1. Energy demand distribution and environmental impact assessment of chitosan production from shrimp shellsFilipa A. Vicente, Robert Hren, Uroš Novak, Lidija Čuček, Blaž Likozar, Annamaria Vujanović, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Step towards resilience and sustainability through exploring renewable biomass and waste streams to produce higher-added value products and energy is among key aspects for closing the loops, saving resources, and reducing the resource and emission footprints. In that respective, crustacean shells waste can offer rich spectre of valuable compounds such as proteins, chitin, carotenoids. This waste is produced in large quantities worldwide, thus allowing for commercial valorisation. An overview of technologies is undertaken for more sustainable and environmentally friendly chitosan production via chitin isolation and conversion and compared to the conventional processes. Furthermore, an assessment of the environmental burden and energy demand distribution for conventional and more sustainable alternative processes was performed, based on lab-scale experimental data. Three different chitin extraction routes and three distinct chitosan conversion processes were considered and compared for their greenhouse gas footprint, abiotic depletion, acidification, eutrophication and other potentials. Finally, the energy demand distribution was analysed considering electricity production patterns from three European countries, Slovenia, Portugal and Norway. The results showed that alternatives 3-A and 3-B (conventional eco-solvents - conventional deacetylation with 40 % and 50 % NaOH) generate the lowest environmental burden (184 g CO2 eq./g chitosan). Electricity was the main hotspot of the processes, used either for extraction, plasma treatment or deacetylation. The sensitivity analysis proved that the Norwegian electricity mix has the lowest environmental impact (4.2 g CO2 eq./g chitosan). This study highlights the impact of blue biorefineries by transforming marine waste to valuable biopolymers such as chitin and chitosan.
Ključne besede: shrimp shells waste, blue biorefinery, value-added products, chitosan, sustainable production, comparative environmental assessment
Objavljeno v DKUM: 08.01.2025; Ogledov: 1; Prenosov: 3
 Celotno besedilo (2,16 MB) |
2. Life Cycle Assessment of Pilot-Scale Bio-Refining of Invasive Japanese Knotweed Alien Plant towards Bio-Based Bioactive CompoundsRobert Hren, Katerina Naumoska, Urška Jug, Lidija Čuček, Blaž Likozar, Uroš Novak, Annamaria Vujanović, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Japanese knotweed is an invasive alien plant species with characteristic rapid expansion in Europe and North America and resistance to extermination. It displaces autochthonous biodiversity and causes major damage to infrastructure, thus causing global ecological and economic damage. The Japanese knotweed plant is usually eradicated using various chemical, biological, or mechanical techniques, which at a large scale include heavy equipment, usually followed by incineration. Therefore, excavation is preferred to eradication techniques, and as a biomass waste recovery method due to the extraction of high-value biocompounds. This is supported by the fact that the Japanese knotweed possesses various bioactive compounds with beneficial effects on human health. Its rhizome bark extract produces strong and stable antioxidant activity over time, as well as apoptotic, antibacterial, and other beneficial activities. In this work, an environmental impact assessment, including greenhouse gas footprint, acidification, eutrophication, and ecotoxicity for extraction route of the Japanese knotweed rhizome bark, is performed. A comparative case study between the lab-based and proposed pilot-scale production of active added-value extract was evaluated. The results show the pilot-scale production exhibits lower environmental burdens, mainly due to greater electricity requirements for the lab-scale alternative.
Ključne besede: Japanese knotweed rhizome bark extract, invasive alien plant species, bioactive compounds, lab-scale, pilot-scale, life cycle assessment (LCA), environmental burden assessment
Objavljeno v DKUM: 19.03.2024; Ogledov: 236; Prenosov: 20
Celotno besedilo (1,31 MB)
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3. Vpeljava trajnostnih postopkov za ločitev bio-osnovanih gradnikov iz odpadne morske biomase za napredno uporaboIvan Knechtl, 2018, diplomsko delo Opis: Diplomsko delo prikazuje študijo evtektičnih topil in njihovo uporabo za izolacijo hitina iz odpadnih lupin škampov, kvantitativnega in kvalitativnega določanja izoliranega hitina in sintezo hitozana iz pridobljenega hitina za izdelavo biofilmov.
Pri študiji smo uporabili štiri različna evtektična topila iz mešanic komponent holin klorid – citronska kislina (CCCA), holin klorid – malonska kislina (CCMA), holin klorid – mlečna kislina (CCLA) in holin klorid – sečnina (CCU) za izvedbo 3-urne in 6-urne fragmentacije 1 g in 2 g zmletih lupin škampov v mešalnem reaktorju pri različnih temperaturah. Za kvalitativno določanje izoliranega hitina smo uporabili FTIR spektroskopijo pri čemer smo dobljen spekter primerjali s spektrom komercialnega vzorca hitina. Morfološke karakteristike izoliranega hitina z uporabo sintetiziranih evtektičnih topil smo nato posneli s SEM mikroskopom.
Hitozan smo pridobili preko N-acetilacije z uporabo 70 % raztopine natrijevega hidroksida pri povišani temperaturi. Filme na osnovi pridobljenega hitozana smo naredili z metodo ulivanja v kalup.
Najboljše rezultate glede na izkoristek izolacije hitina iz vzorca smo dobili z evtektično zmesjo holin klorid – mlečna kislina (CCLA). V splošnem smo opazili trend povečanja izkoristkov izolacije hitina iz vzorca pri povečanju temperature in mase natehtanih zmletih lupin škampov. Ugotovili smo, da evtektična topila kažejo velik potencial kot okolju neškodljiv in trajnostni nadomestek konvencionalnim topilom, ki so toksična in okolju manj prijazna.
Ključne besede: Biopolimer, biofilm, hitin, hitozan, evtektična topila, odpadna morska biomasa, zelena kemija
Objavljeno v DKUM: 09.10.2018; Ogledov: 1705; Prenosov: 147
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