Iskanje po katalogu digitalne knjižnice

Opis: In this doctoral dissertation we focus on the most common method of authentication, the username-password combination. The reason for the frequent use of this authentication mechanism is its simplicity and low cost of implementation. Although passwords are so useful, they have many problems. Morris and Thompson, for the first time almost four decades ago, found that textual passwords were a weak security point of information systems. They have come to the conclusion that users are one of the biggest threats to information system’s security. Since then, we face these problems on a daily basis. Users do not perform the behaviours they need to be done in order to stay safe and secure, although they are aware of the security issues. Because this is a research area that security experts have been dealing with for a long time, in this dissertation we wanted to identify problems related to textual passwords and possible suggested solutions. For this purpose, we first performed a systematic literature review on textual passwords and their security. In doing so, we wanted to evaluate the current status of passwords in terms of their strength, ways of managing passwords, and whether users are still the “weakest link”. We found that one of the less researched solutions is proactive password checking. A proactive password checker could filter out the passwords that are easy-to-guess and only let through the passwords that are harder to guess. In order for a proactive password checking to be more effective, it is necessary for the checker to be able to check the probability that a certain password will be selected by the user. For this purpose, the better password checkers usually use certain tools to calculate password probability i.e., password strength. To find out which method is most suitable for calculating password strength, we have looked at similar solutions throughout history. We have found that Markov models are one of the most common methods used for password strength estimation, although we may encounter some problems when using them, such as sparsity and over-fitting. By reviewing similar solutions, we found that Markov models are mostly trained on only one dataset. This could limit the performance of the model in terms of correctly identifying bad or very strong passwords. As training datasets are important in the development of Markov models, it is clear that they will have some effect in the final assessment of the password’s strength. What we explore in our dissertation, is the importance of this effect on the final password strength estimation. Mainly, we focus on exploring the effect of different but similar datasets on password strength estimation. For the purposes of our study, we analysed publicly available sets of “common passwords” and processed them regarding the frequency distribution of the letters contained in these passwords. We built different Markov models based on these datasets and frequency distribution. This helped us determine if one Markov model was sufficient or if several models were needed to effectively estimate password strength for a wide range of passwords. The results showed statistical differences between the models. In more detail, we found that: - different Markov models (trained on different databases) showed statistically different results when tested on the same dataset, - more diverse datasets are needed to be able to calculate the strength of as many passwords as possible, since one “universal” model, trained on one “universal” dataset is less effective at classifying passwords in different categories (i.e., weak, medium, strong), - different Markov models of 1st and 2nd order, in most cases, give no statistically different outputs, - overall, Markov models can be used as a basis for constructing a more effective password checker that uses multiple different and specific Markov models, which could be more effective if we want to cover a wider range of passwords.
Ključne besede: passwords, password analysis, password security, password problems, password strength, systematic literature review, Markov models
Objavljeno: 13.01.2020; Ogledov: 631; Prenosov: 65
Celotno besedilo (1,12 MB)

Opis: The Netherlands used to have a national payment order procedure that was quite similar to the present European Order for Payment Procedure. This procedure was replaced by a procedure for the recovery of uncontested claims in cross-border cases, though not in national cases. Although the Netherlands legislator allows filing a request to obtain a European order for payment via email, it has not yet come into force. Applications (in Dutch) for a European order for payment may be submitted to the district court in The Hague. There are two ways in the Netherlands for serving the defendant with an European Payment Order. It can be sent to the defendant by registered mail or it can be served by a bailiff. The Dutch Execution Act has not introduced any specific formal requirements for the defendant’s statement of opposition. The opposition in the Netherlands does not have to be reasoned. The review procedure is a procedure unfamiliar to Dutch civil procedure. However, it resembles a Dutch procedure in which a defendant appeals against a sentence of a procedure in which he did not appear in court (decision in abstentia).
Ključne besede: order for payment procedure, access to justice, centralization of the procedure, statement of opposition, review, European order for payment, Dutch order for payment
Objavljeno: 23.07.2018; Ogledov: 387; Prenosov: 24
Celotno besedilo (95,47 KB)

Opis: This paper provides a systematic review of published research on lean logistics, green logistics and the combination of both paradigms. Although prior research on all three topics exists, only a few have focused on the field of logistics as such. The present analysis comprises an examination of 98 scientific articles from 35 international journals, published between the years 1994 and 2015. The published studies are classified by next divisions: journal, paradigm, time distribution, research stream and sector-wise focus. Although key findings indicate that over the last couple of years research on all three topics has increased, a research gap regarding the studies of lean and green logistics when combined, has been identified. For all three topics the domination in research typology has been extracted. The findings indicate that most papers examined on the topic of lean logistics come from the manufacturing industries, whereas for the topic green logistics and a combination of green and lean topics no specific sector was identified.
Ključne besede: logistics, lean logistics, green logistics, review of research
Objavljeno: 02.06.2017; Ogledov: 665; Prenosov: 71
Celotno besedilo (690,64 KB)
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Opis: Suppliers in the automotive industry can use for strategical planning a number of different approaches and tools, which can upgrade the quality management systems (ISO 9001, ISO/TS 14696) to achieve the breakthrough power to meet needs in order to achieve a significant role in the automotive supplying chain. One of the very popular and positively accepted tools to achieve continually improving is implementing of the principles of excellence, according to the EFQM model. On the basis of case studies is in the article analysed and represented a useful value of the implementation of the quality management system audits and management review according to ISO/TS and their positive impact on the development of key indicators of the company TPV d.d. from Novo mesto, which is mounted as a development supplier in the automotive industry. With the implementation of self assessment according to the model of excellence EFQM we demonstrate the added value of the take up of the principles of excellence, according to the present system auditing according to ISO standards and the implementation of management review according to ISO/TS requirements. We upgraded in the existing management system performing of management review as manager's tool, which came directly from the requirements of standard ISO/TS, on to the level of the fundamental principles of excellence by EFQM model and mark it as one of the more effective managers tools with which you can still effectively introduces the leadership of the continuous improvements and strategically manages the company.
Ključne besede: quality management standard, EFQM excellence model, auditing, self-assessment, management review
Objavljeno: 10.07.2015; Ogledov: 1071; Prenosov: 298
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Opis: Swarm intelligence is a modern and efficient mechanism for solving hard problems in computer science, engineering, mathematics, economics, medicine and optimization. Swarm intelligence is the collective behavior of decentralized and self-organized systems. This research area is a branch of artificial intelligence and could be viewed as some kind of family relationship with evolutionary computation because both communities share a lot of common characteristics. To date, a lot of swarm intelligence algorithms have been developed and applied to several real-world problems. The main focus of this thesis is devoted to the bat algorithm which is a member of the swarm intelligence community, as developed recently. In line with this, a comprehensive analysis of papers was performed tackling this algorithm. Some hybridizations of the original algorithm were proposed because the preliminary results of this algorithm regarding the optimization of benchmark functions with higher dimensions had not too promising. Extensive experiments showed that the hybridizing the original bat algorithm has beneficial effects on the results of the original bat algorithm. Finally, an experimental study was performed during which we researched for the dependence of an applied randomized method on the results of the original bat algorithm. The results of this study showed that selecting the randomized method had a crucial impact on the results of the original bat algorithm and that the bat algorithm using Levy flights is also suitable for solving the harder optimization problems.
Ključne besede: swarm intelligence, evolutionary computation, bat algorithm, hybridization, review
Objavljeno: 06.09.2013; Ogledov: 2630; Prenosov: 267
Celotno besedilo (8,69 MB)