Iskanje po katalogu digitalne knjižnice

Opis: In filling lines equipped with membrane separation devices in the form of filters energy, consumption is only one of the important working parameters, the other being sustainable filter performance in terms of separation efficiency. As the filling line is typically equipped with a valve, intermittent operation of the filter is an important form of its use. Whereas the overall energy consumption of the filtration process is governed by the continuous operation mode, the intermittent mode, characterised by opening/closing of the valve, contributes most to problems of filter failure, i.e., the breakthrough of filtered particles through the membrane. A model for determination of the energy intake of a microfiltration membrane during the opening and closing of a valve is presented in this work. The model is based on computational analysis of the pressure wave signals recorded during the opening/closing of the valve using Fourier transform, and expressed in a nondimensional filter area specific energy intake form. The model is applied to a case of constant pressure dead-end microfiltration with three filter types: a single membrane filter, a stacked filter and a pleated filter with filtration surface areas ranging from 17.7 cm2 to 2000 cm2. Both clean filters, as well as partially clogged filter cases are taken into account. Second order polynomial models of the energy intake are developed and evaluated based on extensive analysis of the experimental data. The analysis of energy intake results show that the largest energy intake was observed for the clean filter case. When membrane fouling occurs at the constant flow rate values it leads to larger energy intake, however, due to a decreasing specific flow rate during fouling these values do not exceed the clean filter case.
Ključne besede: membrane filtration, water hammer effect, membrane energy intake, filter clogging
Objavljeno v DKUM: 28.03.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 1
Celotno besedilo (4,01 MB)
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Opis: Doktorska disertacija je razdeljena na štiri dele, v katerih sta obravnavana študija biološke aktivnosti ekstraktov olupkov manga (MPE) ter optimiranje sinteznih metod transportnih sistemov (alginatne kroglice, liposomi in micelarne membrane mikrobnega izvora), vključno z njihovo funkcionalizacijo z MPE za različne terapevtske aplikacije (in vitro). V prvem delu smo s pomočjo različnih ekstrakcijskih metod iz svežih in suhih olupkov manga pridobili MPE z visoko vsebnostjo totalnih fenolov, proantocianidinov, posameznih fenolnih spojin, proteinov in nekaterih encimov v aktivnih oblikah ter z visoko antioksidativno aktivnostjo. Nadalje smo potrdili protibakterijske lastnosti testiranih MPE na rast Gram-negativnih (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) ter Gram-pozitivnih bakterij (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus). Z uporabo nizkocenovnega postopka sušenja olupkov manga na zraku smo ohranili biološko aktivnost MPE. Na vsebnost bioaktivnih spojin in biološko aktivnost pa sta vplivala tudi uporabljena ekstrakcijska metoda in topilo. Ultrazvočni etanolni MPE iz suhih olupkov je zagotovil dobro protibakterijsko in antioksidativno delovanje, zato smo ga v nadaljevanju vgradili v različne transportne sisteme. V drugem delu smo MPE enkapsulirali v alginatne kroglice, proizvedene z metodo ionotropske gelacije. Sintetizirani napredni biološko aktivni sistem izkazuje dobro termično stabilnost s temperaturo degradacije nad 270 °C. Prav tako ni bilo prisotnih razpok na površini sintetiziranih liofiliziranih alginatnih kroglic. Alginatne kroglice so se izkazale kot odličen transportni sistem za enkapsuliran MPE zaradi stabilnosti pri kislih želodčnih pogojih in posledično doseganje tarčnega mesta (črevesje), kjer smo dosegli postopno sproščanje MPE, kar pomembno vpliva na uspešno absorpcijo v telesu. S protibakterijsko študijo smo dokazali pomemben inhibitorni učinek alginatnih kroglic z MPE na rast patogenih črevesnih bakterij E. coli in S. aureus. V tretjem delu smo optimirali sintezo liposomov za uspešno enkapsulacijo MPE. Za formulacijo liposomov smo uporabili metodo hidracije tankega lipidnega filma z dodatkom 5 mm steklenih kroglic in 24-h stresanjem. Zelo stabilno in monodisperzno formulacijo liposomov z velikostjo delcev <300 nm smo dosegli z uporabo polarnega organskega topila etanola, z uporabo nepolarnih topil pa so najboljšo stabilnost izkazovali liposomi, proizvedeni s kloroformom. Uspešno smo enkapsulirali MPE v liposome in potrdili profil enakomernega sproščanja MPE, vključno z inhibitorno aktivnostjo na rast E. coli in S. aureus. Sintetizirani liposomi z enkapsuliranim MPE se med postopkom liofilizacije niso degradirali, prav tako so bili termično stabilni in ni bilo zaznati signifikantnih kemijskih interakcij med enkapsulirano bioaktivno spojino ter lipidi fosfolipidnega dvosloja. V četrtem delu smo optimirali gojenje terapevtskih gob Ganoderma lucidum in Pleurotus ostreatus s submerzno kultivacijo za doseganje najvišjega prirasta in posledično najintenzivnejše tvorbe micelarnih membran s sposobnostjo visoke absorpcije vode. Sestava in pH rastnega medija sta imela ključen vpliv na tvorbo membran ter njihove karakteristike. Najustreznejši rastni pogoji so bili zagotovljeni pri bazičnem pH v mediju, ki je vseboval sladni ekstrakt za G. lucidum, in v mediju z dodatkom glukoze za P. ostreatus. Zaradi hidrofilne spodnje površine micelarnih membran so te izkazovale visoko sposobnost absorpcije vode, in sicer več kot 600 % za P. ostreatus in do 500 % za G. lucidum. Potrdili smo prisotnost širokega spektra funkcionalnih skupin, termično stabilnost s temperaturo degradacije nad 260 °C ter vlaknasto in porozno strukturo nastalih micelarnih membran. Micelarne membrane obeh gob smo nadalje uspešno funkcionalizirali z MPE ter dosegli enakomeren in postopen profil sproščanja MPE, vključno z uspešnim protibakterijskim delovanjem funkcionaliziranih membran na rast E. coli in S. aureus.
Ključne besede: mango, ekstrakcija, polifenolne spojine, protibakterijska aktivnost, transportni sistemi, alginatne kroglice, liposomi, micelarne membrane, funkcionalizacija, enkapsulacija, vgrajevanje, in vitro sproščanje, karakterizacija
Objavljeno v DKUM: 02.10.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 53
Celotno besedilo (13,98 MB)

Opis: Extracellular pH has the potential to affect various aspects of the pancreatic beta cell function. To explain this effect, a number of mechanisms was proposed involving both extracellular and intracellular targets and pathways. Here, we focus on reassessing the influence of extracellular pH on glucose-dependent beta cell activation and collective activity in physiological conditions. To this end we employed mouse pancreatic tissue slices to perform high-temporally resolved functional imaging of cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations. We investigated the effect of either physiological H+ excess or depletion on the activation properties as well as on the collective activity of beta cell in an islet. Our results indicate that lowered pH invokes activation of a subset of beta cells in substimulatory glucose concentrations, enhances the average activity of beta cells, and alters the beta cell network properties in an islet. The enhanced average activity of beta cells was determined indirectly utilizing cytosolic Ca2+ imaging, while direct measuring of insulin secretion confirmed that this enhanced activity is accompanied by a higher insulin release. Furthermore, reduced functional connectivity and higher functional segregation at lower pH, both signs of a reduced intercellular communication, do not necessary result in an impaired insulin release.
Ključne besede: insulin secretion, membrane excitability, potassium channels, beta cell network, collective activity, calcium waves, pancreatic islets, pH-dependence
Objavljeno v DKUM: 01.07.2024; Ogledov: 149; Prenosov: 6
Celotno besedilo (7,45 MB)
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Opis: Low-cost, readily available, or even disposable membranes in water purification or downstream biopharma processes are becoming attractive alternatives to expensive polymeric columns or filters. In this article, the potential of microfiltration membranes prepared from differently orientated viscose fibre slivers, infused with ultrafine quaternised (qCNF) and amino-hydrophobised (aCNF) cellulose nanofibrils, were investigated for capturing and deactivating the bacteria from water during vacuum filtration. The morphology and capturing mechanism of the single- and multi-layer structured membranes were evaluated using microscopic imaging and colloidal particles. They were assessed for antibacterial efficacy and the retention of selected bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus), differing in the cell envelope structure, hydrodynamic biovolume (shape and size) and their clustering. The aCNF increased biocidal efficacy significantly when compared to qCNF-integrated membrane, although the latter retained bacteria equally effectively by a thicker multi-layer structured membrane. The retention of bacterial cells occurred through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, as well as via interfibrous pore diffusion, depending on their physicochemical properties. For all bacterial strains, the highest retention (up to 100% or log 6 reduction) at >50 L/h∗bar∗m2 flow rate was achieved with a 4-layer gradient-structured membrane containing different aCNF content, thereby matching the performance of industrial polymeric filters used for removing bacteria.
Ključne besede: fibrous membrane, cationised cellulose nanofibrils, amino-hydrophobised cellulose nanofibrils, antibacterial activity, multi-layer structure, flux, bacteria retention
Objavljeno v DKUM: 28.03.2024; Ogledov: 220; Prenosov: 12
Celotno besedilo (3,99 MB)
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Ključne besede: elektrode, membrane, etanolove gorivne celice
Objavljeno v DKUM: 26.08.2022; Ogledov: 836; Prenosov: 42
Celotno besedilo (3,69 MB)
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