1. An overview of molecular markers for identification of non-human fecal pollution sourcesTanja Žlender, Maja Rupnik, 2023, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Identifying primary sources of fecal pollution is important for assessing public health risks and implementing effective remediation strategies. To date, one of the main molecular approaches for identifying sources of fecal pollution relies on detecting molecular markers within bacterial, viral, or mitochondrial nucleic acids, that are indicative of a particular host. With a primary focus on identifying fecal pollution originating from humans, the field of fecal source tracking often places less emphasis on livestock sources, frequently leaving the problem of wildlife fecal pollution unaddressed. In this review, we summarize 55 previously published and validated molecular assays and describe methods for the detection of molecular markers that are indicative of non-human hosts. They cover a range of 15 animal species/groups with a primary focus on domestic animals including cattle, pigs, dogs, and poultry. Among assays associated with wild animals, the majority are designed to detect bird feces, while the availability of assays for detecting feces of other wild animals is limited. Both domestic and wild animals can represent a zoonotic reservoir of human enteropathogens, emphasizing the importance of their role in public health. This review highlights the need to address the complexity of fecal contamination and to include a broader range of animal species into assay validation and marker identification.
Ključne besede: fecal source tracking, microbial source tracking, fecal pollution, host-specific markers, animals
Objavljeno v DKUM: 27.05.2024; Ogledov: 165; Prenosov: 16
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2. The role of education in sustainable dietary patterns in SloveniaAndrej Kirbiš, Monika Lamot, Marija Javornik, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The most sustainable dietary patterns involve the consumption of plant-based (vegan) foods, excluding or reducing animal products, including meat, fish, and dairy, yet there is a lack of research on determinants of sustainable dietary patterns in central European countries. The present article aimed to examine the prevalence of sustainable dietary practices and attitudes among the Slovenian public and to investigate the role of education in fostering sustainable dietary patterns. We analyzed a representative national sample of Slovenians, with data gathered in 2019 (ISSP/Slovenian Public Opinion; N = 1079; 51.2% females). The results indicate that most Slovenians do not have sustainable dietary practices or attitudes with regard to health, the environment, animals, and dietary minorities. One in four Slovenians consume meat at least once per day and one in two consume meat three to six times per week. In addition, 78.2% of Slovenians consume milk at least three times per week; more than half consume milk daily or more often. Fish consumption is the least frequent among the three food groups. At least two-thirds of Slovenians also hold attitudes that are low in sustainability. Results also show that, after controlling for confounding variables, higher educational level emerged as an independent predictor of lower meat consumption, but not of lower fish or milk consumption. Furthermore, those in the lowest educational group are significantly less likely to hold sustainable attitudes than those in the higher educational group. Finally, current student status only decreases meat consumption. Since our results show an educational gradient in meat consumption and attitudes, public health and environmental campaigns should focus on the less-educated groups, encouraging them to reduce meat intake and fostering more sustainable attitudes.
Ključne besede: dietary patterns, education, sustainability, attitudes, meat, animals
Objavljeno v DKUM: 12.04.2024; Ogledov: 223; Prenosov: 22
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3. Ethical discourses of Airbnb animal experiencesLea Plahuta, 2021, magistrsko delo Opis: Animal tourism represents a large part of the tourist market. Due to its growth, the number of animals involved in tourism is also increasing, which often has a negative impact on their welfare and the preservation of the animal species. In response to the public concerns regarding the negative impacts on animal use in tourism and other areas, a number of ethical approaches have been discussed and developed. These have become the starting point for formulating the strategies, guidelines and policies of many tourism companies that use animals for tourism purposes. Among them is Airbnb, one of the leading tourism companies in the world, which in 2019, presented travel experiences that involve animals in various ways. In addition to the research of the animal experiences offered on the Airbnb online platform, the empirical part focused mainly on researching ethical discourses reflected in discussions of animal experience by both Airbnb and its animal experience providers, where we found out that both used different ethical discourses. Airbnb has represented a caring discourse based on the principle of ecofeminist approach and animal welfare discourse, the latter reflecting the involvement of a non-profit organization World Animal Protection in shaping its policies, which follow the framework of the five freedoms. The ethical discourses of the providers were also caring discourse and animal welfare discourse, with added utilitarian and ecocentric discourses. The only discourse that was not represented within the chosen ethical approaches is the animal rights discourse, which does not approve of any use of animals.
Ključne besede: tourism, animals, ethics, experiences
Objavljeno v DKUM: 29.11.2021; Ogledov: 1096; Prenosov: 80
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4. Identification of risk factors influencing Clostridium difficile prevalence in middle-size dairy farmsPetra Bandelj, Rok Blagus, France Briški, Olga Frlic, Aleksandra Vergles-Rataj, Maja Rupnik, Matjaž Ocepek, Modest Vengušt, 2016, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Farm animals have been suggested to play an important role in the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in the community. The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors associated with C. difficile dissemination in family dairy farms, which are the most common farming model in the European Union. Environmental samples and fecal samples from cows and calves were collected repeatedly over a 1 year period on 20 mid-size family dairy farms. Clostridium difficile was detected in cattle feces on all farms using qPCR. The average prevalence between farms was 10% (0-44.4%) and 35.7% (3.7-66.7%) in cows and calves, respectively. Bacterial culture yielded 103 C. difficile isolates from cattle and 61 from the environment. Most C. difficile isolates were PCR-ribotype 033. A univariate mixed effect model analysis of risk factors associated dietary changes with increasing C. difficile prevalence in cows (P = 0.0004); and dietary changes (P = 0.004), breeding Simmental cattle (P = 0.001), mastitis (P = 0.003) and antibiotic treatment (P = 0.003) in calves. Multivariate analysis of risk factors found that dietary changes in cows (P = 0.0001) and calves (P = 0.002) increase C. difficile prevalence; mastitis was identified as a risk factor in calves (P = 0.001). This study shows that C. difficile is common on dairy farms and that shedding is more influenced by farm management than environmental factors. Based on molecular typing of C. difficile isolates, it could also be concluded that family dairy farms are currently not contributing to increased CDI incidence.
Ključne besede: farm animals, clostridium difficile infection (CDI), dairy farms
Objavljeno v DKUM: 29.06.2017; Ogledov: 1334; Prenosov: 412
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5. International Clostridium difficile animal strain collection and large diversity of animal associated strainsSandra Janežič, Valerija Tkalec, Bart Pardon, Alexander Indra, Branko Kokotovic, Jose Luis Blanco, Christian Seyboldt, Rodriguez Diaz, Ian Poxton, Vincent Perreten, Ilenia Drigo, Alena Jiraskova, Matjaž Ocepek, Scott Weese, Glenn Songer, Mark Wilcox, Maja Rupnik, 2014, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Background: Clostridium difficile is an important cause of intestinal infections in some animal species and animals might be a reservoir for community associated human infections. Here we describe a collection of animal associated C. difficile strains from 12 countries based on inclusion criteria of one strain (PCR ribotype) per animal species per laboratory.
Results: Altogether 112 isolates were collected and distributed into 38 PCR ribotypes with agarose based approach and 50 PCR ribotypes with sequencer based approach. Four PCR ribotypes were most prevalent in terms of number of isolates as well as in terms of number of different host species: 078 (14.3% of isolates; 4 hosts), 014/020 (11.6%; 8 hosts); 002 (5.4%; 4 hosts) and 012 (5.4%; 5 hosts). Two animal hosts were best represented; cattle with 31 isolates (20 PCR ribotypes; 7 countries) and pigs with 31 isolates (16 PCR ribotypes; 10 countries).
Conclusions: This results show that although PCR ribotype 078 is often reported as the major animal C. difficile type, especially in pigs, the variability of strains in pigs and other animal hosts is substantial. Most common human PCR ribotypes (014/020 and 002) are also among most prevalent animal associated C. difficile strains worldwide. The widespread dissemination of toxigenic C. difficile and the considerable overlap in strain distribution between species furthers concerns about interspecies, including zoonotic, transmission of this critically important pathogen.
Ključne besede: Clostridium difficile, animals, ribotyping, geographic distribution, strain collection
Objavljeno v DKUM: 29.06.2017; Ogledov: 1320; Prenosov: 400
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6. A Short review of chain controlling systems in livestock production technologyDejan Škorjanc, Maksimiljan Brus, Igor Vojtic, 2005, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: There is a general agreement that the main reason for domestication was to provide a reliable source of food protein. Wild animals were hunted for thousands of years, killed for meat, wool, fur, and liquid by our predecesors.This one-way relationship between humans and animals was changed much later, during domastication and until know, the men took responsibility for animals and changed and developed different production system and ethical relationship with animals. After Second World War, the governments tried to change so called traditional agriculture to more intensive. Animals have been kept in high concentration and for the continuous production as a consequence,disease control became essential. European Union issued the paper on food safety (White paper on food safety 2000) where the EU commission triedto push forward a framework of legislation for further improvement and to develope more transparent and improved quality standards throughout a food chain from farm to table. This paper reviews a number of recent developments, starting with an integrated quality control system that collecting important data from the animal birth, through to the animal rearing phase to the end (i.e. slaughter). The importance of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) is discussed together with their concepts to assure safe animal food production.
Ključne besede: animals, chain controlling systems, food safety
Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.07.2015; Ogledov: 1280; Prenosov: 28
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