1. Hygiene monitoring systems : the laundering of hospital textiles in SloveniaSabina Fijan, Sonja Šostar-Turk, 2013, strokovni članek Ključne besede: nega tekstilij, bolnišnično perilo, higiena pralnic, standardi, textile care, hospital laundry, laudry hygiene, standards Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.07.2015; Ogledov: 3409; Prenosov: 52
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2. Antimicrobial disinfection effect of a laundering procedure for hospital textiles against various indicator bacteria and fungi using different substrates for simulating human excrementsSabina Fijan, Srečko Koren, Avrelija Cencič, Sonja Šostar-Turk, 2007, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Recent studies confirm the increase of nosocomial infections and microbial resistance. One of the possible causes is infected textiles due to inappropriate laundering procedures. Most Slovenian laundries use thermal laundering procedures with high energy and water consumption to disinfect hospital textiles. In addition to this fact, there is an increasing number of hospital textiles composed of cotton/polyester blends that cannot endure high temperatures of thermal disinfection. On the other hand, decreasing the temperature of laundering procedures enhances the possibility of pathogenic microorganisms to survive the laundering procedure. In our research, we determined the antimicrobic laundering effect by simulating a common laundering procedure for hospital textiles in the laboratory washing machine at different temperatures by the use of bioindicators. Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium terrae, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used for determining the antibacterial laundering effect. Candida albicans was used for determining the antifungal laundering effect. Swine blood, artificial sweat, and swine fat were used as substrates for simulating human excrements and were inoculated together with the chosen microorganisms onto cotton pieces to simulate real laundering conditions. It was found that E. faecium, S. aureus, E. aerogenes, and P. aeruginosa survivedat 60 °C, but no microorganisms were found at 75 °C. Ključne besede: textile care, hospital laundry, laundry hygiene, micro-organisms, bioindicators, disinfection effect, hospital-acquired disease prevention, sanitary measures Objavljeno v DKUM: 01.06.2012; Ogledov: 3098; Prenosov: 113
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3. Rotaviral RNA found on various surfaces in a hospital laundrySabina Fijan, Andrej Steyer, Mateja Poljšak-Prijatelj, Avrelija Cencič, Sonja Šostar-Turk, Srečko Koren, 2008, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The aim of this investigative study was to determine the presence of rotaviral RNA at various control points (CP) of a hospital laundry. One of the possible sources of hospital infections is inappropriately laundered and disinfected hospital textiles. RT-PCR and nested PCR for gene amplification using specific primers following RNA isolation were used to determine the presence of rotaviral RNA on swabs. In addition, rotavirus suspensions were inoculated on marked surfaces as positive controls for different surfaces (cotton textiles, folding table and industrial dryer). Rotaviral RNA was found on various laundry surfaces: technical equipment, storage shelves, transport vehicles, personnel's hands, damp textiles, and folded laundry. Rotaviral RNA was also detected at all positive controls on tested surfaces after 24 h. Based on the results, it is very important to take into consideration the proper handling of textiles after washing as one of the precautions against hospital-acquired infections. This paper reports the presence of rotaviral RNA for the first time on surfaces in laundries and equipment, as well as textiles. Ključne besede: laundry hygiene, rotaviruses, hospital-acquired disease prevention, sanitary measures, occupational health Objavljeno v DKUM: 01.06.2012; Ogledov: 2858; Prenosov: 95
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4. Implementing hygiene monitoring systems in hospital laundries in order to reduce microbial contamination of hospital textilesSabina Fijan, Sonja Šostar-Turk, Avrelija Cencič, 2005, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: As textiles sent to hospital laundries contain many types of pathogenic organisms, it is important that laundering not only has an appropriate cleaning effect but also has a satisfactory disinfecting effect. Critical to this process is the maintenance of an appropriate hygiene level in the clean area of laundries in order to prevent recontamination of textiles from manual handling when ironing, folding, packing etc. The aims of this study were to evaluate the hygienic state of a hospital laundry, to introduce continuous sanitary measures, and to introduce a continuous hygiene monitoring system with an infection control programme. Two systems for evaluating hospital laundry hygiene were combined: HACCP principles (hazard analysis and critical control points) and RAL-GZ 992 standards (quality assurance standard for textile care of hospital laundry). Evaluation of the hygienic state of the hospital laundry was carried out by evaluating the number and types of micro-organisms present at the critical control points throughout the whole laundering process, using RODAC agar plates for surface sampling and the pour plate method for investigating water samples. The initial examination showed that the sanitary condition of the laundry did not reach the required hygiene level. Therefore, fundamental sanitation measures were instituted and the examination was repeated. Results were then satisfactory. The most important critical control point was the chemothermal laundering efficiency of the laundering process. To prevent micro-organisms spreading into the entire cleanworking area, it is important that, in addition to regular sanitary measures such as cleaning/disinfecting all working areas, technical equipment and storage shelves etc., regular education sessions for laundry employees on proper hand hygiene is undertaken and effective separation of the clean and dirty working areas is achieved. Ključne besede: textile care, hospital laundry, laundry hygiene, micro-organisms, washing quality parameters, sanitary microbiological parameters, hospital-acquired disease prevention, sanitary measures Objavljeno v DKUM: 01.06.2012; Ogledov: 2974; Prenosov: 97
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5. Hygiene monitoring systems for hospital textile launderingSabina Fijan, Sonja Šostar-Turk, 2007, strokovni članek Opis: The main aim of washing laundry is to remove soils and microorganisms from infected and dirty textiles and achieve clean, fresh and disinfected textiles ready for use. Textiles undergo laundering processes, which include: soil removal with special laundering agents; bleaching; disinfecting; and finally neutralising and rinsing. Because textiles from hospitals may contain many kinds of pathogenic -bacteria, fungi and viruses, it is essential that the laundering process has not only a cleaning effect but also an antimicrobial one. Since users of hospital textiles are often patients with a weakened immune -system, it is recommended that best practice and common sense be employed when washing and -disinfecting hospital textiles. Most people assume that the laundry returned to them is in fact clean and, therefore, safe. Experience encourages all infection control teams to take laundering very seriously. (1-15) Inappropriately disinfected textiles are one of the possible sources of nosocomial infections for patients. There are reports of hospital textiles being the source of nosocomial infection with streptococci, enterococci, Bacillus cereus, staphylococci and coliforms.(5-9) There are some documented cases where staff in hospital wards and laundries have been infected with scabies, fungi, salmonellas, gastroenteritis viruses, hepatitis A viruses and coxiellas after treating dirty laundry. Ključne besede: textile care, hospital laundry, laundry hygiene, micro-organisms, washing quality parameters, sanitary microbiological parameters, hospital-acquired disease prevention, sanitary measures Objavljeno v DKUM: 31.05.2012; Ogledov: 3178; Prenosov: 47
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