1. Life cycle assessment (ISO 14040, ISO 14044)Manuela Ingaldi, Dorota Klimecka-Tatar, Vladimir Permyakov, Vitaly Parfenov, Sergei Alexandrov, Yuri Sivkov, Arthur Nikiforov, 2016, samostojni znanstveni sestavek ali poglavje v monografski publikaciji Ključne besede: environmental management, life-cycle assessment, LCA, environmental impact, ISO 14040, ISO 14044
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2. Thinking in messages – determine key performance indicators and create environmental reportsEdeltraud Günther, Daria Meyr, Natalia Mikhalenok, Pavel Pervov, Elena Gerasimova, Iurii Kholopov, Elena Lukenyuk, 2016, samostojni znanstveni sestavek ali poglavje v monografski publikaciji Opis: Environmental reporting aims to measure, disclose and to be accountable to internal and external stakeholders about to what extent the company uses the functions of the environment and takes action to improve environmental performance. Thus, the communication of a company has two objectives: for internal stakeholders’ environmental performance is measured in order to prepare decisions of corporate management, for external stakeholders the reporting on the environmental management system, the environmental performance, the ecology orientation of the value-added steps, the dealing with stakeholders and process and product innovations as well as environmental objectives are in the foreground. Finally, it should be noted that environmental reporting is increasingly part of sustainability reporting.
Ključne besede: environmental management, environmental reports, performance indicators
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4. The implementation of environmentally oriented controllingVladimir Permyakov, Vitaly Parfenov, Sergei Alexandrov, Yuri Sivkov, Arthur Nikiforov, 2016, samostojni znanstveni sestavek ali poglavje v monografski publikaciji Opis: The environmental management mechanism is a set of tools on the impact of economic entities to ensure the consideration of environmental factors at all stages of activity.
The basic tools of environmental management are:
- environmental assessment and the procedure of evaluation of the impact of activities on the environment;
- environmental control;
- ecological examination;
- environmental audit;
- environmental certification;
- environmental accounting and reporting;
- environmental monitoring;
- environmental labelling and advertising.
Environmental regulation is carried out at various stages of economic activity. The legal basis of such regulation are Federal Laws "On environmental protection", "On ecological expertise" and other legislative acts.
Ključne besede: environmental controlling, environmental management, assessment, audit, certification, accounting, reporting, regulation
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6. ISO 19011 and ISO 26000Manuela Ingaldi, Dorota Klimecka-Tatar, 2016, samostojni znanstveni sestavek ali poglavje v monografski publikaciji Ključne besede: quality management systems, companies, organizations, quality standards, environmental standards, ISO 19011, ISO 26000
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7. EMASManuela Ingaldi, Dorota Klimecka-Tatar, 2016, samostojni znanstveni sestavek ali poglavje v monografski publikaciji Opis: The companies operating within the so-understood environment, affecting it, have led its degradation. Therefore, to prevent further pollution, a number of laws, policies and strategies were introduced. The article briefly describes all the most important rules. According to the Polish and EU legislation, these companies must take care of the environment and properly manage waste generated during the production process (Ingaldi 2013a).
The waste management is particularly a major challenge for small and medium sized company mainly due to the costs connected with adaptation to the existing legislation. Not every company can afford such changes. Very often the companies prefer to pay the penalty because, from the economic point of view, it is lower than these costs. Very often, it also appears that investments in the environmental protection repeatedly exceed the amount of any possible benefits that can be achieved. However, despite of the situation on market there are a lot of companies for which the natural environment is a priority (Ingaldi 2013b).
One of the most important element is environmental management is recycling of secondary raw materials. It helps to reduce raw materials, which in turn contributes to the protection of natural resources of the earth. It also reduces the amount of space in landfills. The use of waste, which are carriers of energy, is a component of efficient energy management (Lestyánszka Škůrková, Ingaldi 2014; Ingaldi Borkowski 2014).
Management systems, especially environmental management systems, are very helpful tools in environmental management in companies. A management system is the framework of processes and procedures used to ensure that an organization can fulfil all tasks required to achieve its objectives. The environmental management system enables organizations to improve their environmental performance through a process of continuous improvement. It is therefore important to convince managers of companies to be interested in such systems.
The object of this chapter is to help a reader to find summary about main standards of management systems, e.g.: EMAS, ISO 14000, ISO 9000 and ISO 26000.
Ključne besede: environmental management systems, environmental standards, EMAS, ISO 14000, ISO 9000, ISO 26000
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8. ISO 14000 - the purpose of environmental standard and its implementationBorut Jereb, Matjaž Knez, Darja Kukovič, Tina Cvahte Ojsteršek, Matevž Obrecht, Manuela Ingaldi, Dorota Klimecka-Tatar, 2016, samostojni znanstveni sestavek ali poglavje v monografski publikaciji Opis: International Organization for Standardization was founded with the aim to develop and introduce international trade using harmonized international standards in the field of manufacturing, trade and communications. The organization has its members in more than 120 countries whose representatives can participate in the creation of standards. ISO standards are voluntary and consensual. Countries often include these standards in their regulation and business sector (industry) often define them in the request of the market, and in both cases the use of standard becomes mandatory.
Ključne besede: environmental management, environmental standards, environmental performance, companies
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9. Corporate social responsibilityBorut Jereb, Matjaž Knez, Darja Kukovič, Tina Cvahte Ojsteršek, Matevž Obrecht, 2016, samostojni znanstveni sestavek ali poglavje v monografski publikaciji Opis: Many social changes, like changes in values and the need for ethical action, the phenomenon of socially and ecologically conscious consumer, the rise of enlightened capitalist globalization, and the declining rate of uncontrolled information, are also reflected in the business world. Socially responsible action in the world is becoming imperative, and the critical role of consumers, employees and non-governmental organizations allows that socially responsible operation are fair and credible.
Ključne besede: environmental management, social responsibility, business, organizations, companies
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10. Green productBorut Jereb, Matjaž Knez, Darja Kukovič, Tina Cvahte Ojsteršek, Matevž Obrecht, 2016, samostojni znanstveni sestavek ali poglavje v monografski publikaciji Opis: According to Kotler (1998) the product is the first and most important element of the marketing combination. Product strategy should include consistent decisions "about the product combination, group of products, brands, packaging and labelling." (Kotler 1998: 459). After we identify green products we will especially be interested in specific strategies for developing green products and packaging and green brand positioning.
Shortly green products can be labelled as more durable, non-toxic, made from recycled materials and have less or only necessary volume of packaging (Ottman 1997: 89). Broader definition is given by Peattie (1995) who also considers the social dimension under the concept of green. He considers the product or service as green, where its effect on the natural environment and its social impact in terms of production, use or disposal, is significantly improved with respect to conventional products and services (Peattie 1995).
Green product strategy should be implemented through:
- Development of green product,
- Green brand,
- Eco-label and
- Eco-design.
Ključne besede: environmental management, green products, green brand, eco-label, eco-design
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