Iskanje po katalogu digitalne knjižnice

Opis: During the mining operations at the Velenje coal mine, groundwater has been presenting a constant threat to underground works. The hydrogeological setup is so complex that a lot of structural drilling and well-logging operations were needed in the past to clarify it. Above the lignite seam is a Pliocene and Pleisticene multilayer aquifer system, composed mainly of permeable sand layers and impermeable clay layers. In 1981 the Pliocene aquifers were divided into three packages. Based on the water-table data of each aquifer, pumping tests, chemical analyses of the groundwater and the geophysical properties the Pliocene aquifers directly above the seam, together with impermeable layers, were divided into: a) the first water-bearing sands (Pl1), b) the aquifers 2080 m above the coal seam (Pl2) and c) the upper Pliocene aquifers (Pl3). For the mining operations the most important aquifer of saturated sands is Pl1. The hydraulic pressure of the groundwater in these sands directly affects the safety of the mining. These aquifers are mostly affected by the dewatering activities, too. However, the dewatering wells are constructed in such a way as to capture the whole Pl2 and, somewhere, even a part of the Pl3 complex, too. The water pressure in this multilayer aquifer can reach over 35 bars, so a massive program of drawdown activities has been needed and is still in place to decrease the water table in the area related to the mining operations. Special, multilevel observation wells are used to monitor the water level. A number of 3D finite-difference models (FDMs) were used to estimate the regional groundwater drawdown. It was observed that the FDMs performed well when predicting the regional situation, but the model-predicted drawdown was lower than the observed values at observation points in the area where the dewatering operations using “drive-in” filters have taken place in the past. This is a well-known problem of the FDM: the drawdown being rather a function of the cell size than of the flow net. The risk of water inrushes will increase, especially after 2012 and 2017, when a series of surface-drilled wells, connected into the mine’s pumping-line batteries, will be abandoned due to excavation works and mining-subsidence effects. Consequently, the dewatering schemes had to be completely reviewed. The destroyed, first-order dewatering structures will have to be replaced by a series of “drive-in” filters, drilled from the mine roadways in the area of the planned longwall face operations. For the drive-in filter-system design the FDM does not seem to be appropriate. This is especially so if the error in the drawdown and pumping flow prediction is taken into account. That led, in 2007, to the selection of the finite-element method (FEM) for the prediction of the groundwater drawdown and the water pumping rates in the areas were the underground works will encounter the risk of a water inrush. Based on the FEM prediction the sizing and the layout pattern of the “drive-in” filters were made.
Ključne besede: drive-in filters, groundwater, mining water, mining hydrology, geophysical well login, mathematical modelling
Objavljeno v DKUM: 06.06.2018; Ogledov: 1311; Prenosov: 121
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Opis: This paper deals with issues of shaping and functioning of computer programs in the modelling and solving of multimodal transportation network problems. A methodology of an integrated use of a programming language for mathematical modelling is defined, as well as spreadsheets for the solving of complex multimodal transportation network problems. The paper contains a comparison of the partial and integral methods of solving multimodal transportation networks. The basic hypothesis set forth in this paper is that the integral method results in better multimodal transportation network rationalization effects, whereas a multimodal transportation network model based on the integral method, once built, can be used as the basis for all kinds of transportation problems within multimodal transport. As opposed to linear transport problems, multimodal transport network can assume very complex shapes. This paper contains a comparison of the partial and integral approach to transportation network solving. In the partial approach, a straight forward model of a transportation network, which can be solved through the use of the Solver computer tool within the Excel spreadsheet interface, is quite sufficient. In the solving of a multimodal transportation problem through the integral method it is necessary to apply sophisticated mathematical modelling programming languages which support the use of complex matrix functions and the processing of a vast amount of variables and limitations. The LINGO programming language is more abstract than the Excel spreadsheet, and it requires a certain programming knowledge. The definition and presentation of a problem logic within Excel, in a manner which is acceptable to computer software, is an ideal basis, for modelling in the LINGO programming language, as well as a faster and more effective implementation of the mathematical model. This paper provides proof for the fact that it is more rational to solve the problem of multimodal transportation networks by using the integral, rather than the partial method.
Ključne besede: intermodal transportation, transportation networks, spreadsheets, mathematical modelling, programming languages, Lingo, Solver
Objavljeno v DKUM: 01.06.2017; Ogledov: 1118; Prenosov: 106
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Ključne besede: biofizika, encimi, gladke mišice, matematični modeli, biophysics, enzymes, smooth muscles, mathematical modelling
Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.07.2015; Ogledov: 1427; Prenosov: 89
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Ključne besede: biofizika, gladke mišice, krčenje mišic, matematični modeli, biophysics, smooth muscles, contractions, mathematical modelling
Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.07.2015; Ogledov: 1387; Prenosov: 39
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Opis: We investigated theoretically and experimentally the ▫$Ca^{2+}$▫-contraction couplingin rat tracheal smooth muscle. ▫$[Ca^{2+}]_i$▫, isometric contraction and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation were measured in response to 1 mM carbachol. Theoretical modeling consisted in coupling a model of ▫$Ca^{2+}-dependent$▫ MLC kinase (MLCK) activation with a four-state model of smooth muscle contractile apparatus. Stimulation resulted in a short-time contraction obtained within 1 min, followed by a long-time contraction up to the maximal force obtained in 30 min. ML-7 and Wortmannin (MLCK inhibitors) abolished the contraction. Chelerythrine (PKC inhibitor) did not change the short-time, but reduced the long-time contraction. ▫$[Ca^{2+}]_i$▫ responses of isolated myocytes recorded during the first 90 s consisted in a fast peak, followed by a plateau phase and, in 28 % of the cells, superimposed ▫$Ca^{2+}$▫ oscillations. MLC phosphorylation was maximal at 5 s and then decreased, whereas isometric contraction followed a Hill-shaped curve. The model properlypredicts the time course of MLC phosphorylation and force of the short-time response. With oscillating ▫$Ca^{2+}$▫ signal, the predicted force does not oscillate. According to the model, the amplitude of the plateau and the frequency of oscillations encode for the amplitude of force, whereas the peak encodes for force velocity. The long-time phase of the contraction, associated with a second increase in MLC phosphorylation, may be explained, at least partially, by MLC phosphatase (MLCP) inhibition, possibly via PKC inhibition.
Ključne besede: biophysics, mathematical modelling, modelling, calcium oscillations, contractions, force development, muscle cells, smooth muscles, myosin kinase
Objavljeno v DKUM: 07.06.2012; Ogledov: 1802; Prenosov: 93
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