Iskanje po katalogu digitalne knjižnice

Opis: We propose and study an epidemiological model on a social network that takes into account heterogeneity of the population and different vaccination strategies. In particular, we study how the COVID-19 epidemics evolves and how it is contained by different vaccination scenarios by taking into account data showing that older people, as well as individuals with comorbidities and poor metabolic health, and people coming from economically depressed areas with lower quality of life in general, are more likely to develop severe COVID-19 symptoms, and quicker loss of immunity and are therefore more prone to reinfection. Our results reveal that the structure and the spatial arrangement of subpopulations are important epidemiological determinants. In a healthier society the disease spreads more rapidly but the consequences are less disastrous as in a society with more prevalent chronic comorbidities. If individuals with poor health are segregated within one community, the epidemic outcome is less favorable. Moreover, we show that, contrary to currently widely adopted vaccination policies, prioritizing elderly and other higher-risk groups is beneficial only if the supply of vaccine is high. If, however, the vaccination availability is limited, and if the demographic distribution across the social network is homogeneous, better epidemic outcomes are achieved if healthy people are vaccinated first. Only when higher-risk groups are segregated, like in elderly homes, their prioritization will lead to lower COVID-19 related deaths. Accordingly, young and healthy individuals should view vaccine uptake as not only protecting them, but perhaps even more so protecting the more vulnerable socio-demographic groups.
Ključne besede: epidemic model, COVID-19, vaccination strategy, vaccination strategy, population heterogeneity, socio-demographic structure, metabolic disease, social network
Objavljeno v DKUM: 14.11.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 12
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Opis: Vaccine hesitancy and its determinants have been previously widely researched. Vaccine hesitancy has been defined as a continuum of attitudes, ranging from accepting vaccines with doubts to rejecting them. The present study aims to explore the heterogeneity of a childhood-vaccine-hesitant group by using a person-oriented approach-latent profile analysis. A non-representative cross-sectional sample of vaccine-hesitant Slovenians (N = 421, Mage = 35.21, 82.9% women) was used to identify differences based on their reliance on personal research (“self” researching instead of relying on science), overconfidence in knowledge, endorsement of conspiracy theories, complementary and alternative medicine, and trust in the healthcare system. The analysis revealed three profiles of vaccine-hesitant individuals. The most hesitant profile-vaccine rejecting-expressed the greatest reliance on personal research, expressed the highest endorsement of conspiracy theories and complementary and alternative medicine, showed moderate overconfidence in their knowledge, and expressed the highest levels of distrust in the healthcare system. We further found differences in sociodemographic structure and that the identified profiles differed in their attitudes regarding MMR, HPV, and Seasonal Influenza vaccinations. The present study demonstrates the heterogeneity of the vaccine-hesitant community and offers insights into some of the traits, which are crucial for designing pro-vaccine campaigns.
Ključne besede: vaccine hesitancy, heterogeneity, latent profile analysis, complementary and alternative medicine, CAM, conspiracy theories, trust in healthcare system
Objavljeno v DKUM: 21.08.2024; Ogledov: 101; Prenosov: 21
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Opis: The heterogeneity of arc-welded connections is often ignored in structural assessments, giving rise to inaccuracies. Improved assessments taking into account heterogeneity require the characterization of local constitutive properties. We have compared two methods to do this: Vickers-hardness mapping and miniature tensile testing. Whereas the former is more straightforward to apply, the latter provides full-range stress-strain data. This paper discusses an experimental comparison of both methods on a heterogeneous arc weld. Miniature tensile tests were performed, using digital image correlation to measure the strain. The specimens were indented to compare their stress-strain response with Vickers hardness. Notwithstanding that small natural flaws invalidated some tests, reliable stress-strain curves were obtained. Vickers hardness testing is a convenient alternative if the yield and ultimate tensile strength are the only points of interest and the corresponding conversion inaccuracy is acceptable.
Ključne besede: arc weld, heterogeneity, hardness, miniature tensile testing, digital image correlation
Objavljeno v DKUM: 14.03.2017; Ogledov: 1364; Prenosov: 440
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