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Opis: The purpose is to provide a twelve-month database review of screening for diabetic retinopathy (DR). A total of 1428 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients screened in 2017 were analyzed in a retrospective study. Retinal photographs were reviewed by an ophthalmologist for the presence and stage of DR, as well as for additional nondiabetic findings. The following grading categories of DR were used: without DR, mild non-proliferative DR (NPDR), moderate NPDR, severe nonproliferative NPDR, proliferative DR (PDR), clinically significant macular edema (CSME) and ungradable finding. Severe NPDR, PDR and CSME were classified as vision-threatening DR. Out of 1428 DM patients, 27 were diagnosed with type 1 DM and 1401 with type 2 DM, 353 of them had newly diagnosed type 2 DM. Without DR category was recorded in 85.2% of all eyes screened, 2.8% were ungradable, and 12% showed varying stages of DR. Vision-threatening DR was found in 2.8% and additional nondiabetic findings in 5.2% of all screened eyes. In the group of newly diagnosed type 2 DM, 92.5% of screened eyes were without DR, 3.1% were ungradable and 4.3% showed varying stages of DR. In the group of newly diagnosed type 2 DM, vision-threatening DR was recorded in 0.1% and additional nondiabetic finding in 5.7% of the eyes screened. In conclusion, a small proportion of screened DM patients with detected DR had vision-threatening DR.
Ključne besede: diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, screening, proliferative retinopathy, maculopathy
Objavljeno v DKUM: 22.01.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 0
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Ključne besede: pancreas physiology, exocrine cells, endocrine cells, ultrastructure, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, western diet
Objavljeno v DKUM: 24.09.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 1
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Opis: Uvod: Mednarodna zveza za sladkorno bolezen poroča, da ima vsaka šesta nosečnica sladkorno bolezen, od tega jih ima kar 13,6 % sladkorno bolezen že pred nosečnostjo. Namen zaključnega dela je raziskati, kakšna je kakovost življenja nosečnic s sladkorno boleznijo tipa 1 ali tipa 2. Metode: Uporabili smo opisno metodo dela in metodo pregleda literature. Glede na zastavljeno raziskovalno vprašanje smo literaturo iskali v mednarodnih bazah podatkov PubMed, CINAHL, SAGE in Web of Science, z upoštevanjem določenih vključitvenih in izključitvenih meril ter limitov iskanja. Potek in prikaz iskanja znanstvene literature smo naredili po smernicah PRISMA. Izvedli smo narativno sintezo vsebine. Rezultati: V končno analizo smo vključili pet znanstvenih člankov. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da na kakovost življenja nosečnic s sladkorno boleznijo tipa 1 ali 2 pomembno vplivajo podpora in empatija zdravstvenega tima, socialna podpora, družinska anamneza, sociodemografske značilnosti, znanje in sprejemanje bolezni. Razprava in zaključek: Podpora socialnega okolja in zdravstvenega tima sta ključnega pomena za izboljšanje kakovosti življenja nosečnic s sladkorno boleznijo tipa 1 ali 2. Zdrav življenjski slog pomembno prispeva k boljši kakovosti življenja nosečnic s sladkorno boleznijo tipa 1 ali 2, saj imajo nosečnice, zdravljene z insulinom, dokazano slabšo kakovost življenja.
Ključne besede: Nosečnost, diabetes mellitus, kakovost življenja
Objavljeno v DKUM: 22.02.2024; Ogledov: 394; Prenosov: 95
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Opis: Introduction: A new form of family practices was introduced in 2011 through a pilot project introducing nurse practitioners as members of team and determining a set of quality indicators. The aim of this article was to assess the quality of diabetes and hypertension management. Methods: We included all family medicine practices that were participating in the project in December 2015 (N=584). The following data were extracted from automatic electronic reports on quality indicators: gender and specialisation of the family physician, status (public servant/self-contracted), duration of participation in the project, region of Slovenia, the number of inhabitants covered by a family medicine practice, the name of IT provider, and levels of selected quality indicators. Results: Out of 584 family medicine practices that were included in this project at the end of 2015, 568 (97.3%) had complete data and could be included in this analysis. The highest values were observed for structure quality indicator (list of diabetics) and the lowest for process and outcome quality indicators. The values of the selected quality indicators were independently associated with the duration of participation in the project, some regions of Slovenia where practices were located, and some IT providers of the practices. Conclusion: First, the analysis of data on quality indicators for diabetes and hypertension in this primary care project pointed out the problems which are currently preventing higher quality of chronic patient management at the primary health care level.
Ključne besede: family practices, healthcare quality indicator, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, Slovenia
Objavljeno v DKUM: 03.11.2017; Ogledov: 1637; Prenosov: 367
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Opis: While serotonin (5-HT) co-localization with insulin in granules of pancreatic ß-cells was demonstrated more than three decades ago, its physiological role in the etiology of diabetes is stili unclear. We combined biochemical and electrophysiological analyses of mice selectively deficient in peripheral tryptophan hydroxylase (Tph1-/-) and 5-HT to show that intracellular 5-HT regulates insulin secretion. We found that these mice are diabetic and have an impaired insulin secretion due to the lack of 5-HT in the pancreas. The pharmacological restoration of peripheral 5-HT levels rescued the impaired insulin secretion in vivo. These findings were further evidenced by patch clamp experiments with isolated Tph1-/- ß-cells, which clearly showed that the secretory defect is downstream of Ca2+ -signaling and can be rescued by direct intracellular application of 5-HT via the clamp pipette. In elucidating the underlying mechanism further, we demonstrate the covalent coupling of 5-HT by transglutaminases during insulin exocytosis to two key players in insulin secretion, the small GTPases Rab3a and Rab27a. This renders them constitutively active in a receptor-independent signaling mechanism we have recently termed serotonylation. Concordantly, an inhibition of such activating serotonylation in ß-cells abates insulin secretion. We also observed inactivation of serotonylated Rab3a by enhanced proteasomal degradation, which is in line with the inactivation of other serotonylated GTPases. Our results demonstrate that 5-HT regulates insulin secretion by serotonylation of GTPases within pancreatic ß-cells and suggest that intracellular 5-HT functions in various microenvironments via this mechanism in concert with the known receptor-mediated signaling.
Ključne besede: insulin secretion, serotonin, insulin, glucose, diabetes mellitus, guanosine triphosphatase, exocytosis, pancreas
Objavljeno v DKUM: 16.06.2017; Ogledov: 2195; Prenosov: 196
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