Iskanje po katalogu digitalne knjižnice

Opis: The thesis researches the application of neural networks in computer program calibration of traffic micro-simulation models. The calibration process is designed on the basis of the VISSIM micro-simulation model of local urban roundabouts. From the five analyzed methods of computer program calibration, Methods I, II and V were selected for a more detailed research. The three chosen calibration methods varied the number of outgoing traffic indicators predicted by neural networks and a number of neural networks in the computer program calibration procedure. Within the calibration program, the task of neural networks was to predict the output of VISSIM simulations for selected functional traffic parameters - traveling time between the measurement points and queue parameters (maximum queue and number of stopping at the roundabout entrance). The Databases for neural network training consisted of 1379 combinations of input parameters whereas the number of output indicators of VISSIM simulations was varied. The neural networks (176 of them) were trained and compared for the calibration process according to training and generalization criteria. The best neural network for each calibration method was chosen by using the two-phase validation of neural networks. The Method I is the calibration method based on calibration of a traffic indicator -traveling time and it enables validation related to the second observed indicator – queue parameters. Methods II and V connect the previously described calibration and validation procedures in one calibration process which calibrates input parameters according to two traffic indicators. Validation of the analyzed calibration methods was performed on three new sets of measured data - two sets at the same roundabout and one set on another location. The best results in validation of computer program calibration were achieved by the Method I which is the recommended method for computer program calibration. The modeling results of selected traffic parameters obtained by calibrated VISSIM traffic model were compared with: values obtained by measurements in the field, the existing analysis methods of operational roundabouts characteristics (Lausanne method, Kimber-Hollis, HCM) and modeling by the uncalibrated VISSIM model. The calibrated model shows good correspondence with measured values in real traffic conditions. The efficiency of the calibration process was confirmed by comparing the measured and modeled values of delays, of an independent traffic indicator that was not used in the process of calibration and validation of traffic micro-simulation models. There is also an example of using the calibrated model in the impact analysis of pedestrian flows on conflicting input and output flows of vehicles in the roundabout. Different traffic scenarios were analyzed in the real and anticipated traffic conditions.
Ključne besede: traffic models, traffic micro-simulation, calibration of the VISSIM model, computer program calibration method, neural networks in the calibration process, micro-simulation of roundabouts, traffic modeling parameters, driving time, queue parameters, delay
Objavljeno: 02.06.2011; Ogledov: 3746; Prenosov: 263
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Opis: This paper explains the reasons for selecting the right project to conduct business in various organisations. It presents several methods for evaluating and selecting projects. A special focus is on Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method that is becoming increasingly important tool in different decision-making situations. We have used this method in project management anddeveloped a project evaluation and selecting process. We have also developed a simple application in MS Excel that helps with calculating projectsć total priority grade. This tool helps us with simulating project importance based on changes in perception of the criteria.
Ključne besede: project selection, project evaluation, analytical hierarchy process, criteria simulation
Objavljeno: 31.05.2012; Ogledov: 1148; Prenosov: 68
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Opis: A wavelet transform based boundary element method (BEM) numerical scheme is proposed for the solution of the kinematics equation of the velocity-vorticityformulation of Navier-Stokes equations. FEM is used to solve the kinetics equations. The proposed numerical approach is used to perform two-dimensional vorticity transfer based large eddy simulation on grids with 105 nodes. Turbulent natural convection in a differentially heated enclosure of aspect ratio 4 for Rayleigh number values Ra=107-109 is simulated. Unstable boundary layer leads to the formation of eddies in the downstream parts of both vertical walls. At the lowest Rayleigh number value an oscillatory flow regime is observed, while the flow becomes increasingly irregular, non-repeating, unsymmetric and chaotic at higher Rayleigh number values. The transition to turbulence is studied with time series plots, temperature-vorticity phase diagrams and with power spectra. The enclosure is found to be only partially turbulent, what is qualitatively shown with second order statistics-Reynolds stresses, turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent heat fluxes and temperature variance. Heat transfer is studied via the average Nusselt number value, its time series and its relationship to the Rayleigh number value.
Ključne besede: numerical modelling, boundary element method, discrete wavelet transform, large eddy simulation, velocity-vertocity formulation, natural convection
Objavljeno: 31.05.2012; Ogledov: 1577; Prenosov: 54
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Opis: Only recently have methodical tools adequate to design real-time systems been formally introduced in design methodologies. Naturally, they were present fromthe beginning, but due to the large diversity of embedded systemsć areas of deployment, specially dedicated formalisms have been developed and used. High-level language programming and integration of modeling formalisms into design methods eased the development of more complex real-time applications. With the emerging object-oriented programming languages and design methods, their integration into larger information systems has become more transparent. It was the UML methodology, however, which eventually merged also the design methods and concepts of real-time systems into a consistent whole. It took a large consortium and a long process to persuade industry of the benefits the new integral methodology can offer. On the other hand, there are some trade-offs, and there are some features not completely covered, yet. Here, a different, more straightforward approach to program and design (embedded) real-time systems is presented. Since it emerged from the real-time community, it includes most features relevant there. Independent of the UML profile for schedulability, performance and time specification, a profile was devised for use in PEARL-oriented UML design. The strengths of the mentioned language and design methods for QoS-oriented design of (embedded) real-time systems are emphasised throughout this article.
Ključne besede: real time systems, embedded systems, quality of service, co-design, co-simulation, safety, dependability, security, timeliness, determinism, readiness, reliability, portability, flexibility, specification PEARL, UML profiles, patterns
Objavljeno: 31.05.2012; Ogledov: 1643; Prenosov: 69
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Opis: Cellular structures represent an important class of engineering materials. Typical representative of such structures are metallic foams, which are being increasingly used in many advanced engineering applications due to their low specific weight, appropriate mechanical properties and excellent energy absorption capacity. For optimal design of cellular structures it is necessary to develop proper computational models for use in computational simulations of their behaviour under impact loading. The paper studies the effects of open-cell metallic foam irregularity on deformation behaviour and impact energy absorption during impact loading by means of parametric computational simulations, using the lattice-type modelling of open-cell material structure. The 3D Voronoi technique is used for the reproduction of real, irregular open-cell structure of metallic foams. The method uses as a reference a regular mesh structure and utilises an irregularity parameter to reproduce the irregularity of real open-cell structure. A smoothing technique is introduced to assure proper stability and accuracy of explicit dynamic simulations using the produced lattice models. The effects of the smoothing technique were determined by comparative simulations of smoothed and unsmoothed lattices subjected to dynamic loading.
Ključne besede: open-cell foam, voronoi tessellation, behaviour, computer simulation
Objavljeno: 31.05.2012; Ogledov: 1364; Prenosov: 67
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