1. Towards a sustainable cybersecurity governance : threat modelling with large language modelsNika Jeršič, Muhamed Turkanović, Tina Beranič, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: With the increased complexity of applications and systems, threat modelling struggles to keep pace with the evolution of risks. This article addresses this challenge by exploring how large language models (LLMs) can be leveraged to create comprehensive threat models across different risk assessment methodologies. We examine whether a single generic prompt can support frameworks such as LINDDUN, PASTA, and STRIDE, despite their different requirements. Through this comparative analysis, we identify components that enable AI-based assessments, while acknowledging that privacy, regulatory, and dynamic risks require adaptation of the frameworks. Our findings show that a universal guideline is feasible for broad applications, but adaptation is necessary for effective use. Overall, LLM-based threat modelling improves the accessibility, repeatability, and effectiveness of risk analysis and supports stronger and more sustainable practices.
Ključne besede: cybersecurity, large language models, threat modelling, sustainability, resilient infrastructure, SDG 9
Objavljeno v DKUM: 02.12.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 0
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3. A secure way of communication for smart grid networksPooja Tyagi, Saru Kumari, Mohammed J. F. Alenazi, Marko Hölbl, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: In 2021, Khan et al. suggested a scheme based on smart grid networks. They deployed the random oracle model to justify the security of their scheme formally. They also verified the security of the scheme using the AVISPA software tool. We studied this scheme and found some security issues. The scheme suffers from a confidentiality breach attack. In Khan et al.’s scheme, an adversary can track both the user and the server, and it does not provide user and server anonymity. An adversary can also impersonate a server. To overcome all these security issues, we propose a protocol for smart grid networks. In our proposed scheme, we maintain all the qualities of Khan et al.’s scheme and try to remove all its weaknesses.
Ključne besede: key agreement, smart grid, smart grid networks, user authentication
Objavljeno v DKUM: 01.12.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 0
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4. First integrals and invariants of systems of ordinary differential equationsMateja Grašič, Abdul Salam Jarrah, Valery Romanovski, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: We investigate the interplay between monomial first integrals, polynomial invariants of certain group action, and the Poincaré-Dulac normal forms for autonomous systems of ordinary differential equations with a diagonal matrix of the linear part. Using tools from computational algebra, we develop an algorithmic approach for identifying generators of the algebras of monomial and polynomial first integrals, which works in the general case where the matrix of the linear part includes algebraic complex eigenvalues. Our method also provides a practical tool for exploring the algebraic structure of polynomial invariants and their relation to the Poincaré-Dulac normal forms of the underlying vector fields.
Ključne besede: first integrals, polynomial invariants, Poincaré-Dulac normal form, systems of ordinary differential equations
Objavljeno v DKUM: 27.11.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 2
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5. Detection and perception of colour regarding gender and ageDarinka Fakin, Lavra Smoljanović, Alenka Ojstršek, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: People have been accompanied by colours throughout the history and through all periods of life. In different eras, colours were also associated with status symbols of different social classes or mythological beliefs. We are often addressed emotionally by colour combinations, since colour perception is always and exclusively a sensorial experience. Various colour combinations can have a pleasant effect on us or leave us cold as well as in a state of shock. All of the above, presented the starting point of this research. Detection and perception of sensations through colour was accomplished by preparing a questionnaire related to 12 selected colours. The research included 302 participants from Slovenia, of both sexes and different ages, born from 1940 to 2004. From the obtained results, it could be concluded how popular a certain colour is in a material, design and spiritual sense. Moreover, the results were validated and compared regarding the gender and age of participants, and further compared with the results of previous studies.
Ključne besede: colours perception, survey, colours popularity, colour of joy, colour of clothes, colour of sleeping area
Objavljeno v DKUM: 18.11.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 0
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6. Eexplaining 3D semantic segmentation through generative AI-based counterfactualsDzemail Rozajac, Niko Lukač, Stefan Schweng, Christoph Gollob, Arne Nothdurft, Karl Stampfer, Javier Del Ser, Andreas Holzinger, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Interpreting the predictions of deep learning models on 3D point cloud data is an important challenge for safety-critical domains such as autonomous driving, robotics and geospatial analysis. Existing counterfactual explainability methods often struggle with the sparsity and unordered nature of 3D point clouds. To address this, we introduce a generative framework for counterfactual explanations in 3D semantic segmentation models. Our approach leverages autoencoder-based latent representations, combined with UMAP embeddings and Delaunay triangulation, to construct a graph that enables geodesic path search between semantic classes. Candidate counterfactuals are generated by interpolating latent vectors along these paths and decoding into plausible point clouds, while semantic plausibility is guided by the predictions of a 3D semantic segmentation model. We evaluate the framework on ShapeNet objects, demonstrating that semantically related classes yield realistic counterfactuals with minimal geometric change, whereas unrelated classes expose sharp decision boundaries and reduced plausibility. Quantitative results confirm that the method balances defined interpretability metrics, producing counterfactuals that are both interpretable and geometrically consistent. Overall, our work demonstrates that generative counterfactuals in latent space provide a promising alternative to input-level perturbations.
Ključne besede: 3D point cloud, explainable artificial intelligence, counterfactual analysis, generative AI
Objavljeno v DKUM: 14.11.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 6
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7. IoT-based off-grid solar power supply : design, implementation, and case study of energy consumption control using forecasted solar irradiationMarijan Španer, Mitja Truntič, Darko Hercog, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: This article presents the development and implementation of an IoT-enabled, off-grid solar power supply prototype designed to power a range of electrical devices. The developed system comprises a Photovoltaic panel, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) charger, a 2.5 kWh/24 V high-performance LiFePO4 battery bank with a Battery Management System, an embedded controller with IoT connectivity, and DC/DC and DC/AC converters. The PV panel serves as the primary energy source, with the MPPT controller optimizing battery charging, while the DC/DC and DC/AC converters supply power to the connected electrical devices. The article includes a case study of a developed platform for powering an information and advertising system. The system features a predictive energy management algorithm, which optimizes the appliance operation based on daily solar irradiance forecasts and real-time battery State-of-Charge monitoring. The IoT-enabled controller obtains solar irradiance forecasts from an online meteorological service via API calls and uses these data to estimate energy availability for the next day. Using this prediction, the system schedules and prioritizes the operations of connected electrical devices dynamically to optimize the performance and prevent critical battery discharge. The IoT-based controller is equipped with both Wi-Fi and an LTE modem, enabling communication with online services via wireless or cellular networks.
Ključne besede: energy consumption control, forecasted solar irradiation, power management, off-grid power supply, photovoltaic, solar, IoT, LTE, Wi-Fi, ESP32
Objavljeno v DKUM: 14.11.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 6
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10. Dynamic modeling and experimental validation of the photovoltaic/thermal systemKlemen Sredenšek, Eva Simonič, Klemen Deželak, Marko Bizjak, Niko Lukač, Sebastijan Seme, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The aim of this paper is to present a novel and comprehensive methodology for the dynamic modeling and experimental validation of a photovoltaic/thermal system. The dynamic model is divided into thermal and electrical subsystems, encompassing the photovoltaic/ thermal module and the thermal energy storage. The thermal subsystem of both the photovoltaic/thermal module and the thermal energy storage is described by a one-dimensional dynamic model of heat transfer mechanisms and optical losses, while the electrical subsystem is presented as an electrical equivalent circuit of double diode solar cell. Model validation was conducted on a modern experimental photovoltaic/thermal system over an extended operational period at a five-minute resolution, with validation days classified as sunny, cloudy, or overcast based on weather conditions, thereby demonstrating an applied approach. The results demonstrate the lowest deviation values reported to date, confirmed using six quantitative indicators. The added value of the proposed methodology, not previously addressed in the literature, lies in the following contributions: (i) comprehensive modeling of the entire photovoltaic/thermal system, (ii) accurate consideration of optical losses in the photovoltaic/thermal module, and (iii) long-term experimental validation. Overall, the proposed methodology provides a reliable and efficient framework for PV/T system design, optimization, and long-term performance assessment.
Ključne besede: photovoltaic/thermal system, thermal energy storage, dynamic modeling, experimental validation, heat transfer mechanism, temperature, electrical power
Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.11.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 5
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