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Opis: Railroad is one of the primary modes to transport hazardous materials (hazmat) in North America. For instance, Canadian railroads carried around 50 million tons of hazmat in 2018. Given the inherent danger of trains carrying hazmat, this study aimed at exploring a novel way towards mitigation of the associated risk. This study sought to investigate whether proper rail track infrastructure investment can mitigate the risk from hazmat shipments. To this end, a methodology was developed and then applied to the Canadian railroad network. The proposed three-step methodology captured the differing perspectives of rail carriers and regulatory agencies, and entailed (1) ascertaining the risk-level of various yards and links in the given railroad network, (2) specifying potential candidates for infrastructure investment, and (3) finding the optimum set of investment decisions. The proposed methodology was then applied to the Canadian railroad network to demonstrate that significant risk-reduction can beachieved by adding alternative rail-links around the riskiest locations (i.e. the network hot-spots), and also to show that risk-reduction function is non-linear with non-monotonous behavior. The study showed the possibility of significant hazmat risk reduction through alternative rail-links that could take traffic away from the network hot-spots. The methodology and the resultsfrom the Canadian case can be used by railroad companies and policy makers to estimate the value of potentially risk-reducinginfrastructure investments.
Ključne besede: risk mitigation, railroad network, hazardous materials, infrastructure investment, optimization, transportation safety
Objavljeno v DKUM: 23.08.2024; Ogledov: 61; Prenosov: 8
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Opis: This paper highlights the major steps in the procedure for evaluating the consequences of accidents involving dangerous substances, especially during storage, loading and unloading activities. The procedure relies on identifying accident scenarios that could be encountered in particular plants, followed by modelling of these scenarios by means of available modelling systems. Finally, the resultant outcomes are identified, together with their effects on both people and property. The resources needed to perform this proceedure are discussed, in order to clarify the roles of operators, external experts and other institutions when evaluating any accident conesquences. Four examples, all relevant in industrial practice, are given in order to illustrate the procedure: the releasing of liquefied petroleum gas, flammable organic solvents, toxic chlorine, and fuel oil. The results of these studies may be used for a quick order-of-magnitude estimation of accidents consequences.
Ključne besede: chemical industries, dangerous substances, transportation, storage, risk, accidents, consequences estimation, Seveso II, loading, unloading, safety report
Objavljeno v DKUM: 01.06.2012; Ogledov: 2544; Prenosov: 113
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