Iskanje po katalogu digitalne knjižnice

Opis: Over the past few decades, machine learning has emerged as a valuable tool in the field of medicine, driven by the accumulation of vast amounts of medical data and the imperative to harness this data for the betterment of humanity. However, many of the prevailing machine learning algorithms in use today are characterized as black-box models, lacking transparency in their decision-making processes and are often devoid of clear visualization capabilities. The transparency of these machine learning models impedes medical experts from effectively leveraging them due to the high-stakes nature of their decisions. Consequently, the need for explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) that aims to address the demand for transparency in the decision-making mechanisms of black-box algorithms has arisen. Alternatively, employing white-box algorithms can empower medical experts by allowing them to contribute their knowledge to the decision-making process and obtain a clear and transparent output. This approach offers an opportunity to personalize machine learning models through an agile process. A novel white-box machine learning algorithm known as Data canyons was employed as a transparent and robust foundation for the proposed solution. By providing medical experts with a web framework where their expertise is transferred to a machine learning model and enabling the utilization of this process in an agile manner, a symbiotic relationship is fostered between the domains of medical expertise and machine learning. The flexibility to manipulate the output machine learning model and visually validate it, even without expertise in machine learning, establishes a crucial link between these two expert domains.
Ključne besede: XAI, explainable artificial intelligence, data canyons, machine learning, transparency, agile development, white-box model
Objavljeno v DKUM: 14.03.2024; Ogledov: 299; Prenosov: 30
Celotno besedilo (5,28 MB)
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Opis: Uvod: Značilnost sindroma Wolff-Parkinson-White so dodatne poti v srcu pacientov, ki vodijo impulze od atrija do prekata. Najpogostejši posledici sta hiter in nereden pulz, ki se pogosteje pojavljata v obliki napadov. Namen zaključnega dela je raziskati sindrom Wolff-Parkinson-White, kakšne so naloge medicinske sestre pri obravnavi pacientov s sindromom Wolff-Parkinson-White, s kakšnimi težavami se pacient s sindromom Wolff-Parkinson-White sooča, kako se nanje odziva ter kakšna je njegova kakovost življenja pri opravljanju telesne dejavnosti. Metode: V teoretičnem delu je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela, v empiričnem delu kvalitativna metodologija, kjer smo izvedli študijo primera pacienta s sindromom Wolff-Parkinson-White s pomočjo delno strukturiranega intervjuja. Rezultati: Najpogostejše težave pacienta, so hiter in nereden srčni utrip, nemoč za nadaljevanje telesne aktivnosti, težje dihanje ob večjem naporu ter utrujenost po napadu simptomatike. Težave se zmanjšajo ob prenehanju aktivnosti, ali ob izvajanju dihalnih vaj za sproščanje. Kakovost življenja pri izvajanju telesne aktivnost je pri pacientu s sindromom Wolff-Parkinson-White na dokaj nizki ravni in je še nižja, kadar pacient ne upošteva navodil, ki mu jih je predpisal kardiolog. Razprava in sklep: Sindrom Wolff-Parkinson-White je dokaj nepoznan sindrom. Težave, ki se pri njem pojavljajo, znižujejo kakovost življenja pacientov in puščajo negativne posledice. Še posebej se to kaže pri pacientih, ki se aktivno ukvarjajo s tekmovalnim športom. Ključne naloge medicinskih sester pri obravnavi pacientov so usmerjene v preventivno zdravstveno vzgojo ter obravnavo pred in po radio-frekvenčni katetrski ablaciji.
Ključne besede: Wolff-Parkinson-White, ablacija, kakovost življenja, zdravstvena nega, telesna aktivnost
Objavljeno v DKUM: 21.09.2020; Ogledov: 1538; Prenosov: 208
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Opis: A total of 1 070 Simmental and Black-White first calving cows and the same number of mother cows were investigated. The first calving cows originally arrived from Slovenia, the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark. No statistically significant differences were established in the milk production and quality of milk between the first calving cows from abroad compared to the first calving Slovenian cows. Statistically significant higher milk production (8 004 ± 981 kg; P ≤0.001) had mother cows of the imported Black-White compared to the Slovene (6 514 ± 1 142 kg) ones. There were no statistically significant differences, in the milk production and quality of milk, between the imported mothers of first calving cows of Simmental breed comparing with Slovenian mothers of first calving cows of the same breed. The milk production between the mothers and their Simmental daughters had a statistically significant correlation (rp = 0.125; P ≤ 0.01). The higher correlation coefficient for this characteristic was established between the Black-White mothers and their daughters (rp = 0.302; P ≤ 0.001). Among the milk production of first calving cows and protein content in milk a statistically negative significant correlation (rp = -0.198; P ≤ 0.001) was established. This result confirmed that the purchase of more expensive animals with better genetic potential is economically unjustified for the breeder who does not reach intensive technology of basic quality voluminous fodder.
Ključne besede: cattle, Simmental, Black-White, milk production, protein, fat
Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.07.2017; Ogledov: 1474; Prenosov: 105
Celotno besedilo (225,07 KB)
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Ključne besede: White, Rob: Transnational environmental crime, ogrožanje okolja, ekološka kriminaliteta, recenzije, ocene in poročila
Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.07.2015; Ogledov: 2744; Prenosov: 63
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Opis: Grapes and wine production residuals, containing grape skins, seeds and stems, represent important sources of phenolic compounds. Red wines are rich in phenolic antioxidants while white wines generally show lower (poly)phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The main difference in the production of white and red wines is the fermentation step. The fermentation of red grapes includes maceration, i.e. it takes place in both liquid and solid parts of the grape. In the case of white wines, the must is clarified before the fermentation starts, cultured yeasts are added to convert the must to wine and antioxidant sulfur dioxide is inserted to protect the wine. The objective of the PhD research was to study antioxidant potential of white grape phenolics both in raw material and fermentation products. First, the standards of phenolic compounds commonly found in white grapes and wines were tested for their antioxidant and antiradical activity. All tested compounds except apigenin showed strong antioxidant and antiradical properties. Afterwards, conventional solid-liquid extraction (CE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) of phenolic compounds from grape seeds were performed. The optimal extraction conditions were investigated and extracts were analyzed in order to determine their total phenolic content, individual phenolic compounds and antiradical potential. Two different drying methods (hot air and freeze drying) were applied to the seeds. Solvent efficiencies of water, ethanol and water-ethanol mixtures were compared at different temperatures. In addition, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with CO2 was investigated as the technique for the recovery of phenolic compounds and for the pretreatment of white grape seed samples. Both CE and PLE gave extracts rich in phenolic compounds with good antiradical properties and, generally, the best results were obtained with PLE at 130°C. At the end, the influence of maceration process on the content and the activity of grape phenolic antioxidants in white wines was studied. For such a purpose, six commercially available macerated white wines from Italy and Croatia were analyzed. In addition, eight non-macerated wines from the same region and variety were studied and compared to macerated wines. The experiments have shown that the maceration process increases the total phenolic content and antiradical activity of the wine. It enables the production of white wines rich in phenolic compounds and with strong antiradical properties in completely natural way using only the grapes and without addition of any chemical agents.
Ključne besede: white grapes, white wine, maceration, antioxidant activity, polyphenols, extraction, PLE, SFE.
Objavljeno v DKUM: 05.04.2012; Ogledov: 2968; Prenosov: 182
Celotno besedilo (5,65 MB)