1. Učinkovitost uporabe mobilne aplikacije za samooskrbo v vodenju pacienta s sladkorno boleznijo tipa 2Lucija Gosak, 2025, doctoral dissertation Abstract: Uvod: Sladkorna bolezen tipa 2 postaja vse večji javnozdravstveni izziv in zahteva upoštevanje kompleksnega režima zdravljenja. V sodobni zdravstveni oskrbi se poudarja aktivna odgovornost pacientov za samooskrbo bolezni, kar vključuje sprejemanje zdravih življenjskih navad. Z rastjo digitalne tehnologije se povečuje tudi število mobilnih aplikacij, namenjenih samooskrbi. Namen doktorske disertacije je oceniti učinkovitost uporabe mobilne aplikacije za izboljšanje samooskrbe pacientov s sladkorno boleznijo tipa 2.
Metode: Izvedli smo sistematično iskanje mobilnih aplikacij v spletnih trgovinah Google Play Store in iPadian. Funkcije vedenja samooskrbe so bile ocenjene v skladu z okvirjem AADE7, kakovost pa je bila ocenjena z uporabo lestvice uMARS. Uporabili smo dva anketna vprašalnika, "Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory" za oceno samooskrbe in "Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire" za oceno percepcije bolezni, ki sta bila validirana v
pilotni raziskavi. V randomizirani klinični raziskavi smo ocenili vpliv uporabe mobilne aplikacije na izboljšanje samooskrbe, percepcije bolezni in zdravstvenega stanja pacienta. Pred začetkom raziskave in po štirih tednih so pacienti izpolnili oba anketna vprašalnika, ter izvedli klinične meritve. V končnem delu so sledili delno strukturirani intervjuji z medicinskimi sestrami in pacienti.
Rezultati: Mobilna aplikacija forDiabetes: diabetes self-management app je bila izbrana kot najprimernejša za nadaljnjo raziskavo. V pilotni raziskavi je sodelovalo 141 pacientov z diagnosticirano sladkorno boleznijo tipa 2. Svojo samozavest za izvajanje samooskrbe so ocenili z najvišjo povprečno oceno, medtem ko so najnižje ocenili upravljanje samooskrbe. Anketni vprašalnik Self-Care of Diabetes Inventory je bil na podlagi rezultatov pilotne raziskave slabo usklajen z metrikami uporabniškega modela za spremljanje samooskrbe, samozavest in upravljanje samooskrbe, vendar je CFA za vzdrževanje samooskrbe pokazal dobro ujemanje. Cronbachova alfa je pokazala odlične rezultate za samozavest, dobre za spremljanje, sprejemljive za vzdrževanje in šibke za upravljanje samooskrbe. Izračuni za vprašalnik Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire so pokazali visoko stopnjo strinjanja med ocenjevalci in odlično veljavnost vprašanj.
Cronbachova alfa za zanesljivost je bila 0,652, kar kaže na zadovoljivo notranjo skladnost. V glavni raziskavi štiri tedne po uporabi mobilne aplikacije ni bilo mogoče zaznati statistično pomembnega izboljšanja v samooskrbi, percepciji bolezni in kliničnih meritvah. Na podlagi kvalitativnega dela raziskave smo ugotovili, da imajo zdravstveni delavci in pacienti pozitiven pogled na uporabo mobilne aplikacije ter da jim je uporaba pripomogla k večji doslednosti pri spremljanju svoje bolezni in lažji vpogled v meritve. Na podlagi pridobljenih rezultatov smo adaptirali teorijo srednjega obsega za samooskrbo kroničnih bolezni v povezavi z mobilnim zdravjem in dodatno vključili naslednje komponente: znanje, doslednost, karakteristike mobilnega zdravja in mobilne aplikacije, varovanje in integriteta pacientovih podatkov, izidi pri pacientu, priporočene značilnosti in funkcionalnosti mobilne aplikacije ter usmeritve za implementacijo mobilnega zdravja v zdravstveno oskrbo.
Razprava in sklep: V doktorski raziskavi smo ugotovili, da pri pacientih s sladkorno boleznijo tipa 2 prihaja do odstopanj v samooskrbi. Čeprav vključitev mobilnih aplikacij v samooskrbo ni prinesla klinično pomembnih rezultatov, so tako zdravstveni delavci kot pacienti izrazili pozitiven pogled na njihovo uporabo. Ugotovitve raziskave nakazujejo potrebo po uvedbi enotnih smernic, ki bi opredeljevale standarde za uporabo mobilnega
zdravja v vseh zdravstvenih institucijah v državi. Za natančnejšo oceno dolgoročnega učinka uporabe mobilne aplikacije na samooskrbo, percepcijo bolezni in zdravstveno stanje pacientov bi bilo smiselno izvesti raziskave na večjem vzorcu in v daljšem časovnem obdobju.
Keywords: sladkorna bolezen tipa 2, mobilno zdravje, zdravstvene mobilne aplikacije, samooskrba, samoupravljanje bolezni
Published in DKUM: 17.06.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 5
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2. International Scientific Conference »Research and Education in Nursing« : Book of Abstracts, June 5th 2025, Maribor, Slovenia2025, proceedings Abstract: University of Maribor Faculty of Health Sciences is organising the lnternational Scientific Conference "Research and Education in Nursing". It will be held on June 5th 2024 in Maribor and will include the most recent findings of domestic and foreign researchers in nursing and other healthcare fields. The conference aims to explore advances in nursing and health care research as well as research-based education, in the Slovenian and international arena. Furthermore, it will provide an opportunity far practitioners and educators to exchange research evidence, models of best practice and innovative ideas.
Keywords: visokošolsko izobraževanje, zdravstvena nega, zdravstvene vede, konferenca, raziskovanje
Published in DKUM: 04.06.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 171
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3. Uporaba navidezne resničnosti pri vstavitvi perifernega intravenskega katetra pri otrocih in mladostnikihRene Horvat, 2025, undergraduate thesis Abstract: Uvod: Periferni intravenski kateter (PIVK) je še vedno ključni element v sodobnem zdravstvu, saj zagotavlja hiter intravenski dostop v življenjsko ogrožujočih stanjih in omogoča takojšnjo aplikacijo zdravil, tekočin in krvnih pripravkov. Kljub vsestranskosti je vstavitev PIVK še vedno boleč in zahteven postopek, zlasti pri pediatrični populaciji. Navidezna resničnost (NR) se je izkazala za obetavno nefarmakološko metodo za lajšanje bolečine in tesnobe pri otrocih in mladostnikih med postopkom vstavitve PIVK, kar smo raziskali v našem pregledu literature.
Metode: Uporabili smo opisno metodo dela. Iskanje znanstvene literature je potekalo januarja 2024 v mednarodnih podatkovnih bazah: PubMed, CINAHL (with Full Text), Cochrane Library in Science Direct.
Rezultati: Identificirali smo 55 raziskav, v končni pregled smo vključili 10 raziskav, v katerih je bilo skupno vključenih 1566 otrok in mladostnikov, od teh je 696 otrok uporabilo NR. Najmlajši je bil star 2 leti, najstarejši pa 21 let. Povprečna starost otrok, ki so uporabili NR, je 9,34 let. Sedem od 10 raziskav je uporabilo bolečinsko lestvico FPS-R.
Razprava in Zaključek: Raziskave dokazujejo, da uporaba NR pred vstavitvijo PIVK, med njo in po njej zmanjšuje bolečino in anksioznost pri otrocih in mladostnikih. NR pa ne izboljšuje le obvladovanja bolečine in strahu, temveč tudi zadovoljstvo pacientov z obravnavo in izide postopkov. Ker se tehnologija še naprej razvija, ima NR velik potencial, da ta inovativen pristop postane standardna praksa pri obravnavi otrok in mladostnikov.
Keywords: Navidezna resničnost, periferni intravenski kateter, otroci, bolečina.
Published in DKUM: 22.05.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 66
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4. Review and comparative evaluation of mobile apps for cardiovascular risk estimation: usability evaluation using mHealth app usability questionnaireAdrijana Svenšek, Lucija Gosak, Mateja Lorber, Gregor Štiglic, Nino Fijačko, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and their prevention is a major public health priority. Detecting health issues early and assessing risk levels can significantly improve the chances of reducing mortality. Mobile apps can help estimate and manage CVD risks by providing users with personalized feedback, education, and motivation. Incorporating visual analysis into apps is an effective method for educating society. However, the usability evaluation and inclusion of visualization of these apps are often unclear and variable. Objective: The primary objective of this study is to review and compare the usability of existing apps designed to estimate CVD risk using the mHealth App Usability Questionnaire (MAUQ). This is not a traditional usability study involving user interaction design, but rather an assessment of how effectively these applications meet usability standards as defined by the MAUQ. Methods: First, we used predefined criteria to review 16 out of 2238 apps to estimate CVD risk in the Google Play Store and the Apple App Store. Based on the apps' characteristics (ie, developed for health care professionals or patient use) and their functions (single or multiple CVD risk calculators), we conducted a descriptive analysis. Then we also compared the usability of existing apps using the MAUQ and calculated the agreement among 3 expert raters. Results: Most apps used the Framingham Risk Score (8/16, 50%) and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk (7/16, 44%) prognostic models to estimate CVD risk. The app with the highest overall MAUQ score was the MDCalc Medical Calculator (mean 6.76, SD 0.25), and the lowest overall MAUQ score was obtained for the CardioRisk Calculator (mean 3.96, SD 0.21). The app with the highest overall MAUQ score in the "ease-of-use" domain was the MDCalc Medical Calculator (mean 7, SD 0); in the domain "interface and satisfaction," it was the MDCalc Medical Calculator (mean 6.67, SD 0.33); and in the domain "usefulness," it was the ASCVD Risk Estimator Plus (mean 6.80, SD 0.32). Conclusions: We found that the Framingham Risk Score is the most widely used prognostic model in apps for estimating CVD risk. The "ease-of-use" domain received the highest ratings. While more than half of the apps were suitable for both health care professionals and patients, only a few offered sophisticated visualizations for assessing CVD risk. Less than a quarter of the apps included visualizations, and those that did were single calculators. Our analysis of apps showed that they are an appropriate tool for estimating CVD risk.
Keywords: cardiovascular diseases, MAUQ, prognostic models, mobile applications, visualization, PRISMA
Published in DKUM: 21.05.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 1
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5. Validation of a Slovenian version of the healthy lifestyle and personal control questionnaire (HLPCQ) for use with patients in family medicineAdrijana Svenšek, Gregor Štiglic, Mateja Lorber, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Background Chronic non-communicable diseases are the world’s leading cause of death and disability. The
emerging field of lifestyle medicine requires equipping healthcare professionals with instruments, knowledge, skills
and competencies. Measuring an individual’s lifestyle with a valid and reliable instrument is the first step in promoting
it. The aim of the study was to validate the Slovenian adaptation of the Healthy Lifestyle and Personal Control
Questionnaire (HLPCQ).
Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 666 questionnaire participants, and they were adult
participants (aged 18 and above) from family medicine practices with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) risk factors (e.g.,
hypertension, high cholesterol) but without a diagnosis of acute CVDs. The questionnaire included demographic
data and anthropological measures and a translated English HLPCQ questionnaire. The instrument was translated
using the forward-backwards translation method. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the
World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. In addition to assessing the construct validity of the questionnaire,
exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to determine content and face validity, and internal
consistency reliability.
Results The mean age of male participants was 41.34 (± 13.220) years, the mean age of female participants was
40.31 (± 11.905) years. The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.852, and all questionnaire subscales had positive correlations.
Sampling adequacy was confirmed by the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) index (0.851), and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was
significant (χ² = 4647.694, p < 0.001), indicating suitability for Principal Component Analysis (PCA). PCA revealed a fivefactor solution, accounting for 50.67% of the total variance.
Conclusions The most influential factors for a healthy lifestyle were daily routine, healthy dietary choices, avoidance
of harmful dietary habits, organized physical activity, and social and mental balance. The Slovenian version had high
factor validity and reliability. It can be used in Slovenian Community Health Centre to assess an individual’s control over various lifestyle dimensions. The instrument also holds potential for use in public health initiatives, supporting
early identification of lifestyle-related risk factors and promoting preventive care strategies in the primary care setting.
Keywords: lifestyle, health behaviour, validity, public health, questionnaire, HLPCQ
Published in DKUM: 16.05.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 0
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6. A brief review on benchmarking for large language models evaluation in healthcareLeona Cilar Budler, Hongyu Chen, Aokun Chen, Maxim Topaz, Wilson Tam, Jiang Bian, Gregor Štiglic, 2025, review article Abstract: This paper reviews benchmarking methods for evaluating large language models (LLMs) in healthcare settings. It highlights the importance of rigorous benchmarking to ensure LLMs' safety, accuracy, and effectiveness in clinical applications. The review also discusses the challenges of developing standardized benchmarks and metrics tailored to healthcare-specific tasks such as medical text generation, disease diagnosis, and patient management. Ethical considerations, including privacy, data security, and bias, are also addressed, underscoring the need for multidisciplinary collaboration to establish robust benchmarking frameworks that facilitate LLMs' reliable and ethical use in healthcare. Evaluation of LLMs remains challenging due to the lack of standardized healthcare-specific benchmarks and comprehensive datasets. Key concerns include patient safety, data privacy, model bias, and better explainability, all of which impact the overall trustworthiness of LLMs in clinical settings.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, benchmarking, chatbots, healthcare, large language models, natural language processing
Published in DKUM: 12.05.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 1
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7. Improving personalized meal planning with large language models: identifying and decomposing compound ingredientsLeon Kopitar, Leon Bedrač, Larissa Jane Strath, Jiang Bian, Gregor Štiglic, 2025, original scientific article Abstract: Background/Objectives: Identifying and decomposing compound ingredients within meal plans presents meal customization and nutritional analysis challenges. It is essential for accurately identifying and replacing problematic ingredients linked to allergies or intolerances and helping nutritional evaluation. Methods: This study explored the effectiveness of three large language models (LLMs)—GPT-4o, Llama-3 (70B), and Mixtral (8x7B), in decomposing compound ingredients into basic ingredients within meal plans. GPT-4o was used to generate 15 structured meal plans, each containing compound ingredients. Each LLM then identified and decomposed these compound items into basic ingredients. The decomposed ingredients were matched to entries in a subset of the USDA FoodData Central repository using API-based search and mapping techniques. Nutritional values were retrieved and aggregated to evaluate accuracy of decomposition. Performance was assessed through manual review by nutritionists and quantified using accuracy and F1-score. Statistical significance was tested using paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests based on normality. Results: Results showed that large models—both Llama-3 (70B) and GPT-4o—outperformed Mixtral (8x7B), achieving average F1-scores of 0.894 (95% CI: 0.84–0.95) and 0.842 (95% CI: 0.79–0.89), respectively, compared to an F1-score of 0.690 (95% CI: 0.62–0.76) from Mixtral (8x7B). Conclusions: The open-source Llama-3 (70B) model achieved the best performance, outperforming the commercial GPT-4o model, showing its superior ability to consistently break down compound ingredients into precise quantities within meal plans and illustrating its potential to enhance meal customization and nutritional analysis. These findings underscore the potential role of advanced LLMs in precision nutrition and their application in promoting healthier dietary practices tailored to individual preferences and needs.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, food analysis, LLM, Ilama, GPT, mixtral, ingredient identification, ingredient decomposition, personalized nutrition, meal customization, nutritional analysis, dietary planning
Published in DKUM: 08.05.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 1
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8. Psychometric testing of the Slovene version of the Perceived Inventory of Technological Competency as Caring in NursingCvetka Krel, Dominika Vrbnjak, Gregor Štiglic, Sebastjan Bevc, 2024, original scientific article Abstract: The Perceived Inventory of Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing (PITCCN) questionnaire has been designed to measure technological competency as caring in nursing practice. It incorporates the use of technology with the fundamental principles of caring that are central to nursing. As there were no psychometrically sound instruments to quantify the concept of technological competency as caring in the Slovene language, we adapted the English version of the questionnaire to the local environment. The goal was to assess the level of psychometric properties of the PITCCN investigated in Slovene hospitals. Methods: Content validity was conducted with eight experts and quantified by the content validity index (CVI) and the modified Cohen’s kappa index. Face validity was assessed through discussions with participants from the target culture in the pilot study. To assess construct validity and internal consistency, a cross-sectional research methodology was used on a convenience sample of 121 nursing personnel from four hospitals. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to examine construct validity, while Cronbach’s alpha and adjusted item-total correlations were used to measure internal consistency. Results: The content and face validity of PITCCN were adequate. The scale validity index (S-CVI) was 0.97. Cronbach’s α was 0.92, and subscale reliabilities ranged from 0.810 to 0.925. PCA showed four components, which explained more than 73.49% of the variance. Conclusions: The Slovenian version of PITCCN (PITCCN_SI) has good psychometric properties.
Keywords: technology, caring, reliability, validity, psychometric properties
Published in DKUM: 28.03.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 5
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9. Najpogostejši tujki v dihalnih poteh, odstranjeni s sukcijskim pripomočkomŠpela Metličar, 2025, master's thesis Abstract: Uvod: Zapora dihalne poti zaradi tujka predstavlja četrti najpogostejši vzrok nenamerne smrti. Obstaja več načinov razreševanja zadušitev s tujki, eden izmed njih je uporaba sukcijskih pripomočkov. V zaključnem delu so prikazani najpogostejši tujki v dihalnih poteh, odstranjeni s sukcijskim pripomočkom LifeVac.
Metode: Izvedli smo sekundarno analizo podatkov o uporabi omenjenega pripomočka. Podatki se od leta 2016 zbirajo preko obrazca, ki ga izpolnijo uporabniki. Hipoteze smo analizirali s Pearsonovim Hi-kvadrat testom.
Rezultati: Analizirali smo podatke 1062 oseb. Najpogostejše starostne skupine so bili dojenčki (26,65 %; 283/1062), malčki (22,22 %; 236/1062) in starostniki (19,77 %; 210/1062). Večina oseb (70,24 %; 746/1062) je bila brez znanih bolezni ali drugih zdravstvenih težav, približno vsaka osma žrtev pa naj bi imela eno izmed bolezni živčevja (11,96 %; 127/1062). Najpogostejši tujki so bili zrezek, piščanec, bombon, grozdje in hrenovka v štručki. Dokazali smo, da se pojavnost le-teh po starostnih skupinah razlikuje. Prav tako smo ugotovili, da je vrsta zapore dihalne poti povezana s prisotnostjo bolezni.
Razprava in zaključek: Pri omenjenih tujkih in osebah z večjim tveganjem za zadušitev je potrebna dodatna pozornost, da le-to preprečimo ali pravočasno zaznamo. Obstaja potreba po novih raziskavah, ki bi opredelile učinkovitost in smiselnost vključitve uporabe sukcijskih pripomočkov v prihodnje smernice.
Keywords: dušenje, tujek, zapora dihalne poti
Published in DKUM: 11.03.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 45
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10. Napredne kvantitativne raziskovalne metode v zdravstveni negiLucija Gosak, Leona Cilar Budler, Roger Watson, Gregor Štiglic, 2025 Abstract: Publikacija "Napredne kvantitativne raziskovalne metode v zdravstveni negi" daje študentom zdravstvene nege in medicinskim sestram znanje in spretnosti za razlago različnih statističnih metod na njihovem področju, kar lahko izboljša spretnosti uporabnikov pri zbiranju, analizi in razlagi rezultatov iz klinične prakse ter tako prispeva k izboljšanju kakovosti zdravstvene oskrbe. Vsebuje podrobna navodila za uporabo programa IBM SPSS in izvajanje statističnih analiz, ki jih morajo medicinske sestre poznati pri svojem delu, saj pri vsakodnevnem delu s pacienti uporabljajo in ustvarjajo podatke. Glavni cilj zdravstvene nege pacientov je zagotavljanje kakovostne in na dokazih temelječe zdravstvene nege, zato so medicinske sestre dolžne slediti najnovejšim raziskavam in dokazom ter jih uporabljati pri svojem delu. Znanje, pridobljeno v tej knjigi, lahko medicinskim sestram pomaga tudi pri boljšem razumevanju in interpretaciji predhodno objavljenih rezultatov ter s tem pri kritični presoji veljavnosti in zanesljivosti rezultatov, ki jih bodo uporabljale v klinični praksi.
Keywords: quantitative analysis, statistics, IBM SPSS, reliability, validity, data analysis
Published in DKUM: 28.01.2025; Views: 0; Downloads: 23
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