Iskanje po katalogu digitalne knjižnice

Opis: Classic enhanced self-correcting battery equivalent models require proper model parameters and initial conditions such as the initial state of charge for its unbiased functioning. Obtaining parameters is often conducted by optimization using evolutionary algorithms. Obtaining the initial state of charge is often conducted by measurements, which can be burdensome in practice. Incorrect initial conditions can introduce bias, leading to long-term drift and inaccurate state of charge readings. To address this, we propose two simple and efficient equivalent model frameworks that are optimized by a genetic algorithm and are able to determine the initial conditions autonomously. The first framework applies the feedback loop mechanism that gradually with time corrects the externally given initial condition that is originally a biased arbitrary value within a certain domain. The second framework applies the genetic algorithm to search for an unbiased estimate of the initial condition. Long-term experiments have demonstrated that these frameworks do not deviate from controlled benchmarks with known initial conditions. Additionally, our experiments have shown that all implemented models significantly outperformed the well-known ampere-hour coulomb counter integration method, which is prone to drift over time and the extended Kalman filter, that acted with bias.
Ključne besede: enhanced self-correcting model, state of charge estimation, lithium-ion cell parameter identification
Objavljeno v DKUM: 08.01.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 2
Celotno besedilo (5,96 MB)

Opis: This master’s thesis systematically analyses the possible obligations and rules of public international law that must be respected when States impose sanctions without the authorisation of the United Nations Security Council or unilateral sanctions. This type of sanctions has been used throughout history and States are increasingly resorting to imposing them within international conflicts. However, they have never been regulated by any authoritative act, and the decisions of international judicial organs are scarce. In the absence of specific rules regulating the use of unilateral sanctions, this thesis focuses on the general provisions and obligations of public international law that States must respect when imposing sanction regimes against other States. One of the fundamental principles of international relations is the principle of sovereign equality of States, under which States must refrain from intervening in the domestic affairs of other States and must respect their sovereign immunity. Furthermore, States are obligated to respect treaty provisions they have consented to, one of them being the World Trade Organisation’s Marrakesh Treaty, under which States need to respect the rules enshrined General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, like most favoured nation principle. Unilateral sanctions such as freezing of assets of States and central banks, travel bans for State representatives, import and export bans and trade embargos all constitute a threat to breach these obligations of public international law. However, even if States impose unlawful unilateral sanctions, their unlawfulness may be precluded under the rules of lawful countermeasures. Inconsistent State practice, divergent opinions of various scholars and lack of codifications make all these rules and prohibitions difficult to determine. However, given the recent increase in the use of unilateral sanctions, this grey area of international law is beginning to be clarified.
Ključne besede: State sovereignty, sanctions, legal countermeasures, coercion, national matters, human rights, immunities, inviolability, security exception, most favoured nation.
Objavljeno v DKUM: 24.06.2024; Ogledov: 198; Prenosov: 48
Celotno besedilo (1,08 MB)

Opis: The self-organization of open reaction systems is closely related to specific mechanisms that allow the export of internally generated entropy from systems to their environment. According to the second law of thermodynamics, systems with effective entropy export to the environment are better internally organized. Therefore, they are in thermodynamic states with low entropy. In this context, we study how self-organization in enzymatic reactions depends on their kinetic reaction mechanisms. Enzymatic reactions in an open system are considered to operate in a non-equilibrium steady state, which is achieved by satisfying the principle of maximum entropy production (MEPP). The latter is a general theoretical framework for our theoretical analysis. Detailed theoretical studies and comparisons of the linear irreversible kinetic schemes of an enzyme reaction in two and three states are performed. In both cases, in the optimal and statistically most probable thermodynamic steady state, a diffusion-limited flux is predicted by MEPP. Several thermodynamic quantities and enzymatic kinetic parameters, such as the entropy production rate, the Shannon information entropy, reaction stability, sensitivity, and specificity constants, are predicted. Our results show that the optimal enzyme performance may strongly depend on the number of reaction steps when linear reaction mechanisms are considered. Simple reaction mechanisms with a smaller number of intermediate reaction steps could be better organized internally and could allow fast and stable catalysis. These could be features of the evolutionary mechanisms of highly specialized enzymes.
Ključne besede: enzymes, kinetic data analysis, steady state, self-organization, maximum entropy production
Objavljeno v DKUM: 08.05.2024; Ogledov: 234; Prenosov: 9
Celotno besedilo (2,57 MB)
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Opis: This book is intended is to be used as an aid in understanding general features of public law from Slovenian perspective. The book has three parts. The first chapter deals with the state, its essential elements,and the various types of states, taking into consideration a range of different criteria. The second chapter introduces the basic constituent parts of the law and the forms of legal order in which these parts are vertically and horizontally incorporated. The terms are sometimes simplified in order to bring law and an understanding of it closer to readers who are not professional lawyers.The third chapter is devoted to defining basic terms of administrative and civil service law. Administrative law consists primarily of the legal norms which regulate the foundations of the organisation of the state and local communities. The last part of this chapter is devoted to civil servants and public salery system.
Ključne besede: state, public law, administrative law, civil servants, public salaries
Objavljeno v DKUM: 21.02.2024; Ogledov: 346; Prenosov: 35
Celotno besedilo (4,21 MB)
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Opis: Renewable energies represent unlimited power sources that are significantly reducing greenhouse emissions. The possibilities and advantages of abundantly available solar energy are immense. However, some challenges are preventing solar energy from reaching its full potential regarding its efficiency and energy storage. Therefore, the main focus of this thesis is on electrochemical storage systems. The aim is to compare the currently leading technology – Li-ion battery to the most recent breakthrough in storage systems – the solid-state battery. The thesis includes a comparative analysis of the mentioned technologies, as well as the theoretical part that introduces solar energy and photovoltaic systems with their main components.
Ključne besede: photovoltaic system, energy storage, analysis, Li-ion battery, solid-state battery
Objavljeno v DKUM: 30.01.2024; Ogledov: 457; Prenosov: 47
Celotno besedilo (2,35 MB)