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Opis: Navadno izdelujejo upore s pozitivnim temperaturnim koeficientom upornosti (PTK-upore) s sintranjem nizko donorsko dopiranega ▫$BaTiO_3$▫ na zraku. Koncentracija donorja ne sme preseči kritične velikosti (-0,3 mol.% med sintranjem na zraku), ki povzroči zaustavitev pretirane rasti zrn med sintranjem. S sintranjem v redukcijski atmosferi lahko povišamo kritično koncentracijo donorja, in tako dobimo močno donorsko dopiran ▫$BaTiO_3$▫ z grobo zrnato mikrostrukturo. V grobo zrnatem ▫$BaTiO_3$▫ lahko s poznejšo reoksidacijo z žganjem na zraku uravnavamo PTKU-efekt. V tem delu so predstavljeni rezultati raziskave PTKU-efekta v keramikah ▫$BaTiO_3$▫, dopiranih s koncentracijami La od o do 20 ml.%. Vzorci so bili sintrani v redukcijski mešanici ▫$N_2$▫ z 1 % ▫$H_2$▫ in pozneje reoksidirani z žganjem na zraku.
Ključne besede: polprevodni ▫$BaTiO_3$▫, donorsko dopiranje, električne lastnosti, PTKU-efekt, mikrostruktura
Objavljeno v DKUM: 27.07.2017; Ogledov: 1143; Prenosov: 106
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Opis: The effect of strength mismatch for welded joints performed with different geometries on the yielding constraint has been investigated in the context of single-edged fracture-toughness specimens subjected to bending SE(B) using the finite-element method. The crack was located in the centre of the weld. Two geometri cal parameters have been identified as being the most important: the crack-Iength ratio a/W and the sIenderness of the welded joint (W-a)/H. They were systematically varied as follows: a/W = 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; 0.5 and W = 2H, 4H, 8H, 16H, 24H. Basic equations and plane-strain finite-element solutions for the overmatched SE(B) specimen with all configuration combinations are given. The results are in good agreement with those in literature. This paper aims to establish yield-Ioad solutions for the same weldment configurations, but with materials dissimilarity present within the weld. This situation is usually encountered during repair welding. For this purpose, a practical combination of filler materials, with the same portion of overmatched part with M = 1.19 and undermatched part with M = 0.86, has been selected. Plane-strain solutions for the heterogeneous weld with the cracklocated in the overmatched half were obtained. The influence of the yielding-constraint key parameters has al so been evaluated. Yield-Ioad results for the specimens performed with different weld widths have the greatest scattering for the a/W = 0.5. The transition from the overmatched to the undermatched solution with increasing H is evident. On the other hand, the behaviour of the specimen with a shallow crack is dictated by the overmatch region ahead of the crack tip and depends very little on the weld slenderness. An approximated 3-D area of the yield-Ioad solutions depending ona/W and (W-a)lH has been proposed. Furthermore, the stress triaxility parameter h has been calculated using 2-D and 3-D finite-element analysis, and given as a field in the spec imen to get an insight into yielding-constraint regions. It was found that the 3-D yield-Ioad solutions are very close to the plane-strain solutions. Also, the effect of a/W on the yielding constraint is more significant than the effect of Mand (W-a)/H.
Ključne besede: welded structures, welded joints, fracture mechanics, cracks, SE(B) specimens, yielding load, yielding constraint parameters
Objavljeno v DKUM: 06.04.2017; Ogledov: 1488; Prenosov: 122
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Opis: Fe- and steel-based powder metallurgy (P/M) products, such as steel gears, spurs, locking mechanisms, porous filters, sliding bearings and bushes, as well as other machine parts and structural elements, are mainly produced with the so-called conventional sintering technology. It is the most efficient technology for the mass production of small, complex, functional and structural parts. Therefore, it is the most convenient and popular among all of the P/M technologies. The most important end-user of sintered parts is the automotive industry. However, small, complex, sintered parts can also be frequently used in the furniture and household industries, precise mechanics, articles for recreation and sports. A fine, iron-based powder mixture or prealloyed powder is first automatically uniaxial-die compacted (ADC) into the final shape of the product with a mechanical or hydraulic press and then sintered in a protective atmosphere at approximately 1100 °C. The metal powder mixture must have the appropriate engineering properties given by the chemistry and particle morphology, enabling a fast and reliable die-compaction process. The most important are a high tap density, a good powder flowability and a low compressibility. All this gives the green compacts an appropriate final shape with a smooth surface, a relatively high and uniform green density, as well as a green strength without internal flaws and cracks. In the case of very small two-or-more-heights products, for example, spur gears with a low module, it is very difficult to obtain a uniform green density at acceptable compaction pressures. Often small cracks are formed at height crossings and big differences in the green density appear in smaller or thinner regions. In the frame of our investigation we analysed the influence of the selected prealloyed commercial iron powder’s morphology and its technological properties on automatic die compaction, as well as the sintering process in the case of small two-level sintered gear dimensions of 5/40–7/10×7mm with module m = 0.5. The original iron powder was sieved and the finest powder particle fraction (< 45 µm) was compared with the original powder mixture considering ADC and sintering process. It was found that the selection of the finer powder mixture could not contribute to the improvement in the overall ADC process, as well as a better green compact. In the present paper the results of our investigations are presented and the reasons why a finer powder mixture cannot contribute much to an improvement of the conventional sintering process.
Ključne besede: Fe-based alloy powders, particles, morphology, microstructure, automatic die compaction, sintering
Objavljeno v DKUM: 27.03.2017; Ogledov: 1428; Prenosov: 373
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Opis: A nitrogen laser beam (337 nm, 6 ns (FWHM), (3.2 [plus minus] 0.2) mJ) was focused with a quartz lens (f = 100 mm) onto an aluminium target in air at normal pressure. The laser irradiation and plasma explosion caused a modification to the Al surface and the deposition of a thin film (droplets) onto a glassy carbon plate. The irradiated target and the deposited material were studied with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a focused-ion-beam (FIB) device. A crater surrounded by a rim was produced on the spot of maximum irradiation on the aluminium target. The crater, very deep in comparison to its width and thickness, was presumably caused by the Kelvin-Helmholtz and the Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities. The temperatures of the electron and the massive particles were explained.
Ključne besede: aluminium, laser ablation, thin film deposition, instabilities, temperatures
Objavljeno v DKUM: 23.03.2017; Ogledov: 1622; Prenosov: 121
Celotno besedilo (324,07 KB)
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Opis: Nanocrystalline nickel-zinc ferrites were synthesized via a reverse micelle microemulsion route. The precursor cations were precipitated in the microemulsion system CTAB/1-hexanol/water. A subsequent oxidizing reaction was used to synthesize the nickel-zinc ferrite. The obtained nanoparticles were less than 20 nm in size.
Ključne besede: nanomaterials, ferrite, powders synthesis, microemulsion, reverse micelle
Objavljeno v DKUM: 23.03.2017; Ogledov: 1117; Prenosov: 116
Celotno besedilo (109,33 KB)
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