1. A reflection on selected fear of crime factors in Ljubljana, SloveniaGorazd Meško, 2016, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Objective: to analysis the fear of crime factors according to the research carried out in 2009 in Ljubljana (Slovenia).
Methods: dialectic, systemic, comparison, observation.
Results: the analysis shows that the level of fear of crime has not changed significantly over the last two decades. The latest survey from 2009 implies that the influence of perceived probability of victimization in an emotional reaction is strongest among those who believe that consequences of victimization can be severe, and their own ability to defend from an assailant is low. Analyses have shown that the fear of crime is strongest in women and the elderly. Personal experiences with crime do not result in an increase in perceived probability of victimization, or influence fear of crime, nor do they affect the anticipation of seriousness of the potential consequences of victimization. The article contributes to reflections on fear of crime based on a literature and research review as well as utilization of new models of testing fear of crime factors.
Scientific novelty: the research shows that the used model of fear of crime explains more variance (R² = .54) than other models used prior to this study (Slovenia, 2001, R² = .43; Croatia, 2002, R² = .43; Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2002, R² = .45) and imply some new findings and confirm findings from the previous surveys. The findings imply that the respondents in Ljubljana relate fear of crime to the impacts of different crimes on their lives. However, research did not confirm that the level of fear of individual crimes is proportional to their severity. It was found out that respondents feel the most threatened by robbery followed by assault.
Practical significance: the article provides insight for crime control and prevention and will be useful for scientific and educational staff, policy makers, graduate and post-graduate students and all those interested in crime control and prevention. Ključne besede: criminal law, criminology, fear of crime, factors, Slovenia, Ljubljana Objavljeno v DKUM: 08.08.2017; Ogledov: 2314; Prenosov: 426
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2. Fear of crime among inhabitants of SkopjeOliver Bačanović, Nataša Jovanova, 2012, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Purpose:
The article gives basic notes about fear of crime as an important issue in contemporary criminology, describes certain characteristics of fear of crime in Skopje, and compares socio-demographic variables and the socio-psychological model of fear of crime proposed by Van der Wurff, Van Staalduinen and Stringer (1989).
Design/Methods/Approach:
The study employed a multi-stage random probability sampling method for a survey among citizens of urban areas of the capital of the Republic of Macedonia (Skopje) using face-to- face interviews conducted in March, 2009.
Findings:
The results showed that the respondents felt relatively safe in their neighbourhood; however, 67% of them pointed out that there were certain parts in the city where they didn’t want to go.The results show that greater fear of crime occurs among women, the elderly, those who think that woods are unsafe, those who fear they are not capable of chasing potential assailants, and those who sometimes imagine that someone would obstruct their path and when they go out make sure to take a safe route. Comparing the results of the regression analysis, the socio-psychological model does not explain fear of crime among respondents (R-Square, adj- 0.25) more than socio-demographic model. This indicates that further research should employ new psychological variables for better operationalization of existing models.
Research Limitations/Implications:
The results refer only to urban areas of Skopje. Improvements should be made to the questions used in the questionnaire paying special attention to the operationalization of the impact of the media on fear of crime.
Originality/Value:
The article will contribute to raising the importance of the issue of fear of crime as a significant part of criminal policy especially in the Republic of Macedonia. Ključne besede: fear of crime, survey, Skopje, Macedonia Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.07.2015; Ogledov: 1093; Prenosov: 60
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3. Perceived neighbourhood social disorder and attitudes toward feeling safe in SarajevoElmedin Muratbegović, Fahrudin Memić, 2012, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Purpose:
In this article, the authors examine how fear of crime levels vary depending upon the degree of quality of living conditions within neighbourhoods. Additionally, the intervening mechanisms that link the degree of living quality with the level of fear of crime within neighbourhoods of Sarajevo, the capital city of Bosnia and Herzegovina will be explored.
Design/Methods/Approach:
This article shows the impact which neighbourly relations and social (dis) organization have on citizens’ perceptions of the so-called fear of crime. In order to measure the fear of crime in general, the authors relied on Van der Wurff’s model which has already been widely used in criminology and which is based on six vignettes describing six different social situations. The authors used a multi-stage random probability method to select a representative sample of households living in urban zones of Sarajevo. The sample population (N = 400) consisted of adult (18 years or older) inhabitants of urban areas comprising Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Findings:
The Neighbourhood Disorder and Fear of Crime models indicate that welldeveloped social networks have a significant impact on feeling safe within Sarajevo’s neighbourhoods.
Research Limitations/Implications:
The most serious objection that can be raised with regard to this survey is the application of the interview as the only data collection technique. Most certainly, the inclusion of other techniques (e.g. focus groups) and methods would achieve more valid results.
Practical implications:
From the perspectives of practical implications, fear of crime can negatively impact citizens’ lives, and it is important to prevent this phenomenon in our communities, through everyday police activities and activities of other institutions of formal and informal social control.
Originality/Value:
The incidence and perceptions of safety in Sarajevo has become linked with perceived problems of social stability, moral consensus, and the collective informal control processes that underpin the social order of neighborhoods. Ključne besede: fear of crime, neighborhood, social disorder, risk of crime, safety feeling, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.07.2015; Ogledov: 1244; Prenosov: 63
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4. Fear of crime in Zagreb, Croatia : gender differences in the face of incivilities and prior victimizationIrma Kovčo Vukadin, Tajana Ljubin, 2012, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Purpose:
This study examines the three-dimensional concept of fear of crime and has three aims: 1) to investigate gender differences in the emotional, cognitive and behavioural dimensions of fear of crime; 2) to investigate the impact of victimization on different dimensions of fear of crime in men and women; and 3) to investigate the relation of incivilities to different dimensions of fear of crime.
Design/Methods/Approach:
Data for the study were gathered from the Fear of Crime Study which included participants living in the Croatian capital. The criteria variables included measures of the three dimensions of fear of crime (affective, cognitive and behavioural). Incivilities and prior victimization were predictors, while age and education were control variables.
Findings:
There was no difference between men and women in the perception of insecurity when walking alone in a neighbourhood after dark, either in the perceived likelihood of victimization or in perceived incivility. The findings suggest that there are some differences in the correlation pattern of the three analysed dimensions of fear of crime in the female and male samples. Hierarchical linear regressions show that in the male sample, victimization due to theft was positively related and sexual victimization was negatively related to perceived insecurity, while in women victimization added significantly only to protective strategies. In both the male and female sample, incivilities made a significant independent contribution to an explanation of the perception of endangerment, the likelihood of victimization and the seriousness of crime consequences. In addition, the contribution of some different patterns of incivilities to the dimensions of fear of crime was established for the male and female sample.
Research Limitations/Implications:
The research is limited to the Croatian capital. Future research should include a representative sample of the whole state.
Practical implications:
The results indicate the need for gender differentiation in programs for the greater safety of citizens.
Originality/Value:
The article gives a valuable insight into different dimensions and gender differences related to fear of crime. It also suggests the need for further clarity of operationalization. Ključne besede: fear of crime, incivilities, prior victimization, gender differences, Zagreb, Croatia Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.07.2015; Ogledov: 1330; Prenosov: 65
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