1. Targeting cardiovascular risk factors through dietary adaptations and caloric restriction mimeticsJulia Voglhuber, Senka Ljubojevic-Holzer, Mahmoud Abdellatif, Simon Sedej, 2021, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: The average human life expectancy continues to rise globally and so does the prevalence and absolute burden of cardiovascular disease. Dietary restriction promotes longevity and improves various cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome. However, low adherence to caloric restriction renders this stringent dietary intervention challenging to adopt as a standard practice for cardiovascular disease prevention. Hence, alternative eating patterns and strategies that recapitulate the salutary benefits of caloric restriction are under intense investigation. Here, we first provide an overview of alternative interventions, including intermittent fasting, alternate-day fasting and the Mediterranean diet, along with their cardiometabolic effects in animal models and humans. We then present emerging pharmacological alternatives, including spermidine, NAD+ precursors, resveratrol, and metformin, as promising caloric restriction mimetics, and briefly touch on the mechanisms underpinning their cardiometabolic and health-promoting effects. We conclude that implementation of feasible dietary approaches holds the promise to attenuate the burden of cardiovascular disease and facilitate healthy aging in humans.
Ključne besede: autophagy, caloric restriction, caloric restriction mimetics, cardiovascular risk factors, dietary regimens, hypertension, intermittent fasting, obesity
Objavljeno v DKUM: 21.10.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 2
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2. Research trends in motivation and weight loss : a bibliometric-based reviewUroš Železnik, Peter Kokol, Jasmina Starc, Danica Železnik, Jernej Završnik, Helena Blažun Vošner, 2023, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Obesity is a complex disease that, like COVID-19, has reached pandemic proportions. Consequently, it has become a rapidly growing scientific field, represented by an extensive body of research publications. Therefore, the aim of this study was to present the research trends in the scientific literature on motivation and weight loss. Because traditional knowledge synthesis approaches are not appropriate for analyzing large corpora of research evidence, we utilized a novel knowledge synthesis approach called synthetic knowledge synthesis (SKS) to generate new holistic insights into obesity research focusing on motivation. SKS is a triangulation of bibliometric analysis, bibliometric mapping, and content analysis. Using it, we analyzed the corpus of publications retrieved from the Scopus database, using the search string TITLE-ABS-KEY((obesity or overweight) and “weight loss” and motiv*) in titles, keywords, and abstracts, without any additional inclusion or exclusion criteria. The search resulted in a corpus of 2301 publications. The United States of America, the United Kingdom, and Australia were the most productive countries. Four themes emerged, namely, weight loss and weight-loss maintenance through motivational interventions, lifestyle changes supported by smart ICT, maintaining sustainable weight with a healthier lifestyle, and weight management on the level of primary healthcare and bariatric surgery. Further, we established that the volume of research literature is growing, as is the scope of the research. However, we observed a regional concentration of research and its funding in developed countries and almost nonexistent research cooperation between developed and less-developed countries.
Ključne besede: obesity, weight loss, motivation, synthetic knowledge synthesis, bibliometrics, content analysis
Objavljeno v DKUM: 05.06.2024; Ogledov: 142; Prenosov: 13
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3. Skeletal muscle uncoupling proteins in mice models of obesityLidija Križančić Bombek, Maša Čater, 2022, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Obesity and accompanying type 2 diabetes are among major and increasing worldwide problems that occur fundamentally due to excessive energy intake during its expenditure. Endotherms continuously consume a certain amount of energy to maintain core body temperature via thermogenic processes, mainly in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle glucose utilization and heat production are significant and directly linked to body glucose homeostasis at rest, and especially during physical activity. However, this glucose balance is impaired in diabetic and obese states in humans and mice, and manifests as glucose resistance and altered muscle cell metabolism. Uncoupling proteins have a significant role in converting electrochemical energy into thermal energy without ATP generation. Different homologs of uncoupling proteins were identified, and their roles were linked to antioxidative activity and boosting glucose and lipid metabolism. From this perspective, uncoupling proteins were studied in correlation to the pathogenesis of diabetes and obesity and their possible treatments. Mice were extensively used as model organisms to study the physiology and pathophysiology of energy homeostasis. However, we should be aware of interstrain differences in mice models of obesity regarding thermogenesis and insulin resistance in skeletal muscles. Therefore, in this review, we gathered up-to-date knowledge on skeletal muscle uncoupling proteins and their effect on insulin sensitivity in mouse models of obesity and diabetes.
Ključne besede: uncoupling protein, skeletal muscle, insulin, diabetes, obesity
Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.08.2023; Ogledov: 439; Prenosov: 35
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4. Obesity discrimination in the workplace: “You’re hired!”Stuart Flint, Sonia Codreanu, Amalia Gomoiu, Martin Čadek, Vanja Ivić, Colene Zomer, Peter Walton, 2015, drugi sestavni deli Opis: The purpose of this study is to first identify whether obese people are discriminated against when hiring employees. Employees of workforces that vary due to the physical demand of their job, will rate hypo- thetical applicants on their suitability for employment using Likert-type responses to a range of ques- tions. Applicants’ curriculum vitae will be manipulated by weight status and gender. Implicit and explicit attitudes towards obese people will also be examined using existing measures with strong psychometric properties as reported in extant research. Second, using focus group discussions with employees of either sedentary or physically active workforces, this study will explore why and in what ways obese people are discriminated against in the workplace.
Ključne besede: obesity, discrimination, workplace, implicit, explicit
Objavljeno v DKUM: 09.08.2017; Ogledov: 1342; Prenosov: 429
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5. Obesity discrimination in the recruitment process: "You're not hired!"Stuart Flint, Martin Čadek, Sonia Codreanu, Vanja Ivić, Colene Zomer, Amalia Gomoiu, 2016, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Previous literature reports that obese persons are discriminated in the workplace. Evidence suggests that obese people are perceived as having less leadership potential, and in comparison to normal weight peers, are expected to be less successful. This study examined whether obese people are discriminated against when applying for employment. Three hypotheses were offered in line with previous research: (1) obese people are less likely to be assessed positively on personnel suitability than normal weight people; (2) obese people in active employment are more likely to be discriminated against than people in non-active employment; and (3) obese women are more likely to be discriminated against than obese men. 181 Participants were sampled from sedentary, standing, manual and heavy manual occupations. Participants rated hypothetical candidates on their suitability for employment. Employees also completed measures of implicit and explicit attitudes toward obesity. MANOVA was conducted to examine if obese candidates were discriminated against during the recruitment procedure. Results demonstrated that participants rated obese candidates as less suitable compared with normal weight candidates and when the weight status of the candidate was not revealed for work across the four workplace groups. Participant gender and weight status also impacted perceptions of candidates’ suitability for work and discrimination toward obese candidates was higher in participants from more physically demanding occupations. The study findings contribute to evidence that obese people are discriminated against in the hiring process and support calls for policy development.
Ključne besede: psychology, obesity, discrimination, workplace, implicit, explicit
Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.07.2017; Ogledov: 1480; Prenosov: 481
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6. Modelling of the risk factors and chronic diseases that influence the development of serious health complicationsMaja Atanasijević-Kunc, Jože Drinovec, Simona Ručigaj, Aleš Mrhar, 2008, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background: Some chronic diseases, like diabetes type 2 and hypertension, and risk factors, such as obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking, are strongly correlated with the potential development of serious health complications that can threaten a patient's life or significantly influence the quality of life, while at the same time representing an enormous economic burden. Such complications include, for example, stroke, coronary heart disease, peripheralarterial vascular disease, end-stage renal disease and congestive heart failure.
Methods: For a quantitative evaluation of the mentioned patient groups, the age distribution and an estimation of the treatment expenses a dynamic mathematical model was developed, where special attention was devoted to its structure, as it should enable the sequential construction and representation of different forms of data information. The model was realized in the Matlab program package with the Simulink Toolbox.
Conclusions: A dynamic mathematical model is described that enables the observation of patients (in percentage terms) with diabetes type 2 and obesity, as well as those who smoke, have hypercholesterolemia and hypertension and all possible combinations of these problems, related to their age. Taking into account the Slovenian demographic data and annual treatment expenses, we were able to quantitatively evaluate these factors, not only in Slovenia but also in other developed regions where the demographic and economic situations are similar. It is also possible to extend the model to patients with serious complications, also taking into account the population dynamics, which is the goal of the next steps in our investigation.
Regarding the presented results, it is estimated that from a group of a million people, those requiring treatment for diabetes type 2 cost as much as € 19.5 millions per year, since the treatment of one patient for one year is € 355. If all the sufferers requiring such treatment were located, as a consequence of more systematic medical examinations, an additional € 16 millions would be needed.
In this group of one million people, as many as 40 % are expected to develop hypercholesterolemia, of which 26 % are diagnosed and treated adequately. The annual cost for the treatment of one patient is 313, which means that for a group of a million people the costs would be € 82 millions per year. An additional € 43.5 millions would be needed if all the sufferers with hypercholesterolemia were treated.
Another chronic disease is hypertension. The annual cost for treating one patient is estimated to be €
271, and so for a group of a million people the treatment costs would be € 69.5 millions. If this were extended to include so far undiscovered sufferers with this chronic disease an additional € 14.5 millions would be needed.
Ključne besede: modelling, simulation, diabetes type 2, obesity, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension
Objavljeno v DKUM: 28.03.2017; Ogledov: 1144; Prenosov: 121
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7. Gastric banding outcomes are better if patients participate in the support groupBrane Breznikar, Dejan Dinevski, Gregor Kunst, Barbara Rožej, 2012, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Introduction: We analyzed our first five years of performing gastric bandings.We monitored weight reduction in patients with regard to their participation in the support group. Based on our experience, gastric banding is successful only with thorough assessment and treatment before surgery, as well as methodical, professional support after it. Those who participated in the support group more often had a greater weight reduction than those who were present less frequently.
Patients and methods: We performed 264 gastric bandings between May 2005 and May 2010 (66.5% of all bariatric procedures). Onaverage, patients were 41.0 years old and had a BMI of 42.4 kg/m2. There were 224 female (84.8%) and 40 male patients (15.2%). We followed 192 patientsfor more than one year. 155 patients (80.7%) were evaluated with BAROS. We excluded patients with hormonal disorders and other pathologies preoperatively. Because gastric banding is not suitable for every patient, we made a thorough psychological evaluation of the patients before the procedure.We offered preoperative and postoperative psychological and dietary support when needed.
Results: Patients lost on average 23.4 kg, 31.4 kg and 33.7 kg after the 1st, 2nd and 3rd year, respectively (EWL average of 50.3%, 65.6% and 69.8%, respectively). We monitored the resolution of comorbidities and complications. Both the "comorbidity" and "without comorbidity" groups achieved a grade of "good" on the BAROS quality of life scale (4.85 and 2.64 respectively). Given the Pearson coefficient of r = 0.58 (p < 0.001), we concluded that there is a "moderate to strong" correlation between the number of visits in the support group and EWL.
Conclusions: Weight reduction is greater when patients participate in the support group after bariatric surgery.
Ključne besede: bariatric surgery, morbid obesity, gastric banding, support group, comorbidities
Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.07.2015; Ogledov: 1292; Prenosov: 100
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