Iskanje po katalogu digitalne knjižnice

Opis: Due to the widespread importance of clonality in plants, investigating the mechanisms by which clonality-related traits are associated with community organization is crucial for a functional understanding of vegetation. In this study, the patterns in clonality and other life-history traits in a series of species-rich semi-dry grasslands (alliance Bromion erecti, order Brometalia erecti, class Festuco-Brometea) in the central-European region of Slovenia, all assigned to the same EUNIS (Middle European Bromus erectus semi-dry grasslands, code R1A32) and Natura 2000 habitat type [Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies on calcareous substrates (Festuco-Brometalia), code 6210 (important orchid sites)] were studied. The aims of this research were (i) to assess the diversity of clonal growth organs (CGOs) and other clonal traits in semi-dry grasslands and (ii) determine differences in distribution of clonal growth organs and other clonal traits in three plant communities (associations). Data from 224 vegetation plots (phytosociological relevés) with 247 species and nine plant traits of grassland species were used. This revealed that more than half of the plant species were clonal. Most common clonal growth organs (CGOs) were perennial splitting main root (produced by non-clonal plants), epigeogenous rhizomes and hypogeogenous rhizomes. For each plot, the community weighted mean (CWM) of all plant traits was calculated to determine differences between the three grassland types. Soil moisture and productivity seem to be the key factors associated with differences in clonal growth in the associations studied. Clonal tussock plants with rhizomes, and species with a rich bud bank and a high number of clonal offspring were abundant in grasslands with deep soils and mesic conditions (Onobrychido-Brometum association). Grasslands on stony soils over fissured limestone or dolomite and with more xeric conditions were characterized by rosette clonal plants with hypogeogenous rhizomes (Bromo-Danthonietum calycinae) and/or non-clonal plants with splitting main root (Scabioso hladnikianae-Caricetum humilis). The diversity and characteristics of clonality-related traits indicate that clonal growth is an essential feature of these species-rich grasslands. Importantly, the results of this study indicate that in order to support the characteristic species and functional composition of all types of grassland, management plans for semi-dry grassland habitats in the area studied need to be carried out at a finer scale (e.g. at the level of associations) than the level of EUNIS and Natura 2000 habitat types.
Ključne besede: community assembly, community weighted mean, Festuco Brometea, functional traits, high nature value habitats, species coexistence
Objavljeno v DKUM: 22.09.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 2
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Opis: Due of the potential of species to determine ecosystem properties, it is important to understand how species abundance influences community assembly. Using vegetation surveys on 35 dry grasslands in north-east Slovenia, we defined dominant (8) and subordinate (61) plant species. They were compared on 14 traits to test for differences in community-weighted mean (CWM) and functional diversity (FD). We found that dominants and subordinates differed strongly in their functional traits. Dominants showed higher leaf dry matter content and a more pronounced stress tolerance strategy and were all clonal with a large proportion of species with rhizomes and a rich bud bank, while other species showed a higher specific leaf area, a longer flowering period and more ruderals. For most traits, FD was higher in subordinates. Our results suggest that dominants drive community structure by limited susceptibility to non-competitive processes. Dominants may have positive effects on subordinates by mitigating environmental stressors. Subordinates are able to assemble together by being dissimilar and use different fine-scale niches that are engineered and homogenised by dominants. Our results show that there are fundamental differences in the relative importance of ecological processes between dominant and subordinate plants in species-rich grasslands, which is also important for their conservational management.
Ključne besede: species coexistence, biodiversity, community assembly, species dominance, subordinate species, Festuco-Brometea, plant functional traits, community structure
Objavljeno v DKUM: 26.02.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 13
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Opis: In this work, we investigated the relationship between habitat types (HTs) and selected environmental factors in the highlands at altitudes of 1800–2558 m in the Kamnik-Savinja (KS) Alps in Slovenia. For 275 sampling sites, we identified seven HTs in their typical form and 11 ecotones, and provided field and modelled data for 14 environmental factors. HTs-environment relationships were analysed using multivariate ordination methods. In addition, binomial generalised linear mixed models were applied to reveal the influence of environmental factors on the occurrence of most frequent HTs in the study area [Outer Alpine Pinus mugo scrub (EUNIS code F2.4/Natura 2000 code 4070*), Southern rusty sedge grasslands (E4.413/6170), Cushion sedge carpets (E4.433/6170) and Fine calcareous screes (H2.43/8120)]. Results showed that certain modelled data (e.g. average annual air temperature) combined with field measurements (e.g. inclination, soil surface and soil moisture) can be effective predictors of most representative HTs in the study area, and thus useful for further refining of monitoring. Our study contributes to the knowledge and understanding of the relationships between environmental conditions and the occurrence of highland HTs in KS Alps, which probably concerns a great part of the Alpine highlands. Such knowledge is essential for assessing credible long-term conservation planning.
Ključne besede: Alpine habitat types, multivariate analysis, Pinus mugo, alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands, Natura 2000, Slovenia
Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.12.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 14
Celotno besedilo (2,18 MB)
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Opis: Kmetijsko-okoljski ukrepi so v skupni kmetijski politiki EU uveljavljen model finančnih spodbud za gospodarjenje na načine, ki zmanjšujejo negativne vplive na okolje. V prispevku sta predstavljena osnovna modela kmetijsko-okoljskih ukrepov za ohranjanje biodiverzitete: klasični model ukrepov za izvajanje določene kmetijske rabe in novejši pristop ciljno usmerjenih ukrepov. Povzete so osnovne značilnosti, prednosti in pomanjkljivosti obeh modelov. Poudarek je na pristopu ciljno usmerjenih plačil, saj lahko zaradi njegovih prednosti pričakujemo vedno več shem, ki bodo temeljile na tem konceptu. V prispevku je nadalje prikazan razvoj kazalnikov za varstvo ekstenzivnih travišč s ciljno usmerjenimi ukrepi, ki je zasnovan na izbiri seznama indikatorskih rastlinskih vrst.
Ključne besede: kmetijsko-okoljski ukrepi, ekstenzivna travišča, indikatorske vrste, Natura 2000, monitoring travišč
Objavljeno v DKUM: 24.09.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 15
Povezava na datoteko

Opis: Urbane zelene površine so izpostavljene vzajemnemu vplivu pojava mestnega toplotnega otoka (MTO) in višjim temperaturam zraka zaradi podnebnih sprememb, kar spreminja rastne parametre rastlin, po drugi strani pa lahko delujejo kot blažilec toplotnega stresa zaradi povečanega toka latentne toplote (posledica evapotranspiracije). Da bi ocenili jakost hladilnega učinka zelenih površin v urbanih sistemih (Maribor, Murska Sobota, Ljutomer) smo v devetih zelenih površinah (trije mestni gozdovi in šest mestnih parkov) popisali lesne vrste na 94 popisnih ploskvah. Zbrali smo podatke o številu/gostoti osebkov lesnih vrst, povprečni vrednosti morfološko funkcionalnih potez za vsebnost suhe snovi v listih (CWM_LDMC) in specifično listno površino (CWM_SLA). Izračunali smo intenzivnost hlajenja, obseg hlajenja in stopnjo hlajenja v in izven popisnih ploskev. Mestni gozdovi imajo večji hladilni učinek od mestnih parkov. Sicer pa pravilo večja zelena površina – večji hladilni učinek ne velja povsod. Analiza dejavnikov vpliva hladilnega učinka urbanih zelenih površin je razkrila značilen vpliv: (1) velikosti zelene površine, (2) števila/gostote lesnih vrst in vezanih povprečnih vrednosti morfološko funkcionalnih potez (predvsem CWM_SLA), (3) tipa zelene površine in pokritosti tal neposredne okolice. Dobro umeščene zelene površine lahko razčlenijo sicer homogeno temperaturno polje nad pozidanimi površinami mest, še zlasti ob nastopu vročinskih valov.
Ključne besede: podnebne spremembe, hladilni učinek, lesne vrste, urbani sistemi, lokalne podnebne cone
Objavljeno v DKUM: 03.06.2024; Ogledov: 167; Prenosov: 29
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