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1.
Interlayer connectivity affects the coherence resonance and population activity patterns in two-layered networks of excitatory and inhibitory neurons
David Ristič, Marko Gosak, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: The firing patterns of neuronal populations often exhibit emergent collective oscillations, which can display substantial regularity even though the dynamics of individual elements is very stochastic. One of the many phenomena that is often studied in this context is coherence resonance, where additional noise leads to improved regularity of spiking activity in neurons. In this work, we investigate how the coherence resonance phenomenon manifests itself in populations of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. In our simulations, we use the coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillators in the excitable regime and in the presence of neuronal noise. Formally, our model is based on the concept of a two-layered network, where one layer contains inhibitory neurons, the other excitatory neurons, and the interlayer connections represent heterotypic interactions. The neuronal activity is simulated in realistic coupling schemes in which neurons within each layer are connected with undirected connections, whereas neurons of different types are connected with directed interlayer connections. In this setting, we investigate how different neurophysiological determinants affect the coherence resonance. Specifically, we focus on the proportion of inhibitory neurons, the proportion of excitatory interlayer axons, and the architecture of interlayer connections between inhibitory and excitatory neurons. Our results reveal that the regularity of simulated neural activity can be increased by a stronger damping of the excitatory layer. This can be accomplished with a higher proportion of inhibitory neurons, a higher fraction of inhibitory interlayer axons, a stronger coupling between inhibitory axons, or by a heterogeneous configuration of interlayer connections. Our approach of modeling multilayered neuronal networks in combination with stochastic dynamics offers a novel perspective on how the neural architecture can affect neural information processing and provide possible applications in designing networks of artificial neural circuits to optimize their function via noise-induced phenomena.
Ključne besede: neuronal dynamics, coherence resonance, excitatory neurons, inhibitory neurons, neural network, multilayer network, interlayer connectivity
Objavljeno v DKUM: 20.12.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 3
.pdf Celotno besedilo (6,72 MB)
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2.
Suggestopedia - a theoretical approach to understanding its principles and reasons for its use in practice
Andrej Karner, 2016, diplomsko delo

Opis: Suggestopedia is a teaching method, originally developed by psychiatrist Dr. Georgi Lozanov, the foundations of which are built upon the knowledge of psychology, neurology and linguistics. By combining the knowledge of suggestology, medical facts and well-established psychological effects, Lozanov attempted to reconcile various aspects of this knowledge by their systematic and strategic integration. This has been achieved by using suggestion as a common denominator, and creating the carefully coordinated “set-up” (preparation of the classroom and the students) which would then make tapping into the “hidden reserves” of our brain possible. Lozanov argues that these reserve capacities, although present, are normally more or less inhibited by parasitic conscious and subconscious thought processes, which he calls barriers, and that it is critical to discard or override, i.e. de-suggest them, and then suggest new standards prior to any language teaching. Hence, this involves the process of suggesting as well as the process of de-suggesting, i.e. erasing negative ideas by setting and anchoring positive ones. In every-day life, language (mother tongue or foreign language) is by far more dependent on subconscious processes (automaticity) than on conscious ones. In fact, it is believed that about 95% of the language acquisition happens by employing these subconscious mechanisms. And this is believed to give us fluency and grammatical accuracy at the same time. Since it makes sense that the acquisition of knowledge should follow the principle of economy and efficiency, and, at the same time, should have a solid scientific support, the fact that suggestopedia, in addition to employing various types of suggestions, also makes use of almost all known beneficial psychological effects found in humans makes this method rather scientifically plausible. In Slovenian elementary schools suggestopedia did not establish itself either as the principal or alternative teaching method. One definitive reason for this situation is that the method is almost unknown. The other reason lies in the lack of appropriate (suggestopedic) teacher training which is mainly due to the first reason. In terms of suggestopedia being applied as an alternative teaching method in Slovenian elementary schools, although a fair amount of mistrust towards the effectiveness of the method has been revealed, the general attitude of the teachers toward suggestopedia, nevertheless, is not negative or reluctive, but rather positive and embracive, and there is a general consensus that suggestopedia is an acceptable alternative to the standard way of teaching.
Ključne besede: Suggestopedia, Superlearning, memory enhancement, language acquisition, neurons, episodic memory, semantic memory
Objavljeno v DKUM: 25.11.2016; Ogledov: 2522; Prenosov: 123
.pdf Celotno besedilo (7,10 MB)

3.
Human-machine interfacing by decoding surface electromyogram
Dario Farina, Aleš Holobar, 2015, izvirni znanstveni članek

Ključne besede: decoding, electromyography, human computer interaction, neurons, accuracyuser interfaces
Objavljeno v DKUM: 25.05.2015; Ogledov: 1609; Prenosov: 0

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