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Opis: The article discusses the effect of residual stresses on the fatigue strength of torsion bars by using the Dang Van fatigue criterion, at the stress concentration at the root of the tooth and at the smooth part of the torsion bar. Residual compressive stresses were induced on the surface during the technological processes by cold surface rolling and torsional pre-strain (pre-setting) to the plastic range, to increase the elastic linear range and to reduce the stress state during torsional loading. Normally, the stress reduction in the torsion bar at the mounting point is provided by the increased diameter of the splined part, compared to the smooth part of the torsion bar. In the case of a small difference between the diameter of the splined and the smooth parts of the torsion bar, a fatigue crack can be initiated in the notch, which causes the torsion bar to break during operation after a few hundred loading cycles. FEM stress analysis of a torsion bar was performed in the article. The actual residual stresses were measured by the non-destructive X-ray method at the place of stress concentration on the smooth and splined parts with a notch of the torsion bar, and Dang Van’s failure criterion was used to determine the fatigue behavior during torsional loading. Therefore, in the paper, the three methods were combined to determine the optimum lifetime of a torsion bar exposed to the required cyclic torque. The results of the analysis showed that the residual compressive stresses are useful up to a certain limit where the retarded fatigue crack initiation occurred, but a further increase of compressive stress caused an increase of the maximum shear stresses, which, in turn, caused the initiation of fatigue and failure at the splined part of the torsion bar before achieving the required number of cycles.
Ključne besede: Dang Van fatigue criterion, torsion bars, pre-setting, high-cycle fatigue, residual stress
Objavljeno v DKUM: 30.11.2023; Ogledov: 456; Prenosov: 32
Celotno besedilo (7,29 MB)
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Opis: This paper reports the results of a series of biaxial static compression and torsion experiments performed to evaluate the effects of static compression stress on the fatigue life of those smooth tubes made of high strength spring steel. The fatigue life of biaxial loaded springs depends, among others, on biaxial compression and torsion loading. A high shear loading ratio leads to low-cycle fatigue behaviour rather than high-cycle fatigue, because it was found that a crack was initiated at a local highly deformed area on surface of the specimen.The experimentally obtained results show a significant extension of fatigue strain life as a result of combining axial compression loading with torsion. Cracking behaviour was observed and it was noted that compression pre-stresses contribute to retardation of the fatigue crack initiation process and, consequently, contribute to the extension of fatigue life.
Ključne besede: fatigue, fatigue life, micro crack, multi axial stress state, pre-stressing, torsion, torsion bar springs, twist angle
Objavljeno v DKUM: 11.07.2017; Ogledov: 1241; Prenosov: 105
Celotno besedilo (1,10 MB)
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Opis: Doktorska disertacija obravnava življenjsko dobo vzvojnih paličnih in vzvojnih votlih vzmeti v odvisnosti od prednapetja ter lomno mehanske lastnosti le-teh. Vzvojne vzmeti se uporabljajo za vzmetenje koles v mobilni tehniki. Vzvojne palične vzmeti so obremenjene na utrujanje in so občutljive na utrujenostni lom. Kakovost teh vzmeti se kaže v doseženi življenjski dobi in velikosti vzvojne napetosti, s katero je vzmet obremenjena med uporabo. Vzvojne palične vzmeti so zelo občutljive na površinske napake, kar zmanjšamo z gladilnim valjanjem. Večji delovni kot vzmeti dosežemo s prednapetjem v plastično področje. Življenjska doba vzvojnih paličnih vzmeti je odvisna od stopnje prednapetja in od velikosti dinamične obremenitve. Izdelan je računski model za napoved življenjske dobe vzvojnih paličnih vzmeti v odvisnosti od stopnje prednapetja in višine dinamičnega obremenjevanja za namensko izdelano vzmetno jeklo. Ugotovljena sta bila dva karakteristična loma; prečni lom vzmeti, ki nastane takrat, ko se pojavi iniciacija razpoke v notranjosti materiala, in spiralni lom vzmeti, ki nastane takrat, ko je prisotna površinska napaka. Vzvojnim votlim vzmetem povečamo življenjsko dobo s pomočjo tlačnega prednapetja v smeri osi vzmeti. Tlačno prednapetje in delovna vzvojna obremenitev tvorita dvoosno napetostno stanje, ki povečuje število ciklov, in s tem podaljša čas do iniciacije utrujenostne razpoke. Tlačno prednapetje ugodno vpliva tudi na lomno obnašanje vzvojnih votlih vzmeti, ker zmanjšuje vpliv kvalitete površine na življenjsko dobo. Tlačna napetost upočasni iniciacijo na površini votle vzvojne vzmeti, razpoka pa se širi pod vplivom ravninskega napetostnega stanja. Pri izmenično obremenjenih prednapetih vzvojnih votlih vzmeteh se razpoka širi v obliki dveh vijačnic po obodu votle vzmeti. V doktorski nalogi je analiziran pristop, ki omogoča povečanje življenjske dobe vzvojnih votlih vzmeti s pomočjo osnega prednapetja, tako da ga je možno razširiti še na druge vzvojno in upogibno obremenjene strojne elemente.
Ključne besede: vzvojna palična vzmet, prednapetje, večosno napetostno stanje, mikro razpoka, utrujanje, kot zasuka, življenska doba, torzija
Objavljeno v DKUM: 28.10.2009; Ogledov: 5049; Prenosov: 457
Celotno besedilo (10,65 MB)