1. Modeling of tensile test results for low alloy steels by linear regression and genetic programming taking into account the non-metallic inclusionsMiha Kovačič, Uroš Župerl, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Štore Steel Ltd. is one of the biggest flat spring steel producers in Europe. The main
motive for this study was to study the influences of non-metallic inclusions on mechanical properties
obtained by tensile testing. From January 2016 to December 2021, all available tensile strength data
(472 cases–472 test pieces) of 17 low alloy steel grades, which were ordered and used by the final
user in rolled condition, were gathered. Based on the geometry of rolled bars, selected chemical
composition, and average size of worst fields non-metallic inclusions (sulfur, silicate, aluminium
and globular oxides), determined based on ASTM E45, several models for tensile strength, yield
strength, percentage elongation, and percentage reduction area were obtained using linear regression
and genetic programming. Based on modeling results in the period from January 2022 to April 2022,
five successively cast batches of 30MnVS6 were produced with a statistically significant reduction
of content of silicon (t-test, p < 0.05). The content of silicate type of inclusions, yield, and tensile
strength also changed statistically significantly (t-test, p < 0.05). The average yield and tensile strength
increased from 458.5 MPa to 525.4 MPa and from 672.7 MPa to 754.0 MPa, respectively. It is necessary
to emphasize that there were no statistically significant changes in other monitored parameters. Ključne besede: mechanical properties, tensile test, tensile strength, yield strength, percentage elongation, percentage reduction area, low alloy steel, modeling, linear regression, genetic programming, industrial study, steel making, optimization Objavljeno v DKUM: 24.03.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 2
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2. Cost optimization of reinforced concrete section according to flexural crackingPrimož Jelušič, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: A series of distributed flexural cracks develop in reinforced concrete flexural elements
under the working load. The control of cracking in reinforced concrete is an important issue that
must be considered in the design of reinforced concrete structures. Crack width and spacing are
influenced by several factors, including the steel percentage, its distribution in the concrete crosssection, the concrete cover, and the concrete properties. In practice, however, a compromise must
be made between cracking, durability, and ease of construction and cost. This study presents the
optimal design of a reinforced concrete cross-section, using the optimization method of mixed-integer
nonlinear programming (MINLP) and the Eurocode standard. The MINLP optimization model
OPTCON was developed for this purpose. The model contains the objective function of the material
cost considering the crack width requirements. The crack width requirements can be satisfied by
direct calculation or by limiting the bar spacing. Due to the different crack width requirements, two
different economic designs of reinforced concrete sections were proposed. The case study presented
in this study demonstrates the value of the presented optimization approach. A direct comparison
between different methods for modelling cracking in reinforced concrete cross-sections, which has
not been done before, is also presented. Ključne besede: crack width, cost optimization, optimal design, mixed-integer non-linear programming Objavljeno v DKUM: 13.03.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 1
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3. The MINLP approach to topology, shape and discrete sizing optimization of trussesSimon Šilih, Zdravko Kravanja, Stojan Kravanja, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The paper presents the Mixed-Integer Non-linear Programming (MINLP) approach to the
synthesis of trusses. The solution of continuous/discrete non-convex and non-linear optimization
problems is discussed with respect to the simultaneous topology, shape and discrete sizing optimization of trusses. A truss MINLP superstructure of different topology and design alternatives
has been generated, and a special MINLP model formulation for trusses has been developed. In the
optimization model, a mass objective function of the structure has been defined and subjected to
design, load and dimensioning constraints. The MINLP problems are solved using the Modified
Outer-Approximation/Equality-Relaxation (OA/ER) algorithm. Multi-level MINLP strategies are introduced to accelerate the convergence of the algorithm. The Modified Two-Phase and the Sequential
Two-Phase MINLP strategies are proposed in order to solve highly combinatorial topology, shape
and discrete sizing optimization problems. The importance of local buckling constraints on topology
optimization is also discussed. Some simple numerical examples are shown at the end of the paper to
demonstrate the suitability and efficiency of the proposed method. Ključne besede: structural synthesis, topology optimization, discrete sizing optimization, mixed-integer non-linear programming, MINLP, modified OA/ER algorithm, multi-level MINLP strategies, steel structures, trusses Objavljeno v DKUM: 11.03.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 3
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4. Multi-objective scenario optimization of the food supply chain – Slovenian case studyJan Drofenik, Bojan Pahor, Zdravko Kravanja, Zorka Novak-Pintarič, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: self-sufficiency, food supply chain, multi-objective optimization, mixed integer linear programming, sustainable development Objavljeno v DKUM: 14.02.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 4
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5. Development of Methodology for Estimation of Energy-Efficient Building Renovation Using Application of MINLP-Optimized Timber–Glass Upgrade ModulesMaja Lešnik Nedelko, Stojan Kravanja, Miroslav Premrov, Vesna Žegarac Leskovar, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Vertical addition to already-existing structures is an approach to energy-efficient building renovation. It presents an opportunity for the densification of built-up areas and the construction of new usable spaces. While many studies have dealt with the subject of renovating buildings with a focus on energy efficiency, far fewer studies have specifically examined the potential of vertically extending existing buildings, an approach which could be introduced in new sustainable building policies. The objective of this study is to redevelop optimal timber–glass upgrade modules, considering the ideal proportions of glazing for all cardinal directions, by using discrete Mixed-Integer Non-Linear Programming optimization. The novelty of the suggested method resides in the synchronous optimization of the upgrade modules’ daylighting and energy-efficiency performance, resulting in the creation of optimization methods that can determine the optimal glazing proportions for all cardinal directions and incorporate rational design and window measurement. The impact of the developed Mixed-Integer Non-Linear Programming-optimized upgrade modules is compared to previously designed optimized upgrade modules. Finally, a methodology for estimating the energy efficiency of building renovations incorporating vertical additions using the timber–glass upgrade modules was developed, supporting the quick assessment of the reduction in hybrid buildings’ energy consumption for heating and cooling according to boundary conditions, presuming that they undergo the suggested renovations. The findings are applicable (not exclusively) to Slovenia’s residential building stock, which makes up around 20% of the country’s current housing stock and was mainly constructed between 1946 and 1970. This offers a substantial opportunity to improve the overall sustainability and energy efficiency of the country’s housing stock. The proposed approach offers a holistic solution to drive sustainable development in the built environment by incorporating all three pillars of sustainability (environmental, social, and economic). Ključne besede: energy efficient building renovation, energy efficiency, building vertical addition, timber–glass upgrade modules, mixed-integer non-linear programming, MINLP, optimization, visual comfort, energy sustainability Objavljeno v DKUM: 16.01.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 5
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6. Reduction of surface defects by optimization of casting speed using genetic programming : an industrial case studyMiha Kovačič, Uroš Župerl, Leo Gusel, Miran Brezočnik, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Štore Steel Ltd. produces more than 200 different types of steel with a continuous caster installed in 2016. Several defects, mostly related to thermomechanical behaviour in the mould, originate from the continuous casting process. The same casting speed of 1.6 m/min was used for all steel grades. In May 2023, a project was launched to adjust the casting speed according to the casting temperature. This adjustment included the steel grades with the highest number of surface defects and different carbon content: 16MnCrS5, C22, 30MnVS5, and 46MnVS5. For every 10 °C deviation from the prescribed casting temperature, the speed was changed by 0.02 m/min. During the 2-month period, the ratio of rolled bars with detected surface defects (inspected by an automatic control line) decreased for the mentioned steel grades. The decreases were from 11.27 % to 7.93 %, from 12.73 % to 4.11 %, from 16.28 % to 13.40 %, and from 25.52 % to 16.99 % for 16MnCrS5, C22, 30MnVS5, and 46MnVS5, respectively. Based on the collected chemical composition and casting parameters from these two months, models were obtained using linear regression and genetic programming. These models predict the ratio of rolled bars with detected surface defects and the length of detected surface defects. According to the modelling results, the ratio of rolled bars with detected surface defects and the length of detected surface defects could be minimally reduced by 14 % and 189 %, respectively, using casting speed adjustments. A similar result was achieved from July to November 2023 by adjusting the casting speed for the other 27 types of steel. The same was predicted with the already obtained models. Genetic programming outperformed linear regression. Ključne besede: continuous casting of steel, surface defects, automatic control, machine learning, modelling, optimisation, prediction, linear regression, genetic programming Objavljeno v DKUM: 25.03.2024; Ogledov: 284; Prenosov: 19
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7. Generalised fuzzy linear programmingJanez Usenik, Maja Žulj, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Linear programming is one of the widely used methods for optimising business systems, which includes organisational, financial, logistic and control subsystems of energy systems in general. It is possible to express numerous real-world problems in a form of linear program and then solve by simplex method [1]. In the development of linear programming, we are facing a number of upgrades and generalisations, as well as replenishment. Particularly interesting in recent years is an option that decision variables and coefficients are fuzzy numbers. In this case we are dealing with fuzzy linear programming. If we also include in a fuzzy linear program a generalisation with respect to Wolfe’s modified simplex method [1], we obtain a generalised fuzzy linear program (GFLP). Usenik and Žulj introduced methods for solving those programs and proved the existence of the optimal solution in [2]. In the article, the simplex algorithm which enables the determining of an optimal solution for GFLP is described. There is a numerical example at the end of the article that illustrates the algorithm. Ključne besede: linear programming, fuzzy linear programming, generalised linear programming, generalised fuzzy linear programmin Objavljeno v DKUM: 11.10.2023; Ogledov: 296; Prenosov: 5
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8. The need for simulation in complex industrial systemsKhalid Aboura, Miroljub Kljajić, Ali Eskandarian, 2012, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: We discuss the concept of simulation and its application in the resolution of problems in complex industrial systems. Most problems of serious scale, be it an inventory problem, a production and distribution problem, a management of resources or process improvement, all real world problems require a mix of generic, data algorithmic and Ad-hoc solutions making the best of available information. We describe two projects in which analytical solutions were applied or contemplated. The first case study uses linear programming in the optimal allocation of advertising resources by a major internet service provider. The second study, in a series of projects, analyses options for the expansion of the production and distribution network of mining products, as part of a sensitive strategic business review. Using the examples, we make the case for the need of simulation in complex industrial problems where analytical solutions may be attempted but where the size and complexity of the problem forces a Monte Carlo approach. Ključne besede: simulation, linear programming, production process Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.07.2015; Ogledov: 1232; Prenosov: 404
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9. On Groebner bases and their use in solving some practical problemsMatej Mencinger, 2013, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Groebner basis are an important theoretical building block of modern (polynomial) ring theory. The origin of Groebner basis theory goes back to solving some theoretical problems concerning the ideals in polynomial rings, as well as solving polynomial systems of equations. In this article four practical applications of Groebner basis theory are considered; we use Groebner basis to solve the systems of nonlinear polynomial equations, to solve an integer programming problem, to solve the problem of chromatic number of a graph, and finally we consider an original example from the theory of systems of ordinary (polynomial) differential equations. For practical computations we use systems MATHEMATICA and SINGULAR . Ključne besede: polynomial system of (differential) equations, integer linear programming, chromatic number of a graph, polynomial rings, Groebner basis, CAS systems Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.07.2015; Ogledov: 1630; Prenosov: 111
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