Iskanje po katalogu digitalne knjižnice

Opis: In this paper, we explore the impact of four different types of dissimilarity-driven behavior on the evolution of cooperation in the spatial public goods game. While it is commonly assumed that individuals adapt their strategy by imitating one of their more successful neighbors, in reality only very few will be awarded the highest payoffs. Many have equity or equality preferences, and they have to make do with an average or even with a low payoff. To account for this, we divide the population into two categories. One consists of payoff-driven players, while the other consists of dissimilarity-driven players. The later imitate the minority strategy in their group based on four different dissimilaritydriven behaviors. The rule that most effectively promotes cooperation, and this regardless of the multiplication factor of the public goods game, is when individuals adopt the minority strategy only when their payoff is better than that of their neighbors. If the dissimilarity-driven players adopt the minority strategy regardless of the payoffs of others, or if their payoff is the same, the population typically evolves towards a neutral state where cooperators and defectors are equally common. This may be beneficial when the multiplication factor is low, when defectors would otherwise dominate. However, if the dissimilarity-driven players adopt the minority strategy only when their payoff is worse than that of their neighbors, then cooperation is not promoted at all in comparison to the baseline case in the absence of dissimilarity-driven behavior. We explore the pattern formation behind these results, and we discuss their wider implications for the better understanding of cooperative behavior in social groups.
Ključne besede: theoretical biology, evolution, agent-based modeling, complex system, network science, evolutionary game theory
Objavljeno v DKUM: 26.02.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 3
Celotno besedilo (5,13 MB)
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Opis: Biobased monomers offer a means to enhance the sustainability of acrylic resins, which are traditionally manufactured from acrylate and methacrylate monomers derived from petrochemical sources. However, utilizing renewable feedstocks for these monomers is currently not economically viable, necessitating the exploration of alternative pathways for producing sustainable acrylic resins. Itaconates, which are produced via fermentation, share a similar structure with conventional monomers, making it possible to achieve comparable polymer properties without significantly changing production processes. However, itaconates have limitations: they depropagate at lower temperatures and exhibit much slower polymerization rates than conventional methacrylates during homopolymerization. This study explores the copolymerization of itaconates with acrylates under standard commercial conditions as a promising approach to address these challenges. The copolymerization of dibutyl itaconate (DBI) with butyl acrylate (BA) is examined in detail. Initial investigations involved batch homopolymerizations of DBI, varying monomer and initiator concentrations, solvent types, and reaction temperatures to validate known propagation and termination kinetics and to gain a deeper understanding of DBI depropagation. Conversion rates and molecular weight distributions were measured using 1H NMR and size exclusion chromatography, respectively. These results were used to refine the representation of depropagation kinetics by fitting the data to a comprehensive kinetic model of DBI homopolymerization, implemented in the PREDICI software, with additional kinetic parameters sourced from recent literature. Subsequently, BA was employed as a highly reactive, non-depropagating comonomer in a batch system to mitigate the strong depropagation and slow polymerization rates of DBI. Experiments were conducted with varying initial monomer concentrations and compositions at different temperatures. In addition to demonstrating that BA significantly enhances the polymerization rate, the data provided initial estimates of reactivity ratios for acrylate-itaconate copolymerization. Furthermore, semi-batch copolymerization experiments were performed with varying monomer compositions under starved feed conditions and elevated temperatures, reflecting typical commercial practices. These trials indicated that resins containing up to 50% itaconate are feasible for production, offering the potential to greatly increase the sustainable content of acrylic polymer resins. Finally, a comprehensive kinetic model for BA/DBI copolymerization, incorporating itaconate depropagation and acrylate backbiting, was developed using the PREDICI software. The model's predictions are compared to experimental batch and semi-batch conversion profiles, polymer molar mass distributions, and comonomer composition drift profiles. This comparison enhances the understanding of the system and provides a tool for further process development and optimization of operating conditions.
Ključne besede: Itaconates, Bio-based monomer, Kinetic modeling, Sustainable acrylic resins, Depropagation
Objavljeno v DKUM: 12.02.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 7
Celotno besedilo (5,03 MB)

Ključne besede: IPMSM, iron core losses, multi-physics modeling, SVPWM, thermal lumped parameter model
Objavljeno v DKUM: 31.01.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 6
Celotno besedilo (4,39 MB)

Opis: Metals with certain porosity are a new class of materials with extremely low density and a unique combination of excellent mechanical, thermal, electrical, and biocompatible properties. Absorption of impact and shock energy, dust and fluid filtration, construction materials, and most importantly, biocompatible implants are all potential applications for metallic foams. An orthopaedic implant made of metallic foam can provide an open-cell structure that allows for the ingrowth of new bone tissue and the transport of body fluids. Due to its strong biocompatibility and stable fixation between the implant and human bone, titanium foam has recently received much attention as an implant material. Finite element modelling is a suitable method to obtain an efficiently designed implant. Accurate finite element analyses depend on the precision before implementation as well as the functionality of the material properties employed. Since the mechanical performances of titanium foam and solid titanium are different, a constitutive model for porous metal is required. The model of Deshpande and Fleck in the finite element analysis software ABAQUS is used to describe the compressive and flexural deformation properties of titanium foam with 63.5% porosity. The finite element simulation results were compared with the practical mechanical properties obtained by compression testing of the foam. Finally, the material modelling was used to investigate the stress distributions on the dental implant system.
Ključne besede: finite element analysis, ABAQUS, titanium foam, sintering, dental implant, material modeling, mechanical properties, bending, compressing
Objavljeno v DKUM: 25.09.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 3
Celotno besedilo (2,81 MB)
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Opis: Purpose – Ready-mix concrete delivery problem (RMCDP), a specific version of the vehicle routing problem (VRP), is a relevant supply-chain engineering task for construction management with various formulations and solving methods. This problem can range from a simple scenario involving one source, one material and one destination to a more challenging and complex case involving multiple sources, multiple materials and multiple destinations. This paper presents an Internet of Things (IoT)-supported active building information modeling (BIM) system for optimized multi-project ready-mix concrete (RMC) delivery. Design/methodology/approach – The presented system is BIM-based, IoT supported, dynamic and automatic input/output exchange to provide an optimal delivery program for multi-project ready-mix-concrete problem. The input parameters are extracted as real-time map-supported IoT data and transferred to the system via an application programming interface (API) into a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) optimization model developed to perform the optimization. The obtained optimization results are further integrated into BIM by conventional project management tools. To demonstrate the features of the suggested system, an RMCDP example was applied to solve that included four building sites, seven eligible concrete plants and three necessary RMC mixtures. Findings – The system provides the optimum delivery schedule for multiple RMCs to multiple construction sites, as well as the optimum RMC quantities to be delivered, the quantities from each concrete plant that must be supplied, the best delivery routes, the optimum execution times for each construction site, and the total minimal costs, while also assuring the dynamic transfer of the optimized results back into the portfolio of multiple BIM projects. The system can generate as many solutions as needed by updating the real-time input parameters in terms of change of the routes, unit prices and availability of concrete plants. Originality/value – The suggested system allows dynamic adjustments during the optimization process, andis adaptable to changes in input data also considering the real-time input data. The system is based on spreadsheets, which are widely used and common tool that most stakeholders already utilize daily, while also providing the possibility to apply a more specialized tool. Based on this, the RMCDP can be solved using both conventional and advanced optimization software, enabling the system to handle even large-scale tasks as necessary.
Ključne besede: active building information modeling, BIM, internet of things, IoT, multi-project environment, optimization, ready-mix-concrete delivery, RMC
Objavljeno v DKUM: 11.09.2024; Ogledov: 32; Prenosov: 9
Celotno besedilo (3,94 MB)
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