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2. A review of analytical techniques for the analysis of oral smokeless products and heated tobacco productsMatjaž Rantaša, David Majer, Matjaž Finšgar, 2025, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: The increasing popularity in recent years of oral smokeless products (OSPs) and heated tobacco products (HTPs) has raised significant public health and regulatory concerns. Although these products are often marketed as less harmful alternatives to traditional cigarettes, they differ considerably in both design and, more importantly, in their chemical composition. Notably, they contain potentially dangerous compounds such as tobacco-specific nitrosamines, flavorings, heavy metals, and nicotine, which can be addictive and harmful to human health at certain concentrations. This work provides an overview of the analytical techniques and methods used to analyze OSPs and HTPs, including the determination of moisture content and pH, the extraction of various compounds, the generation of HTP aerosol, and non-targeted analysis, as well as the quantification of extracted compounds using gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and spectroscopy. Identifying and quantifying the chemical composition of OSPs and HTPs is essential for assessing their health impact and developing proper regulatory standards regarding these products.
Ključne besede: gas chromatography, heated tobacco products, liquid chromatography, nicotine, oral smokeless products
Objavljeno v DKUM: 13.11.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 2
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3. Cultural moderators of green product purchase intention : an examination through the lens of the theory of planned behaviorNika Rakuša, Borut Milfelner, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Despite their potential for promoting environmental sustainability, understanding consumer adoption of green products is limited since such behavior is complex, as it may differ from typical purchasing motives and cultural values. Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was used in this study to address the main research problem of how PBC attitudes, subjective norms, environmental (un)concern, and environmental knowledge, influence consumers’ green product purchase intention. It also explores how cultural values moderate these relationships, specifically man-nature orientation and LTO. This study proposes a structural model with multigroup analysis to address the moderating impacts on a sample of 216 respondents participating in an online survey. Results show that attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and environmental knowledge positively influence consumers’ green product purchase intention. The group analysis results imply that the dominant group’s environmental concern negatively impacts purchase intention, while this relationship is not significant in the subordinate group. Also, the influence of subjective norms on purchase intention is significantly stronger in the dominant group. The long-term orientation also moderates the relationship between attitude toward green products and purchase intention. The insights from this research extend the literature in TPB and provide practical implications to marketing managers concerning developing marketing communication strategies, perceived value proposals, and the reputation of green products.
Ključne besede: theory of planned behavior, man-nature orientation, green products, long-term orientation, purchase intention
Objavljeno v DKUM: 01.10.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 9
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4. The effect of brand association and brand image on the brand awareness of Lithuanian companies of digital productsGita Šakytė-Statnickė, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Purpose: Brand awareness enables brand recognition in different market conditions, which is very important for companies selling digital products or providing digital services. Purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of brand association and brand image on the brand awareness of Lithuanian companies of digital products. These factors are important and have an impact on brand awareness, but their impact on the brand awareness of digital products in particular has not been investigated. Methods: A questionnaire was conducted to a sample of 403 consumers who buy and use digital products in Lithuania. The Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model was created and a statistically significant direct positive impact of brand association and brand image on brand awareness of companies of digital products was determined. Results: The empirical research of the effect of brand association and brand image on the brand awareness of Lithuanian companies of digital products revealed a statistically significant direct positive impact of brand association and brand image on brand awareness of companies of digital products. The strongest direct positive impact of brand image on brand awareness than brand association. Conclusion: The findings of research provide valuable insights into the crucial role played by brand association and brand image in building brand awareness for companies of digital products.
Ključne besede: brand awareness, brand association, brand image, digital products
Objavljeno v DKUM: 14.08.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 4
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5. Adoption of social media for products marketing in Algerian traditional and handicraft firms : evidence from Setif provinceIlyes Charchafa, Bilal Kimouche, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Social media provides opportunities for traditional and handicraft industries to promote products and stimulate sales. Therefore, this study investigates the extent of social media adoption for product marketing among a sample of Algerian traditional and handicraft industries. For that, a questionnaire was administered to 123 randomly selected industries in Setif province. The results revealed moderate social media use for product marketing, along with low awareness of its benefits. The level of usage is strongly associated with awareness but was negligibly affected by age. Experience with social media did not predict usage for marketing. The findings suggest that this sector can further capitalise on social media by increasing managers’ awareness of its advantages and developing strategies to enhance its adoption. Further research should identify specific actions that traditional and handicraft firms can take to fully leverage social media for product promotion and sales growth.
Ključne besede: social media marketing, Algerian traditional and handicraft, industry, products marketing
Objavljeno v DKUM: 01.08.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 4
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6. The classification of two lines Mahavier productsRene Gril Rogina, Will Brian, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: inverse limit, fan, closed relations, Mahavier products, set-valued function, Lelek fan, Cantor fan
Objavljeno v DKUM: 25.07.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 16
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7. Hydrothermal decomposition of virgin and waste polylactic acid with subcritical water under N[sub]2 and air atmospheresMaja Čolnik, Mihael Irgolič, Mojca Škerget, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: This study addresses the inherent shortcomings of poly (lactic acid) (PLA), a biodegradable polymer widely used in industries such as packaging and biomedical applications. The principal challenge of PLA resides in its low crystallinity, which detrimentally affects its mechanical properties and thermal stability. Additionally, PLA is prone to water and hydrolysis, which compromises its chemical resistance and can lead to degradation over time. To overcome surmount these limitations, the study focuses on the development of hybrid films through the blending of PLA with poly (l-lactide-co-ethylene adipate) (pLEA) block copolymers. The objective is to augment the crystallinity, mechanical performance, and chemical resistance of the resulting materials. The study employs a range of analytical techniques, including Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Polarised Light Microscopy (PLM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), to thoroughly characterize the copolymers and blend films. By systematically selecting blending ratios and processing methodologies, the study demonstrates enhancements in the properties of the resultant hybrid films compared to neat PLA. Specifically, the structure of films significantly changed from amorphous to crystalline in a short duration - 5 min, of annealing., leading to better tensile strength, modulus and reduced wettability, which are crucial for applications requiring durability and resistance to environmental factors. Films made from 30 wt% of pLEA 97.5/2.5 with 70 % of PLA by fast cooling exhibited outstanding mechanical properties, with a tensile strength 20 MPa higher than that of neat PLA films. Additionally, the chemical resistance may be improved, as evidenced by a decrease in wettability by approximately 15° and a reduction in the polar component of the surface free energy by about 7 mN/m. Hydrophobic, water-repellent materials resist penetration by water and other polar solvents, reducing exposure to corrosive substances and enhancing chemical resistance through barrier protection. Overall, this research addresses the limitations of PLA through innovative copolymerization and blending strategies, offering valuable insights into optimizing the material's properties for various practical applications.
Ključne besede: biopolymers recycling, polylactic acid, subcritical water, lactic acid, carboxylic acids, gaseous products
Objavljeno v DKUM: 01.04.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 12
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8. An embedding of the Cantor fan into the Lelek fanIztok Banič, Goran Erceg, Judy A. Kennedy, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The Lelek fan L is usually constructed as a subcontinuum of the Cantor fan in such a way that the set of the end-points of L is dense in L. It easily follows that the Lelek fan is embeddable into the Cantor fan. It is also a well-known fact that the Cantor fan is embeddable into the Lelek fan, but this is less obvious. When proving this, one usually uses the well-known result by Dijkstra and van Mill that the Cantor set is embeddable into the complete Erdős space, and the well-known fact by Kawamura, Oversteegen, and Tymchatyn that the set of end-points of the Lelek fan is homeomorphic to the complete Erdős space. Then, the subcontinuum of the Lelek fan that is induced by the embedded Cantor set into the set of end-points of the Lelek fan, is a Cantor fan. In our paper, we give an alternative straightforward embedding of a Cantor fan into the Lelek fan. We do not use the fact that the Cantor set is embeddable into the complete Erdős space and that it is homeomorphic to the set of end-points of the Lelek fan. Instead, we use our recent techniques of Mahavier products of closed relations to produce an embedding of the Cantor fan into the Lelek fan. Since the Cantor fan is universal for the family of all smooth fans, it follows that also the Lelek fan is universal for smooth fans.
Ključne besede: closed relations, Mahavier products, fans, Cantor fans, Lelek fans
Objavljeno v DKUM: 04.03.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 11
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9. Chaos and mixing homeomorphisms on fansIztok Banič, Goran Erceg, Judy A. Kennedy, Christopher Mouron, Van Nall, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: We construct a mixing homeomorphism on both the Lelek fan and the Cantor fan. We also construct a family of uncountably many pairwise non-homeomorphic smooth (and non-smooth) fans that admit mixing homeomorphisms.
Ključne besede: closed relations, Mahavier products, transitive dynamical systems, transitive homeomorphisms, mixing homeomorphisms, smooth fan
Objavljeno v DKUM: 26.02.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 11
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10. Modeling and optimization of anaerobic digestion technology : current status and future outlookTina Kegl, Eloisa Torres Jiménez, Breda Kegl, Anita Kovač Kralj, Marko Kegl, 2025, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an important technology that can be engaged to produce renewable energy and valuable products from organic waste while reducing the net greenhouse gas emissions. Due to the AD process complexity, further development of AD technology goes hand in hand with the advancement of underlying mathematical models and optimization techniques. This paper presents a comprehensive and critical review of current AD process modeling and optimization techniques as well as various aspects of further processing of AD products. The most important mechanistically inspired, kinetic, and phenomenological AD models and the most frequently used deterministic and stochastic methods for AD process optimization are addressed. The foundations, properties, and features of these models and methods are highlighted, discussed, and compared with respect to advantages, disadvantages, and various performance metrics; the models are also ranked with respect to adequately introduced criteria. Since AD process optimization affects heavily the required treatment and utilization of AD products, biogas and digestate utilization in the production of renewable energy and other valuable products is also addressed. Furthermore, special attention is devoted to the challenges and future research needs related to AD modeling and optimization, such are modeling issues related to foaming and microbial activities, AD model parameters calibration, CFD simulation challenges, availability of experimental data, and optimization of the AD process with respect to further biogas and digestate utilizations. As current research results indicate, further progress in these areas could notably improve AD modeling robustness and accuracy as well as AD optimization performance.
Ključne besede: renewable energy, anaerobic digestion, biogas plant, mathematical models, optimization algorithms, products utilization
Objavljeno v DKUM: 31.01.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 17
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