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2. Social media fact-checking: the effects of news literacy and news trust on the intent to verify health-related informationInes Kožuh, Peter Čakš, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The recent health crisis and the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence have caused misinformation on social media to flourish by becoming more sophisticated and challenging to detect. This calls upon fact-checking and questions users’ competencies and attitudes when assessing social media news. Our study provides a model of how fact-checking intent is explained by news literacy and news trust to examine how users behave in the misinformation-prone social media environment. Structural equation modeling was used to examine survey data gathered from social media users. The findings revealed that users’ intent to fact-check information in social media news is explained by (1) news literacy, such as the awareness of various techniques used by creators to depict situations about COVID-19; (2) news trust, in terms of the conviction that the news contains all the essential facts; and (3) intent, such as an aim to check information in multiple pieces of news. The presented findings may aid policymakers and practitioners in developing efficient communication strategies for addressing users less prone to fact-checking. Our contribution offers a new understanding of news literacy as a sufficient tool for combating misinformation, which actively equips users with knowledge and an attitude for social media news fact-checking. Ključne besede: fact-checking, news literacy, trust, social media, misinformaiton, fake news, pandemic, health crisis Objavljeno v DKUM: 04.06.2024; Ogledov: 161; Prenosov: 15
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3. Curiosity, checking, and knowing : a virtue-theoretical perspectiveNenad Miščević, 2023, drugi znanstveni članki Opis: In his important and original book, Knowing and Checking, Guido Melchior provides advice on how to tackle skepticism. I argue that his analysis points to a possible virtue-theoretic answer to skepticism, which I call the restraint solution, i.e., activate your self-trust and restrain your inquisitiveness! It leads one to the ideal of bounded reflective curiosity: when it comes to knowledge, we should restrain our second-order, reflective curiosity and stay content with the somewhat Moorean trust in ordinary everyday beliefs. We can preserve our ordinary, first-order vigilance and investigative interest (curiosity) without falling into skeptical over-caution which is basically a reflective, second-order vicious attitude. Ključne besede: checking inquiry, curiosity, virtue epistemology Objavljeno v DKUM: 19.03.2024; Ogledov: 249; Prenosov: 14
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4. Improved formal verification of SDN-based firewalls by using TLA+Tatjana Kapus, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: In an article published in IEEE Access in 2020, researchers present an approach to using TLA + for the formal verification of whether a network of SDN (Software-Defined Networking) switches implements the filtering rules of a given monolithic firewall. The distributed as well as monolithic firewalls are specified with TLA + . It is shown that the correctness of the former with respect to the latter can be verified automatically by using the TLC model checker. The main contributions of this paper are the following improvements of that approach. Firstly, by specifying switches without using any variables, the time needed for the model checking is reduced significantly. For example, the verification of the same networks takes a few seconds with the new approach and does not end after several hours with the previous one. Secondly, the following problem is solved. With the latter, if a monolithic firewall allows a packet to pass through, all the paths in the distributed firewall which the packet is routed on must allow the same. Otherwise, the model checker proclaims the distributed firewall to be in error. We present an additional approach to the verification, which gives a positive answer if at least one of the paths allows the packet to pass through. Ključne besede: firewalls, formal specification, formal verification, logic, model checking, software defined networking Objavljeno v DKUM: 04.12.2023; Ogledov: 285; Prenosov: 30
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5. Modelling medium access control in IEEE 802.15.4 nonbeacon-enabled networks with probabilistic timed automataTatjana Kapus, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: This paper concerns the formal modelling of medium access control in nonbeacon-enabled IEEE 802.15.4 wireless personal area networks with probabilistic timed automata supported by the PRISM probabilistic model checker. In these networks, the devices contend for the medium by executing an unslotted carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance algorithm. In the literature, a model of a network which consists of two stations sending data to two different destination stations is introduced. We have improved this model and, based on it, we propose two ways of modelling a network with an arbitrary number of sending stations, each having its own destination. We show that the same models are valid representations of a star-shaped network with an arbitrary number of stations which send data to the same destination station. We also propose how to model such a network if some of the sending stations are not within radio range of the others, i.e. if they are hidden. We present some results obtained for these models by probabilistic model checking using PRISM. Ključne besede: wireless personal area network, medium access control, hidden station, formal specification, probabilistic model checking Objavljeno v DKUM: 15.06.2017; Ogledov: 1371; Prenosov: 378
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6. Student CD-ROM to accompany Principles of finance, 2eScott Besley, Eugene F. BrighamKljučne besede: CD-ROM, compact disc, computer application, finance, theory, enterprises, business finance, fundamental analysis, valuation, corporations, decision making, business decision-making, financial market, investment banks, banking systems, money, cash flows, interest rate, taxes, financial statements, end checking, financial planning, income, return on equity, capital, costs, budgeting, dividends, working capital, productions means, investments, investment decision-making, textbooks Objavljeno v DKUM: 02.06.2012; Ogledov: 2228; Prenosov: 46
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7. ACTLW - an action-based computation tree logic with unless operatorRobert Meolic, Tatjana Kapus, Zmago Brezočnik, 2008, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Model checkers for systems represented by labelled transition systems are not as extensively used as those for systems represented by Kripke structures. This is partially due to the lack of an elegant formal language for property specification which would not be as raw as, for example, HML yet also not as complex as, for example, -calculus. This paper proposes a new action-based propositional branching-time temporal logic ACTLW, which enhances popular computation tree logic (CTL) with the notion of actions in a similar but more comprehensive way than action-based CTL introduced by De Nicola and Vaandrager [R. De Nicola, F.W. Vaandrager, Action versus logics for transition systems, in: Semantics of Systems of Concurrent Processes, Proceedings LITP Spring School on Theoretical Computer Science, LNCS 469, 1990, pp. 407-419]. ACTLW is defined by using temporal operators until and unless only, whereas all other temporal operators are derived from them. Fixed-point characterisation of the operators together with symbolic algorithms for globalmodel checking are shown. Usage of this new logic is illustrated by an example of verification of mutual-exclusion algorithms. Ključne besede: formal verification, model checking, action-based temporal logic, fixed point, mutual-exclusion algorithm Objavljeno v DKUM: 01.06.2012; Ogledov: 2512; Prenosov: 104
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