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Opis: The changing labour conditions in the garment and metal-working industries have led to the necessity of determining new extra times to establish the time standard. In this paper, a method of measuring stress and strain imposed upon the operator in new working conditions by determining the additional production coefficient is presented. The method gives criteria and grades to assess stress at the workplace. Physical stress (dynamic and static), thermal and visual stress, discomfort caused by noise, aerosols, gases and vapours, and the stress due to monotony are assessed. The stresses are expressed by ecological, physiological and psychological indexes. The indexes are pondered. Ponderation includes the factor of the magnitude and the time of exposure to stress. Ponderation is expressed by the number of points, the total being an adequate presentation of the stresses. Stress and strain decrease the working performance of the operator. Therefore they must be included in the standard to compensate for the operator's lower working efficiency due to physical and psychological strain at the workplace, Short breaks and stops allowed during work enable the operator to perform work tasks without getting excessively tired. The necessary correction of the production time is made by applying the ergonomic coefficient Ker.
Ključne besede: job analysis, production planning, stress assessment, time study, working conditions, working environment
Objavljeno v DKUM: 30.03.2017; Ogledov: 1218; Prenosov: 169
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Ključne besede: economics, economy, business operation, business operation of the enterprise, statistical methods, statistics, computer science, computer application, software, computer programmes, Excel, Internet, computer networks, data base, probability, realibility, distributions, hypotheses testing, data, sampling, regression analysis, correlations, time series, mistakes, problem solving, solution of problems, statistical analysis, application, business process, accounting, cases, case study, textbooks, exercises
Objavljeno v DKUM: 01.06.2012; Ogledov: 3097; Prenosov: 40
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Opis: Posibilities of new methods for measuring loading and standard time norms are presented, as applied in the field of garment engineering. Measurements deescribed are performed on modern measuring equipment designed to measure and perform computer analysis of temporal values of processing parameters in sewing operation and simultaneously record in two planes using a video system. The measuring system described was used to investigate sewing operation for the seam on a ladies' fashion suit, 52 cm long. For the operation investigated, method of work employing the MTM (Methods Time Measurements) system with analysis of basic movements was selected. The MTM system used shows that normal time for the operation in question is around 429.3 TMU (15.5 s). Investigations of workload imposed on the worker according to the OADM method were done simultaneously, and total ergonomic loading coefficients of Ker=0.082 was established, thus determining the time necessary to organise the process of work as 464.5 TMU (16.7 s). Simultaneous measurements of time and dynamic changes of processing parameters, as well as logical sets of movements, are important for defining favourable operation structures, time norms ergonomically designed systems of work and workplaces in garment engineering, as early as in the phase of designing operation. The investigations described make possible to find optimal distribution of working elements and zones of reach important for ergonomic designing and/or re-designing of workplaces, which results in considerably reduced level of fatigue in work optimal quality level, higher degree of utilisation of equipment installed and lower manufacturing costs.
Ključne besede: garment engineering, sewing, standard time norms, norms, time study, work study, MTM, motion timestudy measurement
Objavljeno v DKUM: 01.06.2012; Ogledov: 2050; Prenosov: 58
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