantly improves the quality of life, well-being and social integration of people with schizophrenia. Effective interventions identified include psychoeducation, cognitive behavioural therapy, social skills training and individualised care plans. However, challenges such as limited resources, labour shortages and social stigma, particularly in low-income neighbourhoods, were also identified. This study highlights the importance of continuous, personalised, multidisciplinary community-based care for sustainable mental health outcomes. Further research is recommended to investigate the long-term impact and strategies to overcome implementation challenges.
Keywords: schizophrenia, quality of life, community, psychiatric care, patient, systematic review
Published in DKUM: 22.11.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 11
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9. Person-centred care: a support strategy for managing non-communicable diseasesMateja Lorber, Nataša Mlinar Reljić, Barbara Kegl, Zvonka Fekonja, Gregor Štiglic, Adam Davey, Sergej Kmetec, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: Background: Over the last decade, the inadequacy and unsustainability of current healthcare services for managing long-term co-morbid and multi-morbid diseases have become evident. Methods: This study, involving 426 adults with at least one non-communicable disease in Slovenia, aimed to explore the link between quality of life, life satisfaction, person-centred care, and non-communicable disease management. Results: Results indicated generally positive perceptions of quality of life, general health, and life satisfaction of individuals with non-communicable diseases. Participants assessed their physical health as the highest of the four quality of life domains, followed by the environment, social relations, and psychological health. Significant differences occurred in life satisfaction, general health, quality of life, and person-centred care for managing non-communicable diseases. But, there were no significant differences in person-centred care according to the living environment. The study revealed a positive association between person-centred care and effective non-communicable disease management, which is also positively associated with quality of life, general health, and life satisfaction. Conclusions: Person-centred care is currently the most compassionate and scientific practice conceived, representing a high ethical standard. However, implementing this approach in healthcare systems requires a cohesive national strategy led by capable individuals to foster stakeholder collaboration. Such an approach is crucial to address the deficiencies of existing healthcare services and ensure person-centred care sustainability in non-communicable disease management.
Keywords: person-centred care, non-communicable disease, quality of life, life satisfaction
Published in DKUM: 22.11.2024; Views: 0; Downloads: 8
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