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Abstract: Slovenia has a unique blend of climatic, soil, geographic and historical factors that fostered a rich tradition of plum cultivation and utilization. This study was set up to achieve following objectives: 1. assess the genetic diversity of 124 accessions of the three Prunus species (P. domestica L., P. cerasifera Ehrh., and P. spinosa L.); explore the possible contribution of P. cerasifera and P. spinosa to the ancestry of P. domestica; examine the genetic relationships and variability among the prevalent P. domestica material distributed in Slovenia. A combination of genetic markers, including 11 SSRs (UDP96-005, BPPCT034, EMPAS12, UCD-CH17, EMPAS06, EMPAS11, EMPAS14, BPPCT014, BPPCT025, CPSCT026 and CPPCT006) and three universal cpDNA markers (HK, K1K2 and VL), were chosen alongside flow cytometry. The analysis identified ten cpDNA haplotypes, which were grouped into three clusters using Unweighted Neighbor-Joining (NJ) analysis. All 11 SSR primer pairs exhibited polymorphism, revealing 116 unique genotypes and a total of 328 alleles, indicating considerable diversity with an average of 29.82 alleles per locus. Bayesian analysis distinguished two ancestral populations across all analyzed species. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) reflected the clustering observed in the Bayesian analysis. When analyzing individual set of P. domestica material, Bayesian analysis also distinguished two ancestral populations across, with PCoA confirming the results of Bayesian analysis. The NJ analysis categorized 71 P. domestica accessions into three clusters with numerous subgroups, reflecting a high genetic diversity. The majority of accessions aligned with traditional pomological groups, such as common prunes, mirabelle plums and greengages. Genetic diversity parameters were analyzed for the 42 diploid P. cerasifera genotypes. A relatively high diversity levels were found, resulting in 135 alleles, with high average values for alleles per locus (10.38), effective number of alleles (Ne = 5.22), expected heterozygosity (He = 0.77), observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.64) and PIC value (0.754). In addition, 32 private alleles were found in 20 accessions. Bayesian analysis of the P. cerasifera material revealed three ancestral populations, corroborated by Principal Coordinate Analysis, while an NJ analysis grouped the accessions into three clusters based on the origin of the accession. This study identified valuable local landraces within the P. domestica pool, including traditional prunes or Bluish plums, which are of great genetic interest. Furthermore, the integration of complementary methods facilitated the differentiation of the three species and provided insights into the origin of plum. The findings will be crucial in comprehending the diversity of Slovenian plum germplasm, improving conservation efforts, recovering local genotypes and enriching existing collections of plant genetic resources.
Keywords: Prunus spp., plum, genetic resources, genetic diversity, genetic structure, cpDNA, SSR
Published in DKUM: 24.07.2024; Views: 160; Downloads: 35
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Abstract: V letu 2023 je bil na Fakulteti za kmetijstvo in biosistemske vede v Mariboru izveden poskus, v katerem se je ugotavljalo kateri način razkuževanja rastlinskega materiala je najbolj optimalen za kasnejšo uspešno vegetativno razmnoževanje jagodnjaka, Fragaria × ananassa Duchesne v in vitro razmerah. Drug namen raziskave je bila primerjava uspešnosti razkuževanja glede na izvor nabranega materiala (rastline, ki rastejo v zaščitenem prostoru v primerjavi s tistimi, ki rastejo na prostem). Za razkuževanje sta bili uporabljeni natrijev hipoklorit (NaClO) in dikloroizocianurna kislina (DICA) v različnih koncentracijah ter časih tretiranja, skupaj 4 različna obravnavanja. Razkuženi izsečki so bili nameščeni na osnovno MS gojišče brez dodanih rastnih regulatorjev, po treh tednih so bili vsi izsečki prestavljeni na gojišče, kateremu je bil dodan antibiotik Cefotaxime sodium. Izkazalo se je, da je to preprečilo propad tistih rastlin, ki so že pokazale potencial in začele z rastjo, vendar je bilo tekom inokulacije zaznati bakterijske okužbe. V raziskavi je bilo ugotovljeno, da tako način razkuževanja, kot izvor rastlinskega materiala vplivata na število dobljenih vitalnih poganjkov. Pri izsečkih jagodnjaka iz zaščitenega prostora je V bil uspeh razkuževanja 13,3 % oz. 16 izsečkov, iz nezaščitenega prostora pa 3,3 % oz. 4 izsečki. Med različnimi obravnavanji se je kot najbolj uspešno izkazalo razkuževanje s sredstvom DICA in časom tretiranja 1,5 min, kjer je bil uspeh 3,75 % (9 vitalnih izsečkov). Pri uporabi 1,5 % NaClO in 1,5 min, je bil uspeh 2,08 % oz. 5 vitalnih izsečkov. Pri ostalih dveh obravnavanjih je bil uspeh 1,25 %.
Keywords: jagodnjak, Fragaria × ananassa, in vitro, razkuževanje, tkivne kulture
Published in DKUM: 11.10.2023; Views: 545; Downloads: 57
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Abstract: Mikropropagacija je osnovna tehnika rastlinskih tkivnih kultur. Je način hitrega vegetativnega razmnoževanja rastlin v laboratoriju. Razmnoževanje lesnatih rastlin z mikropropagacijo je v večini primerov veliko težavneje kot mikropropagacija zelnatih rastlin. Najbolj težavna je prva stopnja mikropropagacije, kjer razkužujemo rastlinski material. Pri drevesih, ki rastejo na prostem, lahko naletimo tudi na notranje okužbe, ki jih z metodami površinske sterilizacije ne moremo odstraniti. Pri lesnatih rastlinah je lahko težavna tudi stopnja koreninjenja. Vsak genotip ima svoje zahteve, zato moramo optimalni postopek proučiti za vsakega posebej. Na Fakulteti za kmetijstvo in biosistemske vede Univerze v Mariboru že več let raziskujemo postopke za uspešno razmnoževanje koščičarjev in vitro. Največ raziskav je narejenih na marelici, češnji in slivi, zato je mikropropagacija teh vrst v monografiji bolj natančno opisana. Prvi del monografije je pregled posameznih stopenj mikropropagacije, vključno z opisom laboratorija in potrebne opreme za delo s tkivnimi kulturami. Monografija bo služila tudi kot učno gradivo za študente pri predmetih iz rastlinske biotehnologije in rastlinskih tkivnih kultur.
Keywords: in vitro razmnoževanje, Prunus, rastlinske tkivne kulture, koščičarji, mikropropagacija
Published in DKUM: 29.06.2022; Views: 978; Downloads: 158
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Abstract: The scientific monograph covers the botanical classification of the genus Helleborus L. and the Christmas rose species (Helleborus niger L.), which has undergone numerous changes throughout its botanical history. The Christmas rose is becoming increasingly important in the ornamental plant market. Its characteristic flowering in the coldest months of the year represents a great advantage over many other species of ornamental plants. As the Christmas rose does not require high temperatures to start flowering, its cultivation can be considered affordable and environmentally friendly. The supply of attractive varieties is likely to be one of the key factors that will affect its popularity in the future. The number of genetically improved (bred) varieties is limited on the market, so selective breeding of Christmas rose will become inevitable in the future. The presented results of pollination analyses, related to insect activity, are important for breeding. Observations indicate that the Christmas rose is an entomophilous and a predominantly allogamous species. Knowledge of plant ecology and cultivation technology will also be exceptionally important. In intensive cultivation, the production technology for Christmas roses is still to a large extent incomplete. The monograph includes scientific findings on the ecology and biology of the Christmas rose, its reproductive processes, and the production technology for potted plants. The monograph also presents the results of the study on the effects of beneficial microorganisms (bacteria and endomycorrhizal fungi) on the growth and development of seedlings from in vivo and in vitro environments. The results of the study indicate that biotisation is a useful technology and that inoculation with specific microorganisms has a beneficial effect on growth.
Keywords: Christmas rose, Helleborus niger L., systematic, pollination, cultivation, beneficial microorganisms
Published in DKUM: 28.09.2021; Views: 1261; Downloads: 148
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Abstract: Vzorčenje plodov 68 akcesij ringlojev iz genske banke FKBV je potekalo poleti leta 2018. Na vsakem drevesu je bilo pobranih 10 zrelih plodov, katerim so bili določeni naslednji fenotipski deskriptorji: velikost, oblika ploda, simetrija ploda, globina šiva (brazde) blizu mesta, kjer je plod spojen s pecljem, depresija na vrhu ploda, dlakavost, vdolbina pri peclju, osnovna barva kože (eksokarpa), barva mesa (mezokarpa), čvrstost mesa, sočnost, stopnja spojenosti koščice in mezokarpa, oblika koščice z lateralne strani, oblika koščice z ventralne strani, izraženost grebena koščice, tekstura mezokarpa, širina na dnu in oblika vrha koščice. Uporabljeni so bili deskriptorji po UPOV-u, z nekaj modifikacijami. Namen raziskave je ovrednotiti fenotipsko raznolikost proučevanih akcesij. Večina plodov je imela širino med 2 in 3 cm (majhni plodovi), pri osnovni barvi kože (eksokarpa) in barvi mesa (mezokarpa) je prevladovala rumena barva, povprečna oblika koščice z lateralne strani je bila eliptična, prevladovala je zaobljena oblika vrha koščice in v večini primerov je bil greben slabo izražen, glede izraženosti šiva pa je prevladovala slaba izraženost. V raziskavi smo ugotovili, da je bila med proučevanimi akcesijami sorazmerno velika fenotipska raznolikost, toda ne v vseh proučevanih lastnostih. Pri nekaterih parametrih so bile izražene večje, pri drugih pa manjše razlike med akcesijami.
Keywords: koščičarji, ringlo, deskriptorji, lastnosti plodov
Published in DKUM: 02.10.2020; Views: 1007; Downloads: 124
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