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Abstract: Združena setev je rast dveh ali več vrst rastlin na istem prostoru v istem obdobju. Z združeno setvijo želimo doseči višji pridelek ob izrabi virov, ki jih sicer v posamičnem posevku ni možno izrabiti. V letih 2007 in 2008 je bil na Univerzitetnem kmetijskem centru (UKC) Pohorski dvor izveden poljski poskus združene setve. V poskusu so bile proučevane karakteristike klasov rži (sorta 'Walet') in pšenice. Preizkušene so bile različne sorte pšenice ('Soissons', 'Justus', 'Edison' in 'Pegasus') in razmerja v setvi pšenice (0 %, 25 %, 75 % in 100 % pšenice v strukturi posevka). Glede na rezultate sorta pšenice pomembno vpliva na dolžino klasa ter na maso zrnja na klas pri pšenici, pri rži pa sorta pšenice vpliva na vse merjene parametre klasa rži. Najdaljši klas pri pšenici je izmerjen pri sorti 'Pegasus' (7,5 cm), kjer je ugotovljena tudi najvišja masa zrnja na klas (1,4 g). Setvena razmerja pšenice in rži vplivajo na število zrn na klas pšenice in na maso zrnja na klas pšenice. V primerjavi s čistim posevkom pšenice (30,9) je število zrn na klas pšenice v posevku s 25 % deležem pšenice, kjer je prevladovala rž, značilno nižje (26,1). Pri rži je število klaskov na klas rži pri čistem posevku rži višje, kot pri vseh opazovanih setvenih razmerjih.
Keywords: združena setev / navadna pšenica / rž / sorta / delež
Published in DKUM: 02.02.2015; Views: 2340; Downloads: 174
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Abstract: Mineral je naravno sredstvo za nego in krepitev rastlin, ki vsebuje 75 mineralov, potrebnih za optimalno rast in razvoj rastlin. Namen raziskave je preveriti pozitivni vpliv pripravka na indeterminanten hibrid paradižnika Optima z zalivanjem in foliarno aplikacijo sredstva Mineral zeleni (M1) ter kombinacijo sredstva (Mineral zeleni in Mineral rumeni M2). Poskus je potekal v letih 2010, 2011 in 2012 na UKC Pohorski dvor, obsegal je tri obravnavanja v treh ponovitvah in je bil zasnovan kot naključni blok. Rezultati kažejo, da sta tržni pridelek in število tržnih plodov paradižnika na parcelo v primerjavi s kontrolo statistično značilno večja v obravnavanju M2, medtem ko med M1, kontrolo in M2 ni statistično značilnih razlik. Prav tako so v obravnavanju M2 višji tržni pridelki, povprečna masa plodov in število tržnih plodov v zadnjih terminih pobiranja. Na vsebnost sladkorja v plodovih, trdoto plodov, obarvanosti, fotosintezo in na uvrščanje v kakovostne razrede obravnavanji M1 in M2 ne vplivata. Priporočajo se nadaljnje raziskave.
Keywords: paradižnik/ rast/ pridelek/ krepitev rastlin/ nega rastlin
Published in DKUM: 05.03.2014; Views: 2419; Downloads: 131
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Abstract: Pridelovalni sistemi lahko vplivajo na nekatere kakovostne parametre pridelkov. V diplomskem delu je bila analizirana požetvena kakovost pire (Triticum spelta L.) cv. 'Ebners Rotkorn' ki je bila pridelana v letu 2012 na UKC Pohorski dvor v različnih pridelovalnih sistemih: konvencionalni (KONV), integrirani (INT), ekološki (EKO) in biodinamični (BD) ter kontrola (K). Vzorci so bili analizirani na Inštitutu za prehransko tehnologijo v Novem Sadu, z namenom ovrednotiti kakovostne parametre zrnja, moke in testa. Pri tem so bile analize opravljene na, poleg širše uveljavljenih napravah in metodah (Brabender - farinograf, ekstenzograf, amilograf in Chopin - alveograf), tudi z novo analitično reološko metodo (Chopin - mixolab). Rezultati kažejo, da pridelovalni sistem statistično značilno vpliva le na 6 (absolutna masa zrnja, delež zrnja granulacije pri sitih velikosti 2,0 mm, vpijanje vode, čas in navor v fazi C2 ter navor v fazi C5) od 48-ih analiziranih parametrov. Izvedena primerjava parametrov mixolab in parametrov analiziranih z uveljavljenimi napravami kaže čvrste oziroma zelo čvrste korelacije (r > 0,50 in r > 0,75) med parametri navor v fazi C1 in vlažnim glutenom, med stabilnostjo testa in parametri P, W in vlažni gluten, med parametrom navor v fazi C2 in parametroma P/L ter L, med parametrom vpijanjem vode in parametri vsebnost beljakovin, vlažni gluten, gluten v zrnju in s sedimentacijski indeks. Diskriminantna analiza je pokazala segregacijo med posameznimi pridelovalnimi sistemi, kljub temu pa EKO in BD pridelovalna sistema ne dajeta po kakovosti slabših pridelkov v primerjavi s KONV in INT.
Keywords: pira, pridelovalni sistem, kakovost, reologija testa, mixolab
Published in DKUM: 23.09.2013; Views: 2253; Downloads: 266
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Abstract: The present thesis is based on a survey of literature on grain amaranth (i); an experiment aimed at defining allelopathic potential of grain amaranth (ii); pot experiments conducted to determine the effect of various soil and climatic conditions on percentage of live seed emergence (PLSE) and seedling weight of four amaranth species (iii); a pot experiment conducted to study the effect of drought – induced at different phenological stages – on growth, yield performance, and leaf gas exchange (iv); a four-year field experiment conducted to investigate the effects of sowing date and nitrogen fertilisation on yields, protein content and amino acid composition (v); and on experiments with various amaranth-containing composite flours conducted to evaluate the rheological properties of dough (vi), and baking performance and sensory characteristics of resulted breads (vii). The survey of literature summarizes grain amaranth importance, botany, nutritive value and properties of crop processed as food (i). The seeds of garden cress were germinated with aqueous extracts of pigweed (A. retroflexus) and grain amaranth prepared from fresh roots, stems, leaves, and inflorescence with seeds, used either undiluted or at varying concentrations (ii). Although all the extracts delayed germination, leaf extracts of both species and inflorescence extracts of grain amaranth proved the most potent. Compared to pigweed, grain amaranth, which is known for its phytotoxic activity, exerted an even stronger inhibitory effect. The results of pot experiments (iii) revealed that the 15 mm sowing depth gave the highest seedling weight on sand and the highest PLSE on loam. A. caudatus gave the highest PLSE whereas A. cruentus gave the lowest PLSE but the heaviest seedlings. PLSE was severely reduced on the loam where topsoil crusting occurred after a decrease in soil moisture content, but not on the silt loam even when dry conditions were maintained throughout the experiment. PLSE was above 80 % with temperatures > 21 °C. Light regime with 12 h illumination gave the highest PLSE. In the greenhouse pot experiment (iv) amaranth plants were exposed to different soil water regimes: constant adequate moisture (W1), drought throughout the growing period (W2), drought initiated at crop inflorescence formation (W3), drought until inflorescence formation (W4), and drought from the beginning of inflorescence formation to the beginning of flowering (W5). Water shortage during inflorescence formation (W3 and W5) appeared to be critical, but soil drying after sowing until the beginning of inflorescence formation (W4) showed a pronounced ability to restore net photosynthesis, and provoke and improve the assimilate allocation to the aboveground biomass, particularly grain. In the field experiment (v) two sowing dates, May and June, and three target levels of soil mineral nitrogen (Nmin) were tested. There was a lower grain yield, higher protein content in grain, and lower EAA in grain protein of plants sown in June. Nmin target value of 140 kg N ha–1 raised grain yield, protein concentration in grain, and maintained the content of EAA in protein. The composite flours were made by mixing 0, 10, 20, and 30 % (w/w) wholegrain amaranth flours with refined wheat, refined spelt, or wholegrain spelt as basic flours. By increasing the amaranth replacement ratio, the gelatinisation temperature, water absorption, development time, and stability increased, whereas the dough softening was only slight. The amaranth addition strengthened the dough (vi). Composite breads made with 10 % amaranth flour had higher (refined wheat and spelt) or unaltered (wholegrain spelt) volume and specific loaf volume than sole basic flours. Samples made from refined spelt flour and samples with 10 % amaranth addition were considered as good, with slight deviation in quality (vii). According to the information obtained in the scope of investigation, grain amaranth is recognised as a perspective crop suitable for production of highly nutritive food also under our conditions.
Keywords: Amaranthus cruentus, allelopathy, growth, yield, protein, Nmin, amino acids, photosynthesis, drough, composite flours, rheological properties, sensory analysis
Published in DKUM: 23.10.2012; Views: 3469; Downloads: 257
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Abstract: Gojenje industrijske konoplje (Cannabis sativa L. ssp. sativa) ima v Sloveniji in po svetu še vedno negativen prizvok. Razlog za to je sorodnost te rastline z indijsko konopljo (Cannabis sativa L. ssp. indica), ki se vzgaja za pridobivanje droge. To se odraža tudi v zakonodaji, ki nekaterim državam prepoveduje, drugim pa omejuje gojenje konoplje. Namen te raziskave je predstaviti uporabnost in dobičkonosnost pri pridelavi konoplje, ter preveriti vpliv pojavnosti droge, indijske konoplje na pridelavo industrijske konoplje v Sloveniji in po svetu. V analizi so Slovenija, njene sosednje države, ter pomembne države za gojenje konoplje v Evropi in po svetu. Podatki, pridobljeni iz različnih statističnih virov, predstavljajo stanje leta 2010. V svetu je največja pridelovalka industrijske konoplje Kitajska, največje količine zasega indijske konoplje pa beleži Mehika. Tehnika pridelave konoplje je okolju prijazna in s tem primerna v ekološkem kmetijstvu. Konoplja je s svojo vsestransko rabo uporabna in zaželena v vrvarski, papirni in avtomobilski industriji, gradbeništvu, za prehranske in kozmetične namene ter v zdravstvu. Prihodek po hektarju pridelovalne površine se giblje med 1400 in 1700 evri letno, kar je do pet-krat več, kot za koruzo. Vedno večja razširjenost drog in naraščanje odvisnikov od trdih drog po vsem svetu, nakazujeta na indirekten vpliv indijske na pridelavo industrijske konoplje, v Sloveniji in po svetu.
Keywords: industrijska konoplja, alternativna poljščina, uporabnost, pridelava
Published in DKUM: 22.10.2012; Views: 5945; Downloads: 1407
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