1. Energy flexibility in aluminium smelting : a long-term feasibility study based on the prospects of electricity load and photovoltaic productionMarko Bizjak, Niko Uremović, Domen Mongus, Primož Sukič, Gorazd Štumberger, Haris Salihagić Hrenko, Dragan Mikša, Stanislav Kores, Niko Lukač, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: energy flexibility, aluminium smelting, renewable energy, virtual battery, solar production
Objavljeno v DKUM: 17.12.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 5
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2. Dispersoids in Al-Mg-Si alloy AA 6086 modified by Sc and YFranc Zupanič, Sandi Žist, Mihaela Albu, Ilse Letofsky-Papst, Jaka Burja, Maja Vončina, Tonica Bončina, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: aluminijeve zlitine, toplotna obdelava, mikrostruktura, disperzoidi, dilatometrija, trdota, aluminium alloy, heat treatment, microstructure, dispersoids, dilatometry, DSC, hardness
Objavljeno v DKUM: 05.04.2024; Ogledov: 183; Prenosov: 21
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4. Microstructure, mechanical properties and fatigue behaviour of a new high-strength aluminium alloy AA 6086Franc Zupanič, Jernej Klemenc, Matej Steinacher, Srečko Glodež, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: This study presents the comprehensive experimental investigation of the microstructure, mechanical and fatigue properties of a new high-strength aluminium alloy AA 6086, which was developed from a commercial aluminium alloy AA 6082. The new alloy possesses a higher content of Si, and, it also contains Cu and Zr. The alloy was characterised in the as-cast condition after homogenisation, extrusion, and T6 heat treatment. Light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry were used to analyse the microstructure and the fractography of broken specimens. The quasi-static and fatigue tests were performed on the MTS Landmark 100 kN servo-hydraulic test machine, controlled with a mechanical extensometer with a 25 mm gauge length. The quasi-static strength of the analysed aluminium alloy AA 6086 was found to be significantly higher if compared to some other AA 6xxx alloys, while the ductility was kept almost the same. The experimental results of the comprehensive fatigue tests in a Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) and High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) regime showed a good fatigue resistance, and represent a good basis for engineering design applications of the newly developed aluminium alloy AA 6086.
Ključne besede: aluminijeve zlitine, karakterizacija materiala, utrujanje, eksperimentalno testiranje, statistično ovrednotenje, Aluminium Alloy AA 6086, material characterisation, fatigue behaviour, experimental testing, statistical evaluation
Objavljeno v DKUM: 02.04.2024; Ogledov: 281; Prenosov: 22
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5. LCF behaviour of high strength aluminium alloys AA 6110A and AA 6086Jernej Klemenc, Srečko Glodež, Matej Steinacher, Franc Zupanič, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The proposed research presents the comprehensive investigation of the Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) behaviour of two high-strength aluminium alloys of series AA 6xxx: the conventional alloy AA 6110A and the newly developed alloy AA 6086. Both alloys were characterised in the as-cast condition after homogenisation, extrusion, and T6 heat treatment.
The quasi-static strength and hardness of the aluminium alloy AA 6086 were found to be significantly higher if compared to the AA 6110A alloys, while the ductility was a little bit smaller. The LCF tests showed that the AA 6086 alloy is more suitable for the high-cycle fatigue regime. On the other hand, the engineering advantage of the AA 6110A alloy is only for low-cycle fatigue applications if less than 100 loading cycles are expected in the service life of the analysed structure. The fatigue cracks formed predominantly on the α-AlMnSi intermetallic particles in both alloys, and, during LCF tests, exhibited small crack propagation. The area of the fatigue crack growth was much smaller than the area of the forced fracture. At smaller amplitude strains the fatigue striations were present at the fracture surface, while, at higher amplitude strains, they were not present. The obtained experimental results represent a good basis for engineering design applications of the analysed alloys AA 6086 and AA 6110A.
Ključne besede: aluminijeve zlitine, malociklično utrujanje, eksperimentalno testiranje, fraktografija, aluminium alloys, low cycle fatigue, experimental testing, fractography
Objavljeno v DKUM: 29.03.2024; Ogledov: 197; Prenosov: 13
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6. High strain-rate deformation analysis of open-cell aluminium foamAnja Mauko, Mustafa Sarıkaya, Mustafa Güden, Isabel Duarte, Matej Borovinšek, Matej Vesenjak, Zoran Ren, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: This study investigated the high-strain rate mechanical properties of open-cell aluminium foam M-pore®. While previous research has examined the response of this type of foam under quasi-static and transitional dynamic loading conditions, there is a lack of knowledge about its behaviour under higher strain rates (transitional and shock loading regimes). To address this gap in understanding, cylindrical open-cell foam specimens were tested using a modified Direct Impact Hopkinson Bar (DIHB) apparatus over a wide range of strain rates, up to 93 m/s. The results showed a strong dependency of the foam's behaviour on the loading rate, with increased plateau stress and changes in deformation front formation and propagation at higher strain rates. The internal structure of the specimens was examined using X-ray micro-computed tomography (mCT). The mCT images were used to build simplified 3D numerical models of analysed aluminium foam specimens that were used in computational simulations of their behaviour under all experimentally tested loading regimes using LS-DYNA software. The overall agreement between the experimental and computational results was good enough to validate the built numerical models capable of correctly simulating the mechanical response of analysed aluminium foam at different loading rates.
Ključne besede: Open-cell aluminium foam, Micro-computed tomography, High-strain rate, Direct impact hopkinson bar, Digital image correlation, Computer simulation
Objavljeno v DKUM: 06.12.2023; Ogledov: 428; Prenosov: 42
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7. Wear Behaviour of Multilayer Al-PVD-Coated Polymer GearsTonica Bončina, Brigita Polanec, Franc Zupanič, Srečko Glodež, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: A comprehensive experimental investigation of the wear behaviour of coated spur polymer gears made of POM is performed in this study. Three different thicknesses of aluminium (Al) coatings were investigated and deposited by the Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) process. The Al coating was deposited in three steps: By plasma activation, metallisation of the aluminium by the magnetron sputtering process, and plasma polymerisation. The wear of the gears was tested on an in-house developed testing rig for different torques (16, 20, and 24 Nm) and a rotational speed of 1000 rpm. The duration of the experiments was set to 13 h, when the tooth thickness and, consequently, the wear of the tooth flank were recorded. The experimental results showed that the influence of metallisation with aluminium surface coatings on the wear behaviour of the analysed polymer gear is not significantly important. The results also showed that the gears with a thicker aluminium coating showed greater wear than gears with a thinner coating or even without a coating. This is probably due to the fact that the aluminium particles that started to deviate during gear operation represented the abrasive material, which led to the faster wear of the contacting surfaces of the meshing gear flanks.
Ključne besede: polymer gears, aluminium PVD coating, Physical Vapour Deposition process, multilayer coating, wear
Objavljeno v DKUM: 15.11.2022; Ogledov: 580; Prenosov: 79
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8. Preparation and electrochemical characterization of aluminium liquid battery cells with two different electrolytes ($NaCl-BaCl_2-AlF_3-NaF$ and $LiF-AlF_3-BaF_2$)Viktor Napast, Jože Moškon, Marko Homšak, Aljana Petek, Miran Gaberšček, 2015, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The possibility of preparation of operating rechargeable liquid battery cells based on aluminium and its alloys is systematically checked. In all cases we started from aluminium as the negative electrode whereas as the positive electrode three different metals were tested: $Pb$, $Bi$, and $Sn$. Two types of electrolytes were selected: $Na_3AlF_6-AlF_3-BaCl_2-NaCl$ and $Li_3AlF_3-BaF_2$. We show that some of these combinations allowed efficient separation of individual liquid layers. The cells exhibited expected voltages, relatively high current densities and could be charged and discharged several times. The capacities were relatively low (120 mAh in the case of $Al-Pb$ system), mostly due to unoptimised cell construction. Improvements in various directions are possible, especially by hermetically sealing the cells thus preventing salt evaporation. Similarly, solubility of aluminium in alloys can be increased by optimising the composition of positive electrode.
Ključne besede: liquid batteries, aluminium, alloy, electrochemistry
Objavljeno v DKUM: 24.08.2017; Ogledov: 1390; Prenosov: 339
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9. The action of a laser on an aluminium targetVišnja Henč-Bartolič, Tonica Bončina, Suzana Jakovljević, Davor Pipić, Franc Zupanič, 2008, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: A nitrogen laser beam (337 nm, 6 ns (FWHM), (3.2 [plus minus] 0.2) mJ) was focused with a quartz lens (f = 100 mm) onto an aluminium target in air at normal pressure. The laser irradiation and plasma explosion caused a modification to the Al surface and the deposition of a thin film (droplets) onto a glassy carbon plate. The irradiated target and the deposited material were studied with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a focused-ion-beam (FIB) device. A crater surrounded by a rim was produced on the spot of maximum irradiation on the aluminium target. The crater, very deep in comparison to its width and thickness, was presumably caused by the Kelvin-Helmholtz and the Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities. The temperatures of the electron and the massive particles were explained.
Ključne besede: aluminium, laser ablation, thin film deposition, instabilities, temperatures
Objavljeno v DKUM: 23.03.2017; Ogledov: 1622; Prenosov: 121
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10. DSC/TG of Al-based alloyed powders for p/m applicationsBorivoj Šuštaršič, Jože Medved, Srečko Glodež, Marko Šori, Albert Korošec, 2014, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Al-based alloyed powders, appropriate for the sintering procedure (powder metallurgy, P/M) contain the alloying elements with a high solid solubility in Al, enabling reaction and liquid-phase sintering. They are surface oxidised because of a high affinity of Al to oxygen. Besides, this type of powders contains a polymeric lubricant (wax), which reduces the friction on die walls during automatic die compaction into the final compact shape of a product. This lubricant has to be removed slowly during the first stage of sintering in order to prevent deformations and cracking of the product. Consequently, its sintering is very complex. Generally, these powders are sintered in pure nitrogen with a low dew point. The optimum sintering conditions are generally determined on the basis of light and scanning electron microscopy. The investigation can also be completed very successively with differential scanning calorimetry and thermo gravimetry. The first one allows an insight into the endo- and exothermic reactions, taking place during the heating and cooling of a compacted metal powder, and the second one allows an insight into the processes, connected with the mass loss (a reduction, a lubricant removal, etc.) or mass increase (an oxidation). The DSC/TG of three commercial Al-based alloyed powders was performed in the frame of our investigations. The results were compared with the theoretical thermodynamic-based calculations and the optimum sintering conditions were proposed.
Ključne besede: aluminium powders, sintering, differential scanning calorimetry and thermo gravimetry
Objavljeno v DKUM: 15.03.2017; Ogledov: 1384; Prenosov: 138
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