1. Editorial: Lactic acid bacteria and their bioactive compounds: key regulators of gut microbiota and immune functionSabina Fijan, Nathalie Connil, Bojana Bogovič Matijašić, Marikunte Yanjarappa Sreenivasa, Marimuthu Anandharaj, 2025, drugi znanstveni članki Opis: This Research Topic aimed to compile articles focusing on new insights into the role of lactic acid bacteria in the regulation of the gut microbiota. The main objectives included were understanding how LAB influence gut microbiota composition, identifying bioactive compounds produced by LAB and their effects, elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying LAB's impact on immunity, pathogen exclusion, and intestinal barrier function, and exploring potential therapeutic interventions involving LAB. By addressing these questions, the research was aimed to fill existing gaps in our knowledge and provide a comprehensive understanding of LAB's multifaceted roles in gut health and beyond.
Ključne besede: lactic acid bacteria, probiotics, gut microbiota, health, bacteria, fungi
Objavljeno v DKUM: 04.11.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 2
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2. The antimicrobial effect of various single-strain and multi-strain probiotics, dietary supplements or other beneficial microbes against common clinical wound pathogensSabina Fijan, Primož Kocbek, Andrej Steyer, Polona Maver Vodičar, Maja Strauss, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The skin is the largest organ in the human body and is colonized by a diverse microbiota that works in harmony to protect the skin. However, when skin damage occurs, the skin microbiota is also disrupted, and pathogens can invade the wound and cause infection. Probiotics or other beneficial microbes and their metabolites are one possible alternative treatment for combating skin pathogens via their antimicrobial effectiveness. The objective of our study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of seven multi-strain dietary supplements and eleven single-strain microbes that contain probiotics against 15 clinical wound pathogens using the agar spot assay, co-culturing assay, and agar well diffusion assay. We also conducted genera-specific and species-specific molecular methods to detect the DNA in the dietary supplements and single-strain beneficial microbes. We found that the multi-strain dietary supplements exhibited a statistically significant higher antagonistic effect against the challenge wound pathogens than the single-strain microbes and that lactobacilli-containing dietary supplements and single-strain microbes were significantly more efficient than the selected propionibacteria and bacilli. Differences in results between methods were also observed, possibly due to different mechanisms of action. Individual pathogens were susceptible to different dietary supplements or single-strain microbes. Perhaps an individual approach such as a ‘probiogram’ could be a possibility in the future as a method to find the most efficient targeted probiotic strains, cell-free supernatants, or neutralized cell-free supernatants that have the highest antagonistic effect against individual clinical wound pathogens.
Ključne besede: probiotics, beneficial microbes, wound pathogens, skin pathogens, agar spot, co-culturing, agar well diffusion, molecular methods, PCR
Objavljeno v DKUM: 23.10.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 3
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3. Overview of probiotic strains of Weizmannia coagulans, previously known as Bacillus coagulans, as food supplements and their use in human healthSabina Fijan, Tamara Fijan, Nathalie Connil, 2023, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Weizmannia coagulans, previously known as Bacillus coagulans and before that as Lactobacillus sporogenes, is a spore-forming, lactic acid-producing, Gram-positive, bacillus-shaped bacterial species with several known probiotic strains, including GBI-30, 6086 Unique IS-2, MTCC 5856, LBSC (DSM 17654), TBC169, SNZ 1969, BC30, and T11. This review focusses on the health benefit of these strains. A total of 53 clinical trials were found to use various strains of Weizmannia coagulans. However, 19 of these clinical trials did not provide strain information. Clinical evidence has shown that supplementation with strains of Weizmannia coagulans resulted in statistically significant health effects in the probiotic groups compared to the placebo. Several health benefits of the Weizmannia coagulans strains were found including relieving symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome, constipation, diarrhoea, and other gastrointestinal symptoms, function recovery treatment of non-fatty liver disease, after surgery or in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, quality of life and glucose- and lipid-related biomarkers related to overweight or obese participants or diabetic patients, absorption of protein or muscle integrity and improvement of peri- and post-menopausal symptoms. The main mechanism of action is the modulation of the intestinal microbiota and host immunity. However, in terms of several clinical studies involving small patient populations, others did not provide strain information. Larger, well-designed clinical studies are warranted to support the health benefits of Weizmannia coagulans strains.
Ključne besede: spore-forming bacteria, probiotics, Bacillus coagulans, Weizmannia coagulans
Objavljeno v DKUM: 23.10.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 1
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4. Current Trends in the Applications of Probiotics and Other Beneficial Microbes: Expanding HorizonsSabina Fijan, Tamara Fijan, 2025, drugi znanstveni članki Opis: While pathogenic microbes, such as Yersinia pestis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Clostridium tetani, influenza A virus, and many others, have historically been the focus of scientific attention due to their role in causing severe diseases, beneficial microorganisms are being increasingly recognized for their essential contributions to human, animal, and plant health within the One Health framework, as well as their contributions to nutrition and the stability of ecosystems [...]
Ključne besede: probiotics, beneficial microbes, application
Objavljeno v DKUM: 20.10.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 1
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5. Overview of the efficacy of using probiotics for neurosurgical and potential neurosurgical patientsSabina Fijan, Tomaž Šmigoc, 2024, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: This review delves into the emerging field of the gut microbiota-brain axis, emphasizing its bidirectional communication and implications for neurological health, particularly in trauma and neurosurgery. While disruptions in this axis can lead to dysbiosis and hinder neurological recovery, recent studies have highlighted the therapeutic potential of interventions like probiotics in targeting this axis. This review aims to focus on the efficacy of probiotic supplementation to support the gut microbiota-brain axis in trauma, neurosurgery, or pain based on the current clinical trials to assess the complex interplays among probiotics, the gut microbiota, and the central nervous system (CNS). This comprehensive literature review identified 10 relevant publications on probiotic interventions for various neurosurgical conditions across multiple countries. These studies demonstrated diverse outcomes, with significant improvements observed in gastrointestinal mobility, inflammatory responses, and infection rates, particularly in post-traumatic brain injury and spinal surgery. Probiotics also showed promise in mitigating antibiotic-associated diarrhea and modulating inflammatory cytokines. Despite the promising findings, the complex interplays among probiotics, the gut microbiota, and the central nervous system (CNS) call for cautious interpretation. Conflicting outcomes emphasize the need for better-designed trials to understand strain-specific and disease-specific effects accurately. In conclusion, probiotics offer a promising adjuvant therapy for neurosurgical patients, traumatic brain injuries, and post-spinal surgery. However, further well-designed randomized controlled trials are essential to elucidate the intricate relationship between microbiome-modulating interventions and the CNS via the gut microbiota-brain axis.
Ključne besede: neurologic injury, neurosurgery, probiotics, synbiotics, microbiota, brain injury
Objavljeno v DKUM: 21.11.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 10
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6. Probiotics for the prevention of acute respiratory-tract infections in older people : systematic reviewMaja Strauss, Dušanka Mičetić-Turk, Maja Šikić Pogačar, Sabina Fijan, 2021, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: The aim of this systematic review was to present the indirect influence of probiotics on the incidence and duration of acute upper respiratory-tract infections in older people, by regulating the immune system. Eight randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials met the inclusion criteria, considering the threshold of older people being 60 years and over. Single strain probiotics were used in all studies, including three probiotic strains used in fermented foods: Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CNCM I-1518 and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Shirota, and three probiotic strains used as food supplements: Loigolactobacillus coryniformis K8 CECT5711, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG. Current evidence showed that certain probiotic strains were better than a placebo in lowering the incidence or number of older people experiencing acute upper respiratory tract infections; however, not all probiotic strains were efficient, and not all studies reported statistically significant outcomes. More high quality large-scale properly controlled clinical studies focusing on older people are warranted.
Ključne besede: probiotics, fermented foods, upper respiratory tract infections, older people
Objavljeno v DKUM: 17.10.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 9
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7. Efficacy of direct or indirect use of probiotics for the improvement of maternal depression during pregnancy and in the postnatal period : a systematic review and meta-analysisKlavdija Čuček-Trifkovič, Dušanka Mičetić-Turk, Sergej Kmetec, Maja Strauss, Hannah Dahlen, Jann Foster, Sabina Fijan, 2022, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: The mother and infant form a unique bond, with maternal mental health affecting the interactions with the infant and infant behaviours impacting maternal mental health. One of the possible mechanisms influencing maternal mental health is the manipulation of the gut-brain axis by consuming probiotic supplements. Probiotics can also have an indirect influence on maternal mental health via the modulation of the infant microbiome and consequently improving the infant’s health and thus, indirectly leading to an improvement in maternal mood. This systematic review evaluated the efficacy of probiotics on maternal mental health by searching for randomised controlled trials via international databases: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science until January 2022. A meta-analysis was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration methodology where possible. We found seven clinical trials that included the word probiotics and addressed maternal depression and/or anxiety. Of these, five trials investigated the influence of maternal probiotic supplementation on the gut-brain axis. Two trials investigated the indirect influence of probiotics on maternal depression via supplementation of probiotics by infants and subsequent influence on the crying of colicky infants. Meta-analysis of two studies of pregnant and postnatal women and two studies of infants consuming probiotics on the outcome of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for mothers showed no statistical difference. The findings indicate that maternal depression is very complex and is influenced by various bidirectional factors. One of the factors that can improve maternal mental health is probiotics, however, careful consideration must be given to correct strain selection as strain-specific effectiveness was observed. Further well-designed, robust clinical studies are warranted.
Ključne besede: probiotics, pregnancy, postpartum, depression, prevention, psychobiotics
Objavljeno v DKUM: 05.07.2024; Ogledov: 147; Prenosov: 21
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8. The efficacy of probiotics as antiviral agents for the treatment of rotavirus gastrointestinal infections in children : an updated overview of literatureAndrej Steyer, Dušanka Mičetić-Turk, Sabina Fijan, 2022, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Enteric viruses, including the rotavirus, norovirus, and adenoviruses, are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis. The rotavirus disease is especially prevalent among children, and studies over the past decade have revealed complex interactions between rotaviruses and the gut microbiota. One way to treat and prevent dysbiosis is the use of probiotics as an antiviral agent. This review focuses on the latest scientific evidence on the antiviral properties of probiotics against rotavirus gastroenteric infections in children. A total of 19 studies exhibited a statistically significant antiviral effect of probiotics. The main probiotics that were effective were Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG, and various multi-strain probiotics. The underlying mechanism of the probiotics against rotavirus gastroenteric infections in children included immune enhancement and modulation of intestinal microbiota leading to shortening of diarrhoea. However, several clinical studies also found no significant difference in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group even though well-known strains were used, thus showing the importance of correct dosage, duration of treatment, quality of probiotics and the possible influence of other factors, such as the production process of probiotics and the influence of immunisation on the effect of probiotics. Therefore, more robust, well-designed clinical studies addressing all factors are warranted.
Ključne besede: probiotics, microbiota, rotaviruses
Objavljeno v DKUM: 05.07.2024; Ogledov: 95; Prenosov: 11
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10. Single-strain probiotic lactobacilli for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children : a systematic review and meta-analysisSabina Fijan, Nina Kolč, Metka Hrašovec, Gro Jamtvedt, Maja Šikić Pogačar, Dušanka Mičetić-Turk, Uroš Maver, 2023, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Probiotics are known for their positive effects on the gut microbiota. There is growing evidence that the infant gut and skin colonization have a role in the development of the immune system, which may be helpful in the prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis. This systematic review focused on evaluating the effect of single-strain probiotic lactobacilli consumption on treating children's atopic dermatitis. Seventeen randomized placebo-controlled trials with the primary outcome of the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index were included in the systematic review. Clinical trials using single-strain lactobacilli were included. The search was conducted until October 2022 using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Cochrane library and manual searches. The Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Meta-analyses and sub meta-analyses were performed using Cochrane Collaboration methodology. Due to different methods of reporting the SCORAD index, only 14 clinical trials with 1124 children were included in the meta-analysis (574 in the single-strain probiotic lactobacilli group and 550 in the placebo group) and showed that single-strain probiotic lactobacilli statistically significantly reduced the SCORAD index compared to the placebo in children with atopic dermatitis (mean difference [MD]: -4.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -7.50 to -1.49; Z = 2.93; p = 0.003; heterogeneity I-2 = 90%). The subgroup meta-analysis showed that strains of Limosilactobacillus fermentum were significantly more effective than strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei or Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus. A longer treatment time and younger treatment age statistically significantly reduced symptoms of atopic dermatitis. The result of this systematic review and meta-analysis shows that certain single-strain probiotic lactobacilli are more successful than others in reducing atopic dermatitis severity in children. Therefore, careful consideration to strain selection, treatment time and the age of the treated patients are important factors in enhancing the effectiveness of reducing atopic dermatitis in children when choosing probiotic single-strain lactobacilli.
Ključne besede: probiotics, lactobacilli, atopic dermatitis, children, meta-analysis, systematic review
Objavljeno v DKUM: 16.02.2024; Ogledov: 409; Prenosov: 49
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