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1.
Human-centered ai in smart farming : toward agriculture 5.0
Andreas Holzinger, Iztok Fister, Iztok Fister, Peter Kaul, Senthold Asseng, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: This paper delineates the contemporary landscape, challenges, and prospective developments in human-centred artificial intelligence (AI) within the ambit of smart farming, a pivotal element of the emergent Agriculture 5.0, supplanting Agriculture 4.0. Analogous to Industry 4.0, agriculture has witnessed a trend towards comprehensive automation, often marginalizing human involvement. However, this approach has encountered limitations in agricultural contexts for various reasons. While AI’s capacity to assume human tasks is acknowledged, the inclusion of human expertise and experiential knowledge (human-in-the-loop) often proves indispensable, corroborated by the Moravec’s Paradox: tasks simple for humans are complex for AI. Furthermore, social, ethical, and legal imperatives necessitate human oversight of AI, a stance strongly reflected in the European Union’s regulatory framework. Consequently, this paper explores the advancements in human-centred AI focusing on their application in agricultural processes. These technological strides aim to enhance crop yields, minimize labor and resource wastage, and optimize the farm-to-consumer supply chain. The potential of AI to augment human decision-making, thereby fostering a sustainable, efficient, and resilient agri-food sector, is a focal point of this discussion - motivated by the current worldwide extreme weather events. Finally, a framework for Agriculture 5.0 is presented, which balances technological prowess with the needs, capabilities, and contexts of human stakeholders. Such an approach, emphasizing accessible, intuitive AI systems that meaningfully complement human activities, is crucial for the successful realization of future Agriculture 5.0.
Ključne besede: human-centered AI, smart framing, agriculture 5.0, digital transformation, artificial intelligence
Objavljeno v DKUM: 23.04.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 3
.pdf Celotno besedilo (1,10 MB)

2.
Rockerbot: rover kinematics for maize farming
Matteo Zinzani, Mirko Usuelli, Paolo Cudrano, Simone Mentasti, Carlo Arnone, Andrea Cerutti, Alba Lo Grasso, Abdelrahman Tarek Farag, Matteo Matteucci, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: Crop inspection plays a significant role in modern agricultural practices as it enables farmers to evaluate the condition of their fields and make informed decisions regarding crop management. However, existing methods of crop inspection are often labor-intensive, leading to slow and costly processes. Therefore, there is a pressing need for more efficient and cost-effective approaches to crop inspection to improve agricultural productivity, sustainability, and to deal with labor shortage. In this study, we present Rockerbot, a novel agricultural robot designed as a compact rover capable of navigating and surveying maize fields in their early growth stages. This technology is essential for timely landscape adjustments to ensure optimal crop production. The document offers a comprehensive review of the decisions made during the hardware and software development stages. The hardware section is centered around design choices influenced by the rover’s kinematics, while the software section outlines the tasks that Rockerbot can perform using mobile perception, such as mapping, sensing, and detection.
Ključne besede: agricultural robotics, smart agriculture, autonomous navigation, watering, mapping
Objavljeno v DKUM: 23.04.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 0
URL Povezava na datoteko

3.
An autonomous field robot Farmbeast - the field robot event 2023 edition
Gregor Popič, Urban Naveršnik, Jaša Jernej Rakun Kokalj, Erik Rihter, Jurij Rakun, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: In contemporary agricultural automation, the demand for highly adaptive autonomous systems is rapidly increasing. Addressing this need, we introduce the latest iteration of FarmBeast, an advanced autonomous robot designed for precise navigation and operation within the complex terrain of cornfields. This paper details the technical specifications and functionalities of FarmBeast, developed by a Slovenian student team from the University of Maribor for the international Field Robot Event (FRE) 2023. The enhanced version features significant hardware and software upgrades, including a completely new robotic platform, a multichannel LIDAR system, an Xsens IMU, and advanced algorithms for efficient row navigation and weed removal. These integrated technologies aim to improve the efficiency and reliability of agricultural processes, reflecting the broader trend towards digitization and precision farming. Participation in international competitions like FRE provides a valuable platform for students to apply interdisciplinary knowledge, fostering the development of practical skills and understanding the interconnectedness of various scientific disciplines. As highlighted in the results section, FarmBeast performed notably compared to other 14 robots, securing top-five finishes in navigation, plant treatment, and obstacle detection tasks, demonstrating its capabilities in dynamic agricultural settings.
Ključne besede: precision agriculture, robotics, sensors, algorithms
Objavljeno v DKUM: 23.04.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 0
URL Povezava na datoteko

4.
Agricultura scientia
2023, revija

Ključne besede: agriculture, scientific journals
Objavljeno v DKUM: 23.04.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 0
URL Povezava na datoteko
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5.
Specific fertilization practices reveal important insights into the complex interaction between microbes and enzymes in soils of different farming systems
Maša Pintarič, Ana Štuhec, Eva Tratnik, Tomaž Langerholc, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: The interaction of microorganisms and their enzyme activity is one of the key indicators for a comprehensive measurement of soil health. The aim of this study was to determine significant correlations between different soil microorganisms and enzyme activities of β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, urease, arylamidase, phosphatase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and arylsulfatase after supplementation with standard fertilizer, spent mushroom substrate and composed fertilizer in soils from conventional–integrated, organic and biodynamic farming. Samples were grouped according to the farming system and fertilization for all seasons. The biodynamic farm was the least affected by the different fertilizations, except for standard fertilization. Standard fertilizer caused negative correlations between the actinomycetes and the arylsulfatase in organic and biodynamic farms. The same fertilization affected the actinomycetes/phosphatase relationship differently, regardless of the basic soil structure. Actinomycetes correlated positively with acid phosphatase and urease in conventional–integrated and biodynamic farms after spent mushroom substrate, respectively. Arylamidase activity in relation to total microorganisms responded to fertilization with standard fertilizer and spent mushroom substrate independently of the basic soil structure. Fertilization can influence the soil microbe/enzyme relationships in different soils. Regardless of the basic soil structure, some of these relationships could be important indicators for further studies.
Ključne besede: agriculture, conventional-integrated, organic, biodynamic, fertilization, soil microorganisms, soil enzyme activity
Objavljeno v DKUM: 17.04.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 0
URL Povezava na datoteko

6.
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF DIVERSIFICATION IN MILK FARM BUSINESS USING REAL OPTIONS APPROACH
Nemanja Jalić, 2025, doktorska disertacija

Opis: The significance of the agricultural sector in the economy of Republika Srpska, as well as the importance of dairy cattle farming within agriculture, determined the thematic field of the research, which had several key research objectives. The first objective of the dissertation was to determine the economic efficiency of the investment in milk production and sales on family farms with 8-15 dairy cows in Republika Srpska. The second objective was to assess the risk, or volatility, of such investment projects. The third objective was to calculate the additional value of diversification in transitioning from selling milk to milk processing into cheese on the same farm and determine the additional project's strategic value. The final objective was to compare the case studies of the analyzed farms based on selected indicators. Primary data were collected by interviewing five farmers who produce milk and process it into cheese while secondary data were obtained from various sources. Key data processing methods included Cost-Benefit Analysis, Monte Carlo simulations, and Black-Scholes and Binomial methods for evaluating real options. Based on the results of the analysis of milk production projects on small farms in Republika Srpska, it was concluded that these projects are economically unsustainable due to their negative and insufficiently satisfactory indicators. Through Monte Carlo simulations, it was determined that changes in input and output prices have an impact on such projects. Diversification of milk production into cheese processing on small farms is economically efficient, as the option values of the additional project are satisfactory and the NPVS, representing the total value of the additional project, ranges from €28,000 to €143,000 for all five analyzed farms. Based on the farm analysis, the conclusion is that the farm with the highest number of dairy cows implements an extensive feeding method, and sells its products at a prominent tourist location in rural areas has the best indicators and represents the best business model for small milk farms in the territory of Republika Srpska.
Ključne besede: Agriculture, Milk farming, Cheese production, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Real Options Approach, Monte Carlo Simulation
Objavljeno v DKUM: 13.03.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 11
.pdf Celotno besedilo (7,79 MB)

7.
Climate change and agriculture management : Western Balkan region analysis
Franc Željko Županič, Danka Radić, Iztok Podbregar, 2021, pregledni znanstveni članek

Opis: Background: This paper aims to analyze the possibilities of the agricultural sector of the Western Balkan to assess compliance with the European Green Deal, which provides for the implementation of activities, which should enable the transition to sustainable agriculture and climate change mitigation. This paper is among the first to present the causality of agriculture and climate change (status, mitigation, and perspectives) in general and in light of the European Green Deal for the Western Balkan territory. Main text: Agricultural production is a leading industry in the Western Balkan. Climate change and predictions that temperatures will increase by 4 °C in the coming decades pose a risk not only to agricultural production but also to the safety of the population, because agriculture is the main source of income for a significant part of it. Uncontrolled floods and droughts caused by climate change are a particular danger for agriculture and human existence. This paper demonstrates that agriculture in the WB can be considered critically affected by climate change. Conclusions:Unless appropriate measures are taken and risk management for water resources and agriculture is improved, there will be a further decrease in precipitation and an increase in dry days by 20%. Such a scenario endangers not only the already vulnerable climate sustainability and biodiversity of the region but also the existence of a population employed in agriculture and the contribution of the agricultural sector to the gross domestic product. However, future planning based on the Common Agriculture Policy (CAP) and European Green Deal, the adoption of a related regulatory framework, the establishment and regular monitoring of supporting financing mechanisms, regional cooperation, and improving risk management (with emphasis on the local level) can mitigate the present impact and decrease the expected negative impact of climate change on agriculture and biodiversity in the WB region.
Ključne besede: climate change, sustainable agriculture, risk management, Western Balkan countries, European Green Deal
Objavljeno v DKUM: 08.11.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 8
.pdf Celotno besedilo (1,18 MB)
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8.
Vine canopy reconstruction and assessment with terrestrial lidar and aerial imaging
Igor Petrović, Matej Sečnik, Marko Hočevar, Peter Berk, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: For successful dosing of plant protection products, the characteristics of the vine canopies should be known, based on which the spray amount should be dosed. In the field experiment, we compared two optical experimental methods, terrestrial lidar and aerial photogrammetry, with manual defoliation of some selected vines. Like those of other authors, our results show that both terrestrial lidar and aerial photogrammetry were able to represent the canopy well with correlation coefficients around 0.9 between the measured variables and the number of leaves. We found that in the case of aerial photogrammetry, significantly more points were found in the point cloud, but this depended on the choice of the ground sampling distance. Our results show that in the case of aerial UAS photogrammetry, subdividing the vine canopy segments to 5 × 5 cm gives the best representation of the volume of vine canopies.
Ključne besede: precision agriculture, remote sensing, 3D point clouds, vineyard, canopy reconstruction, terrestrial lidar, aerial photogrammetry, manual defoliation
Objavljeno v DKUM: 15.07.2024; Ogledov: 123; Prenosov: 11
URL Povezava na celotno besedilo
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9.
Possibilities and concerns of implementing precision agriculture technologies on small farms in Slovenia
Jurij Rakun, Erik Rihter, Damijan Kelc, Denis Stajnko, Peter Vindiš, Peter Berk, Peter Polič, Miran Lakota, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek

Opis: Precision agriculture (PA) through the use and utilization of innovative technologies is a concept in agricultural management that enables long-term efficiency gains, control of unforeseen changes, and a reduction of negative impacts on the environment. However, there are even more reasons and benefits to using precision agriculture technologies (PATs) on farms, but the actual use on small farms is often questionable. The main objective of this research was to evaluate and analyze the current state of PA and its potential on a set of small farms. In addition, a comparison was made between small farms located in less favored areas (LFAs) and more favored areas (MFAs) to find if specific characteristics of the surrounding environment affect the (non-) implementation of these technologies by farm owners, with respect to the given regional possibilities. The result shows that 57.5% of respondents on these farms have never implemented PATs before and 20% are beginners in their respective fields. It was found that there were no statistically significant differences in the integration between fewer LFAs and MFAs technologies and their use in this study. The majority of respondents believe that the main changes need to occur on the level of politics. The results show that the level of cost or initial investment is the main reason and the main obstacle in the implementation of PATs on the surveyed farms.
Ključne besede: precision agriculture, small farm, technological innovations, implementation, situation overview, survey, ICT
Objavljeno v DKUM: 02.07.2024; Ogledov: 161; Prenosov: 22
.pdf Celotno besedilo (295,09 KB)
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10.
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