Iskanje po katalogu digitalne knjižnice

Opis: Most trees and other woody plants growing within urban areas are deliberately cultivated native or non-native plants. Opportunities for spontaneous establishment and spread of woody species are scarce in an urban environment, especially if the establishment begins from seeds. We hypothesized that urban hedges might offer safe sites for the spontaneous establishment of woody plants, which reach the hedges through propagule dispersal. We recorded the species composition of urban hedges in Maribor (NE Slovenia) in a gradient from the city centre outwards and evaluated the species' invasive potential and ecological requirements, along with hedge characteristics. Results show that hedges facilitated the survival and growth of 69 woody plants from 28 families. Among these, 62% were non-native and 10% were locally invasive. Most of recorded non-native woody plants were ornamentals. Moreover, for native species, we show that the stressful, warmer urban environment mostly facilitates the establishment of species in the genera Hedera and Acer. Comparison of non-native and native plants showed the former are more drought and heat tolerant than the latter. We further show that with distance from the city centre, the number of bird-dispersed species increases, in contrast to the wind-dispersed species. Additionally, our results suggest evergreen hedges may be less permeable to wind-dispersed propagules than deciduous hedges. Next, we stress the importance of paved surfaces and urbanization, selecting for the thermophile, drought tolerant, wind-dispersed woody plants that find refuge in urban hedges. Our results suggest urban hedges can facilitate the establishment of a wide range of woody plant species.
Ključne besede: biodiversity, green infrastructure, ornamental plants, species richness, urban ecosystem, vegetation
Objavljeno v DKUM: 03.12.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 12
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Opis: Asian seed beetles of the genus Megabruchidius have been recorded recently in many European countries. Our contribution serves to formally report the first records of M. dorsalis in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Albania and the first record of M. tonkineus in Montenegro, all found in 2021. Both species develop inside the hard seeds of the ornamental tree Gleditsia triacanthos. Mature G. triacanthos pods were collected from the ground in urban parks of Nikšić and Podgorica (Montenegro) and Tirana (Albania) in July 2021, and Banja Luka (Bosnia and Herzegovina) in August 2021. Fully developed beetles were recorded after two weeks. Megabruchidius dorsalis emerged from the pods collected in all locations, while M. tonkineus was reared only from the pods collected in Podgorica. Because in Podgorica both species were found in the same pods, this also represents confirmation that in some locations these species do co-exist. Overall, M. dorsalis was more widespread and abundant.
Ključne besede: alien species, invasive species, range expansion, Gleditsia triacanthos, Europe
Objavljeno v DKUM: 25.09.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 6
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Opis: Temperate alluvial, riparian and lowland forests are the European forests with the greatest presence of invasive alien plants. Consequently, identifying the environmental conditions for and other drivers behind the establishment of invasive species in natural forest communities is crucial for understanding the invasibility of these habitats. We focused on fragments (patches) of Illyrian oak-hornbeam forest in NE Slovenia, which are the least studied in this regard. Because alien phanerophytes and therophytes are significantly over-represented compared to native plantsin lowland forests, we selected two representative invasives: the phanerophyte Prunus serotina and the therophyte Impatiens parviflora. By using logistic regression models on vegetation surveys, environmental data based on Ellenberg´s indicator values, and patch metrics, we identified patch characteristics explaining the presence of each species. Moreover, we included human impact in the models. We reveal significant characteristics differentiating P. serotina from I. parviflora. We also show that the perimeterarea ratio and soil nutrients of the forest patches correlate significantly with the presence of P. serotina, while human disturbance correlates significantly with the presence of I. parviflora. Our results and a similar approach for other invasive plant species can be applied to assess habitat invasibility on potential and species’ current geographic distribution, as well as to develop management plans.
Ključne besede: biological invasions, forest fragmentation, landscape metrics, habitat characteristics, human presence, anthropogenic factors, neophytes, Slovenia
Objavljeno v DKUM: 12.07.2024; Ogledov: 136; Prenosov: 13
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Opis: The main species composition drivers in temperate deciduous forests are environmental conditions, a stand's age and the site history, e.g., the succession stage and past land use, as well as disturbance regime and current management. We compared plant species diversity and composition in late successional and ancient forests, co-occurring on the same small river island applying species accumulation curves and nonmetric multidimensional scaling, respectively. Given the island's geomorphological characteristics, we expected these to be very similar before human intervention in the past. The forests experienced differing disturbance regimes in the past, while over the last 30 years, human intervention has been the same and reduced to a minimum. The ancient forest in this study had two major characteristics defining it as old, mature forest: continuity of presence for more than 200 years and specific composition. The late successional forest experienced major disturbance in the 20th century and was allowed natural regeneration by bordering on the ancient forest, representing a potential species pool, and by decades of minimum human intervention. Our results showed that, even though there was no difference in species richness, we could still detect differences between the forests, particularly in the abundance and species composition of the understorey, among which geophytes had the most indicative importance. To make our results useful on a broader scale, we composed from the literature a species list of plants indicative for ancient forest and tested its application. These results are important for distinguishing between old and mature secondary stands and particularly for identifying old forest stands, which should be conserved and, in the case of fragmented landscapes, included in a network connecting forest fragments.
Ključne besede: forest community, successional forest, indicator plants, plant diversity, understorey, geophyte, Slovenia
Objavljeno v DKUM: 03.06.2024; Ogledov: 151; Prenosov: 23
Celotno besedilo (1,53 MB)
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Opis: Indijski jagodnjak (Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Teschem.) je trajna zelnata rastlina iz družine rožnic (Rosaceae), ki izvira iz tropskih gozdnih območij južne in vzhodne Azije. Danes je razširjena po vsem svetu, najdemo jo na rahlo zasenčenih in vlažnih mestih, od gozdnih površin do vrtov in dvorišč. Je pogost plevel in v naših krajih velja za tujerodno invazivno vrsto. V sledeči nalogi smo raziskovali rast indijskega jagodnjaka pod vplivom različne količine dostopne svetlobe in hranil v tleh in ovrednotili vpliv znotrajvrstne in medvrstne kompeticije. Rastline rastoče na soncu so imele večjo biomaso, večje število listov in število rametov kot senčne rastline. Te lastnosti indijskega jagodnjaka smo interpretirali kot fitnes rastline. Največji prirast listov, stolonov in rametov, ter največjo svežo in suho maso indijskega jagodnjaka smo zabeležili na soncu z večjo količino hranil v tleh. Opazili smo značilen odziv indijskega jagodnjaka na zmanjšano razpoložljivost svetlobe, in sicer so rastline v senci razvile daljše listne peclje. Indijski jagodnjak v kompeticiji z ekološko podobno avtohtono bršljanasto grenkuljico (Glechoma hederacea L.) ni kazal kompeticijske prednosti. Bršljanasta grenkuljica je bila uspešnejša v alokaciji dostopnih virov v nadzemni in podzemni del rastline. Rezultati so pokazali, da se indijski jagodnjak, kot tujerodna invazivna vrsta, lahko prilagaja spremenjenim okoljskim razmeram z razvojem specifičnih lastnosti, ki omogočajo preživetje, rast in razvoj rastline.
Ključne besede: indijski jagodnjak, tujerodna invazivna vrsta, svetloba, hranila, kompeticija
Objavljeno v DKUM: 20.12.2023; Ogledov: 447; Prenosov: 35
Celotno besedilo (3,06 MB)