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Opis: The Master‘s thesis investigates the production of English and German phonemes /r/ in II. Gimnazija Maribor. The students learn English as their first foreign language and German as their second foreign language. In the theoretical part the English, German and Slovenian allophones of /r/ are presented, as well as different phonological processes which concern the pronunciation of /r/. In the empirical part the author presents the research consisting of production test in English and German. Furthermore, the author evaluates the hypotheses and summarizes the results.
Ključne besede: sound /r/, English, German, phonetics, phonology
Objavljeno v DKUM: 04.04.2024; Ogledov: 218; Prenosov: 33
Celotno besedilo (6,41 MB)

Opis: This master’s thesis examines five selected TED Talks by using Martin and White’s Appraisal Theory (2005). TED Talks are a specific form of speech which has spread worldwide with live TED events and even videos online since the first organised TED event in 1984. The theoretical background of this master’s thesis covers mainly Martin and White’s Appraisal Theory (2005), although it does include the views of other researchers, including Mary Macken-Horarik and Anne Isaac, as well as Geoff Thompson, on appraisal analysis as well. Furthermore, it encompasses a short overview of discourse analysis and systemic functional linguistics, as this is the theoretical framework from which Appraisal Theory has evolved. The empirical part includes the analysis of appraisal in the five selected TED Talks, chosen based on the assigned tag on the official TED web page. The selected TED Talks are: “Why I'm Done Trying to Be ‘Man Enough’” by Justin Baldoni; “Dare to Refuse the Origin Myths That Claim Who You Are” by Chetan Bhatt; “How Changing Your Story Can Change Your Life” by Lori Gottlieb; “My Year of Saying Yes to Everything” by Shonda Rhimes; and “Your Brain Hallucinates Your Conscious Reality” by Anil Seth. The appraisal model explores the speaker/writer’s evaluation of certain occurrences, concepts and people in a form of his/her emotional responses, judgement and appreciation. Furthermore, it studies the speaker/writer’s positioning to alternative viewpoints and alignment with the text’s point of view. The aim of this thesis is to observe the use of appraisals in a contemporary form of a public speech, i.e. TED Talks. The further objective of this thesis is also to detect typical patterns in appraisal use within the genre of public speaking, specifically, within TED Talks which are known to have a set form and common features that distinguish them from other forms of speeches or academic lectures. Thus, this thesis aims to research ways in which the speakers of the selected TED Talks express themselves with the use of appraisals. Since all but one of the chosen five TED Talks are tagged as ‘Personal Growth’ on the official TED web page, the purpose of the research is also to see whether there are any differences in appraisal use, more specifically in the use of affect between the TED Talks tagged as ‘Personal Growth’ and the one which is not tagged as such and may therefore be more objective in its nature. Besides exploring attitudinal resources, the thesis also observes the occurrence of graduation resources and their prevalence, as well as the ways the speakers engage with their audience and their prevalence. The appraisal analysis of the selected TED Talks has proved the use of all attitudinal resources in the delivery of these talks. Furthermore, the analysis has shown that the chosen topics of TED Talks have an influence on the speakers’ use of attitudes. Affect has a prominent role in most talks, however, the more the speaker tries to stay unbiased and objective, the more she or he avoids affect in relation to her-/himself and turns to appreciation. In addition, the speakers of the selected TED Talks tend to use graduation heavily in their narrative, force being the predominant graduation resource in all selected talks. Even though the analysis of engagement resources in the selected TED Talks showed the presence of dialogically expansive expressions to be more common in four out of five examined TED Talks, dialogically contractive expressions also occur frequently in the speakers’ narratives, revealing the speakers’ attempt to balance welcoming of alternative viewpoints and at the same time maintain self-assurance in their knowledge and beliefs by restricting other voices.
Ključne besede: Appraisal, TED Talks, Evaluation, Appraisal Analysis, Discourse Analysis
Objavljeno v DKUM: 20.12.2021; Ogledov: 1336; Prenosov: 155
Celotno besedilo (2,23 MB)

Opis: Connection between modality in the English language and pragmatics is a matter of extensive debate as it often seems there is no concrete way of establishing a sensible correlation between modality that an utterance contains and its pragmatic function, which is due to numerous issues pertaining to different accounts of both modality and speech act theory. Traditional view of modality splits modal verbs into three categories: epistemic, deontic and dynamic (also known as simple root modality). The problem with this view is that there is no way of determining whether a certain modal verb is used in epistemic, deontic, or dynamic sense as most modals can serve any of the three functions, therefore explaining modality within this framework is highly ambiguous even when relying on broader context of the utterance containing a certain modal. Traditional view of speech acts, on the other hand, divides them into locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary speech acts. Yet it would seem that all modalities pertain only to illocutionary speech acts, as they are the ones that express speaker's intentions, which are most heavily influenced by modality. The connection between traditionalist accounts is therefore quite impossible. A more contemporary view splits speech acts into assertive, commissive, constative, directive and imperative speech acts, while we may consider locution, illocution and perlocution to be aspects of these speech acts, rather than separate categories. In these case, different modalities may be connected to different speech acts, but the ambiguity that traditional view of modality contains persists into any attempt to draw the connection between modality and speech act. Therefore, an alternative account of modality is required. Two well-known such accounts are polysemic and monosemic views of modality. Polysemic views claim that every lexeme (in our case, a modal verb) may possess several semantic meanings, while monosemic views maintain that every lexeme can be defined in the sense of a single meaning. Reviewing polysemic accounts shows that their reliance on multiple meanings and definitions for every lexeme leads to similar ambiguities as the traditional view of modality, and can therefore not be used in our efforts. Monosemic views, however, differ greatly from one another. While some accounts have been shown to be inadequate, Groefsema’s 1995 account serves the required purpose. The author defines each modal verb in the sense of the proposition expressed by the modal and an additional minimal set of propositions that supports the use of that particular modal. Kissine (2013) similarly defines speech acts, thus a correlation between modal verbs and speech acts may be established. Finally, we attempt to show that each modal verb with a particular minimal set of supporting propositions can only feature in one type of speech act, thus also defining the speech act within which it is contained.
Ključne besede: Pragmatics, modality, speech acts, epistemic, deontic, dynamic, assertives, commissives, constatives, directives, imperatives, polysemy, monosemy
Objavljeno v DKUM: 16.09.2020; Ogledov: 1215; Prenosov: 116
Celotno besedilo (355,48 KB)

Opis: Komunikacija je kakršnokoli verbalno ali neverbalno vedenje, ki ga zazna neka druga oseba. Namen magistrske naloge je proučiti komunikacijski proces v šoli in v povezavi s komunikacijo proučiti učenje angleškega jezika ob študiju relevantne strokovne literature in raziskati, kako poteka poučevanje angleškega jezika v šoli. Cilji magistrske naloge so proučiti modele komunikacijskega procesa v šoli; oblike komunikacije; komunikacijske kompetence učitelja; zgodovino učenja tujih jezikov. V magistrski nalogi je bila izvedena raziskava z namenom raziskati, kako poteka poučevanje angleškega jezika v šoli. Za raziskavo je bila uporabljena kvantitativna metoda dela – anketa. Anketiranje je potekalo elektronsko preko odprto kodne aplikacije za spletno anketiranje 1ka.si. V raziskavi je bilo vključenih 43 učiteljic tujega jezika iz goriških osnovnih šol. Starostna struktura anketiranih se giblje od 31 do 55 let. Največ, kar 35 anketiranih, ima končano univerzitetno izobrazbo. Največ, kar 10 anketiranih, ima 21 let delovne dobe. Iz rezultatov je razvidno, da učitelji/učiteljice pri pouku, da bi si učenci snov hitreje zapomnili, pogosto uporabljajo gibanje – neverbalno komunikacijo. Zaključimo lahko, da je verbalna komunikacija enakovredna neverbalni komunikaciji. V 65,1 % dobijo učitelji od učencev pričakovane informacije. Učiteljeva vloga pri poučevanju angleškega jezika je zelo pomembna v 51,2 % in pomembna v 48,8 %. Nihče od učiteljev ni izrazil mnenja, da njegova vloga pri učenju angleškega jezika ni pomembna ali je srednje pomembna. 81,4 % anketiranih meni, da imajo učni materiali pomembno vlogo pri poučevanju angleškega jezika. Vsi anketirani trdijo, da ima uporaba gibalnih iger, pesmi, zgodb in predstavitev besedišča pri pouku prednosti pri poučevanju.
Ključne besede: Komunikacija, komunikacijski pristop, verbalna komunikacija, neverbalna komunikacija, poučevanje
Objavljeno v DKUM: 27.08.2019; Ogledov: 1831; Prenosov: 267
Celotno besedilo (561,43 KB)

Opis: In the thesis we write about English as a global language and the process of teaching it using a special in-company method. Learning a language differs from person to person, and even more from adults to children. When it comes to teaching English as a foreign language, we can use different approaches and methods, from conventional to alternative ones. There are many ways for people to learn a foreign language – it can be by themselves using different books, audio-visual material or apps, or by taking classes with an English teacher. Browsing through numerous job ads for English teacher vacancies one can easily notice there is a preference of native speaking teachers. Why are native speakers, that potentially do not even have any teaching certificates, more valued than non-native teachers with pedagogical background? Spain is one of the countries where English is not vastly spoken; a situation which in the past few years have been slightly changing for the better as more and more people sign up for English courses to learn English for different purposes (most common are work, travelling or themselves). One of the companies that offer English courses all over Spain is Vaughan Systems where teaching evolves around an autonomous method developed by an American, Richard Vaughan. In the thesis we introduce the method and Vaughan teachers’ opinion on it regarding their workload, pedagogical background and textbook assessment and comparing the results based on the teachers’ native speaker status and the time they have been working for the company.
Ključne besede: English teaching, language learning, adults, non-native speaking teachers, native speaking teachers, Vaughan, Spain
Objavljeno v DKUM: 11.02.2019; Ogledov: 1660; Prenosov: 82
Celotno besedilo (1,04 MB)