1. Unobtrusive monitoring of human vital functions based on speckle interferometry with plastic optical fiberPeter Podbreznik, Denis Đonlagić, Dejan Lešnik, Boris Cigale, Damjan Zazula, 2013, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: In this paper, a speckle interferometer with a plastic optical fiber system is reported for unobtrusive monitoring of heartbeat and respiration. The sensor consists of a laser diode butt-coupled to the plastic optical fiber, whose exit face projects speckle patterns onto a linear optical sensor array, which leads to a simple and cost-effective construction. Speckle images are acquired in a sequence and transformed into a 1D signal by using a phase-shifting method. Band-pass filtering and Morlet-wavelet-based multiresolutional approaches were used to analyze signals for the detection of cardiac and respiratory activities, respectively. Ten young, healthy persons participated in system testing, by lying supine on a mattress with embedded plastic optical fiber. Experimental results show the proposed system and detection algorithms are highly efficient. Sensitivities of 99.4 0.6% and 95.3 3%, precisions of 98.8 1.5% and 97.9 2.3%, and mean delays between interferometric detections and corresponding referential signals of 116.6 55.5ms and 1299.2 437.3 ms were computed for heartbeat and respiration, respectively.
Ključne besede: plastic optical fiber, speckle interferometry, unobtrusive monitoring, heartbeat detection, respiration detection, phase-shift method, wavelet transform
Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.07.2015; Ogledov: 1245; Prenosov: 16
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2. The wavelet transform for BEM computational fluid dynamicsJure Ravnik, Leopold Škerget, Matjaž Hriberšek, 2004, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: A wavelet matrix compression technique was used to solve systems of linear equations resulting from BEM applied to fluid dynamics. The governing equations were written in velocity-vorticity formulation and solutions of the resulting systems of equations were obtained with and without wavelet matrix compression. A modification of the Haar wavelet transform, which can transformvectors of any size, is proposed. The threshold, used for making fully populated matrices sparse, was written as a product of a user defined factor and the average value of absolute matrix elements values. Numerical tests were performed to assert, that the error caused by wavelet compression depends linearly on the factor , while the dependence of the error on the share of thresholded elements in the system matrix is highly non-linear. The results also showed that the increasing non-linearity (higher Ra and Re numbervalues) limits the extent of compression. On the other hand, higher meshdensity enables higher compression ratios.
Ključne besede: fluid mechanics, computational fluid dynamics, boundary element method, wavelet transform, linear systems of equations, velocity vorticity formulation, driven cavity, natural convection, system matrix compression
Objavljeno v DKUM: 01.06.2012; Ogledov: 1806; Prenosov: 91
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3. Numerical simulation of dilute particle laden flows by wavelet BEM-FEMJure Ravnik, Leopold Škerget, Matjaž Hriberšek, Zoran Žunič, 2008, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: A wavelet transform based BEM and FEM numerical scheme was used to simulate laminar viscous flow. The velocity-vorticity formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations was used. The flow simulation algorithm was coupled with a Lagrangian particle tracking scheme for dilute suspensions of massless particles and particles without inertia. The proposed numerical approach was used to simulate flow and particle paths for two test cases: flow over a backward-facing step and flow past a circular cylinder. We present methods of calculating the pressure and stream function field at the end of each time step. The pressure field was used to calculate drag and lift coefficients, which enable qualitative comparison of our results with the benchmark. The stream function enabled the comparison of streamlines and massless particle paths in steady state low Reynolds number value flow fields, and thus provided an estimate on the accuracy of the particle tracking algorithm. Unsteady higher Reynolds number value flows were investigated in terms of particle distributions in vortex streets in the wake of the cylinder and behind the step. Sedimentation of particles without inertia was studied in the flow field behind a backward-facing step at Reynolds number value 5000.
Ključne besede: boundary element method, velocity-vertocity formulation, discrete wavelet transform, Lagrangian particle tracking, backward-facing step, bluff body flow, dilute particle suspension
Objavljeno v DKUM: 01.06.2012; Ogledov: 1673; Prenosov: 91
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4. Analysis of neuromuscular disorders using statistical and entropy metrics on surface EMGRok Istenič, Prodromos A. Kaplanis, Constantinos S. Pattichis, Damjan Zazula, 2008, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: This paper introduces the surface electromyogram (EMG) classification system based on statistical and entropy metrics. The system is intended for diagnostic use and enables classification of examined subject as normal, myopathic or neuropathic, regarding to the acquired EMG signals. 39 subjects in total participated in the experiment, 19 normal, 11 myopathic and 9 neuropathic. Surface EMG was recorded using 4-channel surface electrodes on the biceps brachii muscle at isometric voluntary contractions. The recording time was only 5 seconds long to avoid muscle fatigue, and contractions at fiveforce levels were performed, i.e. 10, 30, 50, 70 and 100 % of maximal voluntary contraction. The feature extraction routine deployed the wavelet transform and calculation of the Shannon entropy across all the scales in order to obtain a feature set for each subject. Subjects were classified regarding the extracted features using three machine learning techniques, i.e. decision trees, support vector machines and ensembles of support vector machines. Four 2-class classifications and a 3-class classification were performed. The scored classification rates were the following: 64+-11% for normal/abnormal, 74+-7% for normal/myopathic, 79+-8% for normal/neuropathic, 49+-20% for myopathic/neuropathic, and 63+-8% for normal/myopathic/neuropathic.
Ključne besede: surface electromyography, neuromuscular disorders, neuropathy, myopathy, EMG signals, signal processing, wavelet transform, metrics
Objavljeno v DKUM: 31.05.2012; Ogledov: 1593; Prenosov: 40
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5. Combined edge detection using wavelet transform and signal registrationDušan Heric, Damjan Zazula, 2006, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: This paper presents a novel edge detection algorithm, using Haar wavelet transform and signal registration. The proposed algorithm has two stages: (a) adaptive edge detection with the maximum entropy thresholding technique on time-scale plane and (b) edge linkage into a con tour line with signal registration in order to c1ose edge discontinuities and calculate a confidence index for contour linkages. This index measures the level of confidence in the linkage of two adjacent points in the con tour structure. Experimenting with synthetic images, we found out the lower level of confidence can be set to approximately e-2. The method was tested on 200 synthetic images at different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and II clinical images. We assessed its reliability, accuracy and robustness using the mean absolute distance (MAD) metric and our confidence index. The results for MAD on synthetic images yield the mean of 0.7 points and standard deviation (std) of 0.14, while the mean confidence level is 0.48 with std of 0.19 (the values are averaged over SNRs from 3 to 50 dB each in 20 Monte-Carlo runs). Our assessment on clinical images, where the references were expert's annotations, give MAD equal1.36:1:: 0.36 (mean :1:: std) and confidence level equal 0.67 :1:: 0.25 (mean :1:: std).
Ključne besede: edge model, edge detection, wavelet transform, signal registration
Objavljeno v DKUM: 31.05.2012; Ogledov: 1918; Prenosov: 97
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6. Two-dimensional velocity-vorticity based LES for the solution of natural convection in a differentially heated enclosure by wavelet transform based BEM and FEMJure Ravnik, Leopold Škerget, Matjaž Hriberšek, 2006, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: A wavelet transform based boundary element method (BEM) numerical scheme is proposed for the solution of the kinematics equation of the velocity-vorticityformulation of Navier-Stokes equations. FEM is used to solve the kinetics equations. The proposed numerical approach is used to perform two-dimensional vorticity transfer based large eddy simulation on grids with 105 nodes. Turbulent natural convection in a differentially heated enclosure of aspect ratio 4 for Rayleigh number values Ra=107-109 is simulated. Unstable boundary layer leads to the formation of eddies in the downstream parts of both vertical walls. At the lowest Rayleigh number value an oscillatory flow regime is observed, while the flow becomes increasingly irregular, non-repeating, unsymmetric and chaotic at higher Rayleigh number values. The transition to turbulence is studied with time series plots, temperature-vorticity phase diagrams and with power spectra. The enclosure is found to be only partially turbulent, what is qualitatively shown with second order statistics-Reynolds stresses, turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent heat fluxes and temperature variance. Heat transfer is studied via the average Nusselt number value, its time series and its relationship to the Rayleigh number value.
Ključne besede: numerical modelling, boundary element method, discrete wavelet transform, large eddy simulation, velocity-vertocity formulation, natural convection
Objavljeno v DKUM: 31.05.2012; Ogledov: 2162; Prenosov: 79
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