1. Attention allocation and gaze behavior while driving: a comparison among young, middle-aged and elderly driversAnamarija Poll, Tomaž Tollazzi, Chiara Gruden, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: In 2023, 95.5 million Europeans were aged over 65, falling within the definition of the “elderly population”. According to statistics, this number will rise to 129.8 million by 2050, making Europe the oldest continent in the world. One of the consequences of such growth is a sharp increase in the number of elderly drivers. Although they have more experience, which can positively impact road safety, their performance and health generally decline, limiting some of the physical and mental abilities required for safe vehicle control. The main objective of this research was to shed light on the behavior of elderly drivers by comparing three different drivers’ age groups: young, middle-aged and elderly drivers. Based on analysis of road accidents involving elderly drivers, the road safety situation for elderly drivers in Slovenia was highlighted, a questionnaire was developed to understand how elderly drivers perceive traffic, and an experiment was conducted where 30 volunteers were tested using a driving simulator and eye-tracking glasses. Objective driving and gaze behavior data were obtained, and very different performance was found among the three age groups, with elderly drivers having poorer reaction times and overlooking many elements compared to younger drivers.
Ključne besede: road safety, sustainable safety, elderly drivers, gaze behavior, driving simulator
Objavljeno v DKUM: 03.11.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 6
 Celotno besedilo (2,20 MB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
2. Overview of the Patents and Patent Applications on Upper Guardrail Protection Systems for MotorcyclistsLaura Brigita Parežnik, Marko Renčelj, Tomaž Tollazzi, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Upright-posture motorcycle crashes against steel safety barriers (SSBs) often result in severe upper-body injuries due to the sharp upper edge of the rail. While solutions for sliding crashes on curves, called a ‘motorcyclist-friendly barrier’, are already implemented in practice, protective measures for upright-posture impacts remain underdeveloped. This study systematically reviews patents and patent applications addressing upper guardrail protection for motorcyclists. We identified and analysed a small number of existing innovations aimed at mitigating the consequences of upright crashes. The selected solutions were evaluated according to their technical design, ease of installation, potential for recycling, environmental compatibility, and expected costs. Our comparative analysis reveals that while some patents or patent applications offer promising features, such as flexible caps, bent plates, or modular attachments, none comprehensively address all safety, environmental, and economic requirements. The findings provide a basis for further development of motorcyclist-friendly SSB designs and suggest specific criteria that should be included in future guidelines and standard updates.
Ključne besede: motorcyclist safety, steel safety barriers, upright-posture crash, motorcycle-friendly barrier, roadside safety, protective barrier design, road infrastructure, injury prevention, patent analysis
Objavljeno v DKUM: 02.07.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 7
Celotno besedilo (2,16 MB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
3. A preliminary assessment of rider/driver gaze behaviour in slovenian urban areasTomaž Tollazzi, Matej Moharić, Chiara Gruden, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Motorcycle riders are an increasing group of road users. The intrinsic characteristics of
powered two wheelers (PTW) allow them to be particularly flexible, both in urban and extra-urban
environments. Nevertheless, crash statistics indicate that riders involved in road accidents are highly
likely to suffer severe injuries, underlining the vulnerability of this group of road users. An element
that can greatly affect the safety of PTW users is road design, as roads are usually designed for
two-track vehicles (cars, buses, and lorries) and do not consider the needs of PTWs. Additionally,
handling a motorcycle is quite different from driving a car; thus, the behaviour of riders is different to
that of drivers. The aim of this paper is to compare how different road designs are perceived by riders
and drivers and to preliminarily assess if riders’ behaviour and attention allocation are related. For
the purpose of this research, an eye-tracking experiment was developed outdoors. Both drivers and
riders travelled along a route comprising four different road designs and various road layouts, and
the output was analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Although it was not possible to carry
out a statistical analysis due to the limited number of participants, the results demonstrate that there
is a difference in the gaze behaviour of drivers and riders, with the latter being far more focused on
the left-hand side of the road and concentrating on defined elements of road design. Furthermore, the
experiment demonstrated that a higher number of fixations is related to lower speeds. Finally, it was
noted that both kinds of road users focus fairly well on the carriageway, leading to the conclusion that
the indications given through road markings may be much more effective than vertical signalisation,
which has rarely been observed.
Ključne besede: road safety, powered two-wheelers (PTW), ridera, eye-tracking, gaze behavior
Objavljeno v DKUM: 13.03.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 7
Celotno besedilo (3,01 MB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
4. In-depth analysis of fatal motorcycle accidents—case study in SloveniaTomaž Tollazzi, Laura Brigita Parežnik, Chiara Gruden, Marko Renčelj, 2025, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Motorcyclists remain a disproportionately large group of vulnerable road users, with fatality rates significantly higher than that in other road groups. Additionally, fatal accidents involving motorcyclists have a more slowly decreasing trend in comparison to that of other road users, while the number of this kind of users is growing fast. For all these reasons, there is a need to understand what the key factors leading to fatal accidents are in order to identify the possible measures to minimize the accidents themselves or at least their consequences. This would permit, indeed, to positively impact the road traffic system, leading to the creation of the safest road traffic system possible, as it is the goal of the Sustainable Safety approach. The aim of this study is to dive into the mentioned problem, analyzing fatal motorcycle accidents in Slovenia over a decade, highlighting the key factors contributing to these incidents. By integrating data from four databases, the study evaluated accident trends, infrastructural elements, and rider behavior through a multi-stage analysis. Firstly, data were collected from four national, up-to-date databases that contain information about road accidents themselves, the road infrastructure, additional police data, and media descriptions. After merging this information into one comprehensive database, where each row represents all the data available for one accident, a general analysis of accidents’ trends over the considered 10-year period was developed, considering at first all fatal road accidents, then deepening it to accidents caused by a motorcyclist, and finally to single-vehicle accidents. A statistical analysis followed, aimed at identifying a statistical correlation between the accidents and the factors leading to them. The results of the first accident analysis indicated that excessive speed, incorrect driving direction, and overtaking maneuvers are the primary causes of fatal accidents, especially on non-urban roads preferred by motorcyclists. Single-vehicle accidents frequently involve collisions with roadside objects, including safety barriers and poles, underscoring the need for targeted infrastructural improvements. The following correlation analysis revealed that a total of seven factors were statistically significant: three human factors (age, gender, experience)—which were the ones with the strongest correlations—one infrastructural factor (pavement width), and three factors belonging to external conditions (accident type, cause, and location). Of these, four were positively correlated to the causer, while three, i.e., pavement width, causes, and road location, were negatively correlated. This study provides a foundation for future research on less severe accidents and proactive risk behavior analysis, aiming to improve motorcyclist safety comprehensively.
Ključne besede: motorcycle safety, fatal accidents, road infrastructure, rider behavior
Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.03.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 12
Celotno besedilo (5,41 MB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
5. TEORETIČNA IZHODIŠČA ZA IZVEDBO ROPOTNIH TRAKOV NA ODSTAVNIH PASOVIH AVTOCESTAleksander Morano, 2014, magistrsko delo Opis: Prometne nesreče, ki nastanejo zaradi nenadnega zapuščanja voznega pasu so pogoste, poškodbe so lahko resne. Zato tovrstne nesreče predstavljajo težavo, ki zahteva pozornost in ukrepanje. Veliko voznikov je za volanom utrujenih, zaspanih ali nepozornih, kar poslabša sposobnost izvajanja vozniških opravil. Posledice preusmeritve pozornosti voznika z vozišča in dogajanja ob njem so lahko usodne. V novejšem času je nepozorna vožnja še bolj v porastu zaradi naraščanja uporabe elektronskih naprav.
Eden izmed ukrepov za opozarjanje utrujenih, dremavih, nezbranih ali nepozornih voznikov na avtocestah je vgradnja ropotnega traku na odstavni pas. Vgradnja ropotnega traku je namenjena voznikom, ki bi lahko nehote zapeljali z vozišča. Zvočno in vibracijsko opozorilo, proizvedeno z vožnjo preko ropotnega traku, občutno izboljša možnost varne vrnitve. V primeru, da se voznik ne uspe vrniti na vozni pas, takšno opozorilo pogosto izboljša reakcijo voznika in tako zmanjša resnost nesreče.
Ker je uporaba rezkanih ropotnih trakov v Republiki Sloveniji skoraj nepoznan prometno varnostni ukrep, smo v magistrski nalogi na praktičnem primeru preverili razloge in možnosti za njihovo vgradnjo na odstavne pasove avtocest.
Ključne besede: Ropotni trak, nepozorna vožnja, avtocesta, odstavni pas
Objavljeno v DKUM: 02.09.2024; Ogledov: 60; Prenosov: 22
Celotno besedilo (11,24 MB) |
6. Problematika varnosti starejših voznikov motornih vozil v prometu : magistrsko deloAnamarija Poll, 2024, magistrsko delo Opis: Zaključno delo predstavlja problematiko z vidika prometne varnosti, s katero se soočajo starejši vozniki motornih vozil. Osnovni namen je prikazati njihovo varnost v prometu skozi analizo prometnih nesreč in s pomočjo eksperimenta, ki smo ga izvedli na fakulteti. Analiza prometnih nesreč prikazuje podrobne informacije o prometnih nesrečah za obdobje 2012–2022, v katerih so bili udeleženi kot povzročitelji, starejši vozniki. Približno 20 % prometnih nesreč v zadnjih letih povzročijo prav oni. Za boljše razumevanje analize prometnih nesreč je bil izveden eksperiment s 30-imi prostovoljci različnih starosti. Vseboval je anketo s testom o cestno prometnih predpisih in vožnjo na simulatorju z očali za sledenje pogleda. Rezultate poizkusa smo primerjali po starostnih skupinah in ugotovili, da z leti znanje o cestno prometnih predpisih pada. Ena izmed pomembnih ugotovitev je, da imajo starejši vozniki kljub manjši vozni hitrosti daljši reakcijski čas v primerjavi z ostalimi vozniki. Na koncu so podani tudi možni predlogi za izboljšanje stanja na področju prometne varnosti starejših voznikov.
Ključne besede: varnost v prometu, starejši vozniki, analiza prometnih nesreč, simulator vožnje, očala za sledenje pogleda
Objavljeno v DKUM: 30.05.2024; Ogledov: 247; Prenosov: 76
Celotno besedilo (5,41 MB) |
7. Elderly pedestrians and road safety: Findings from the Slovenian accident database and measures for improving their safetyStanko Laković, Tomaž Tollazzi, Chiara Gruden, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: elderly pedestrians, road safety, regression model, human abilities, crash data, countermeasures, sustainable transportation
Objavljeno v DKUM: 15.04.2024; Ogledov: 258; Prenosov: 57
Celotno besedilo (3,56 MB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
8. Calibration of the microsimulation traffic model using different neural network applicationsIrena Ištoka Otković, Tomaž Tollazzi, Matjaž Šraml, Damir Varevac, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: urban traffic, microsimulation, calibration, neural networks, rundabouts, validation
Objavljeno v DKUM: 15.04.2024; Ogledov: 239; Prenosov: 16
Celotno besedilo (1,69 MB)
Gradivo ima več datotek! Več... |
9. |
10. Postopek projektiranja večnivojskega vozlišča tipa trobente : magistrsko deloDragana Hrgić, 2022, magistrsko delo Opis: V magistrskem delu je teoretično in praktično opisano izvennivojsko vozlišče oblike trobente in
njegova uporaba glede na parametre gostote prometa, prometne varnosti in ekonomičnosti
gradnje ter analiza prostorske komponente skozi računalniško izdelavo projektne
dokumentacije. Uvodni del naloge skozi osem krakov opisuje temeljna načela projektiranja in
gradnje cestnih vozlišč z opisi vrst projektov cestne infrastrukture. V nadaljevanju teoretičnega
dela naloge so navedeni načini delitve javnih cest, relevantne hitrosti kot osnovni parametri
cestne infrastrukture, opisani so elementi horizontalno in vertikalno vodenih osi ter naštete
dimenzije cestnih profilov ter načini priključka in vozlišč v več ravneh. Posebna pozornost je
namenjena dimenzioniranju in vrstam ramp ter parametrom prometnih pasov izvozov iz
glavne smeri (odcepljanje), vhodov iz ramp v glavno ali stransko cestno smer (priključevanje),
prepletanja z namenom izključitve ali vključitve v želeni cestni smeri in zadosni razdalji v zvezi
z omenjenimi elementi. Praktični del naloge obsega opredelitev projektnih nalog skozi
procesna dejanja uporabe različnih zakonskih in podzakonskih okvirjev pri projektiranju cestnih
vozlišč v obliki »trobente« v procesu izdelave glavnega projekta. Velik del naloge se nanaša na
pripravo projektne dokumentacije za cestno vozlišče Bistra na avtocesti A2 Zagreb–Macelj s
prikazom izbranih in izračunanih številčnih vrednosti parametrov cestnega vozlišča tipa
trobenta. Magistrsko delo se zaključi z grafičnim prikazom konstrukcijske situacije, vzdolžnih
in prečnih profilov ter podrobnimi razdelavami posameznih konstrukcijskih elementov
Ključne besede: izvennivojsko vozlišče, izvozni prometni tok (odcepljanje), uvozni
prometni tok (priključevanje), pas za prepletanje, vstopna rampa, izstopna rampa, pregledna razdalja
Objavljeno v DKUM: 17.11.2022; Ogledov: 650; Prenosov: 88
Celotno besedilo (9,01 MB) |
