1. Reduced use of nitrites and phosphates in dry-fermented sausagesMartin Škrlep, Manja Ozmec, Marjeta Čandek-Potokar, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Given consumer demand for foods with fewer artificial additives, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of reduced use of nitrites and phosphates on dry-fermented sausage quality. Four sausage formulations were prepared: (1) control (using standard procedure with 0.2% phosphates and 110 mg/kg sodium nitrite) and formulations with (2) 50% less sodium nitrite, (3) 50% less sodium nitrite and sodium ascorbate (225 mg/kg), and (4) with standard nitrite but no phosphates. Weight loss and pH evolution were monitored during processing. The color, physicochemical (including oxidation), rheological, and sensory properties were evaluated on the finished product, as well as mold growth and microbiological status. Compared to control, nitrite reduction was associated with increased surface mold growth, reduced (3.0–4.4%) processing loss, and slightly higher oxidation (1.7 μg/kg more malondialdehyde) but without affecting instrumental color. The simultaneous addition of ascorbate reduced oxidation and improved color stability. The formulation without the phosphates resulted in increased oxidation (3.4 μg/kg more malondialdehyde) and changes in the instrumental color. The observed changes were relatively unimportant, as neither of the tested formulations influenced sensory traits or compromised microbial safety, implying that they can be used in production without any harm or even with some benefits. Ključne besede: dry sausages, additives, nitrites, phosphates, ascorbates Objavljeno v DKUM: 04.07.2024; Ogledov: 109; Prenosov: 16
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2. Improvement of biogas production utilizing a complex anaerobic digestion model and gradient-based optimizationTina Kegl, Breda Kegl, Marko Kegl, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: : Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a promising technology for renewable energy production from organic waste. In order to maximize the produced biogas quantity and quality, this paper deals with the optimization of the AD process in a CSTR bioreactor of a full-scale biogas plant. For this purpose, a novel approach was adopted coupling, a highly complex BioModel for AD simulation, and a gradient-based optimization method. In order to improve AD performance, the dosages of various types of biological additives, the dosages of inorganic additives, and the temperature in the bioreactor were optimized in three different scenarios. The best biogas quality was obtained using multi-objective optimization, where the objective function involves the following two conflicting objectives: the maximization of biogas production and minimization of the needed heating energy. The obtained results show that, potentially, the content of CH4 can be increased by 11%, while the contents of H2, H2S, and NH3 can be reduced by 30%, 20%, and 81% when comparing the simulation results with the experimental data. The obtained results confirm the usefulness of the proposed approach, which can easily be adapted or upgraded for other bioreactor types. Ključne besede: additives, anaerobic digestion, approximation method, BioModel, complex substrate, gradient-based optimization, process conditions Objavljeno v DKUM: 12.03.2024; Ogledov: 298; Prenosov: 27
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3. Investigation of phytotoxicity regarding copper fungicides applied to applesMario Lešnik, Stanislav Vajs, Vesna Gaberšek, Vili Kurnik, 2013, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: apple, copper, phytotoxicity, additives, kaolin clay, pine resin, milk protein Objavljeno v DKUM: 21.12.2015; Ogledov: 1446; Prenosov: 38
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5. Isolation and concentration of natural antioxidants with high-pressure extractionMajda Hadolin Kolar, Andreja Rižner Hraš, Davorin Bauman, Željko Knez, 2004, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: In present work, the purification of crude rosemary extract with supercritical fluids is presented. Carbon dioxide was used as a solvent. The crude extract was prepared from rosemary with conventional extraction process. The supercritical CO2 extraction of crude extracts was performed at pressures 10 and 20 MPa and temperatures 35 and 60 °C. The best results were obtained at pressure 10 MPa and temperature 35 °C. The content of carnosic acid in the samples before and after high pressure extraction was identified by high performance liquid chromatography. The content of carnosic acid in purified extract is higher compared to crude extract. The antioxidative efficiency of extracts was determined by measuring peroxide value. Activity ofpurified rosemary extracts is higher compared to crude extracts. Ključne besede: chemical processing, high pressure technology, extraction, CO2, natural antioxidants, rosemary extract, food additives Objavljeno v DKUM: 01.06.2012; Ogledov: 2664; Prenosov: 113
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