1. Non-equilibrium plasma methods for tailoring surface properties of polyvinylidene fluoride : review and challengesAlenka Vesel, Rok Zaplotnik, Gregor Primc, Miran Mozetič, Tadeja Katan, Rupert Kargl, Tamilselvan Mohan, Karin Stana-Kleinschek, 2021, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Modification and functionalization of polymer surface properties is desired in numerous
applications, and a standard technique is a treatment with non-equilibrium gaseous plasma. Fluorinated polymers exhibit specific properties and are regarded as difficult to functionalize with polar
functional groups. Plasma methods for functionalization of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are
reviewed and different mechanisms involved in the surface modification are presented and explained
by the interaction of various reactive species and far ultraviolet radiation. Most authors used argon
plasma but reported various results. The discrepancy between the reported results is explained
by peculiarities of the experimental systems and illustrated by three mechanisms. More versatile
reaction mechanisms were reported by authors who used oxygen plasma for surface modification
of PVDF, while plasma sustained in other gases was rarely used. The results reported by various
authors are analyzed, and correlations are drawn where feasible. The processing parameters reported
by different authors were the gas pressure and purity, the discharge configuration and power, while
the surface finish was predominantly determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and
static water contact angle (WCA). A reasonably good correlation was found between the surface
wettability as probed by WCA and the oxygen concentration as probed by XPS, but there is hardly
any correlation between the discharge parameters and the wettability. Ključne besede: polyvinylidene fluoride, gaseous plasma, surface modification, wettability, functionalization, activation plazma Objavljeno v DKUM: 16.06.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 0
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2. Loss of oxygen atoms on well-oxidized cobalt by heterogeneous surface recombinationDomen Paul, Miran Mozetič, Rok Zaplotnik, Jernej Ekar, Alenka Vesel, Gregor Primc, Denis Đonlagić, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Calorimetry is a commonly used method in plasma characterization, but the accuracy of the method is tied to the accuracy of the recombination coefficient, which in turn depends on a number of surface effects. Surface effects also govern the kinetics in advanced methods such as atomic layer oxidation of inorganic materials and functionalization of organic materials. The flux of the reactive oxygen atoms for the controlled oxidation of such materials depends on the recombination coefficient of materials placed into the reaction chamber, which in turn depends on the surface morphology, temperature, and pressure in the processing chamber. The recombination coefficient of a well-oxidized cobalt surface was studied systematically in a range of temperatures from 300 to 800 K and pressures from 40 to 200 Pa. The coefficient increased monotonously with decreasing pressure and increasing temperature. The lowest value was about 0.05, and the highest was about 0.30. These values were measured for cobalt foils previously oxidized with oxygen plasma at the temperature of 1300 K. The oxidation caused a rich morphology with an average roughness as deduced from atomic force images of 0.9 µm. The results were compared with literature data, and the discrepancy between results reported by different authors was explained by taking into account the peculiarities of their experimental conditions. Ključne besede: heterogeneous surface recombination, recombination coefficient, cobalt, cobalt oxide, temperature dependence, pressure dependence, plasma, oxygen Objavljeno v DKUM: 26.03.2024; Ogledov: 228; Prenosov: 18
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3. Recombination of oxygen atoms on the surface of oxidized polycrystalline nickel : temperature and pressure dependencesDomen Paul, Miran Mozetič, Rok Zaplotnik, Jernej Ekar, Alenka Vesel, Gregor Primc, Denis Đonlagić, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The recombination of neutral oxygen atoms in the ground state on the oxidized nickel samples was studied experimentally in the range of pressures where the maximum density occurs in weakly ionized low-pressure oxygen plasma, i.e. between 40 and 200 Pa. The recombination coefficient was determined in the flowing afterglow. The source of oxygen atoms was plasma sustained in a quartz tube of inner diameter 4.7 mm by a microwave discharge in the surfatron mode. The recombination coefficient was determined in the afterglow chamber, which was a Pyrex tube with an inner diameter of 36 mm. The density of oxygen atoms in the afterglow chamber was varied by adjusting the discharge power, the gas flow, the pressure, and the position of a recombinator. Such flexibility of the experimental system enabled adjustment of the temperature of the oxidized nickel samples independently from the O-atom density in its vicinity or other parameters. The density of oxygen atoms in the afterglow chamber at various system parameters was determined by the Šorli method, which is reliable, and has an accuracy of about 20%. The recombination coefficient was determined by calorimetry. The coefficient was inversely proportional to the square root of the pressure and exponentially to the sample temperature. Systematic measurements performed at various pressures and temperatures enabled empirical formula, which were explained qualitatively by recombination kinetics.
Ključne besede: heterogenous surface recombination, recombination coefficient, nickel, nickel oxide, temperature Objavljeno v DKUM: 25.03.2024; Ogledov: 243; Prenosov: 22
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4. A review of recombination coefficients of neutral oxygen atoms for various materialsDomen Paul, Miran Mozetič, Rok Zaplotnik, Gregor Primc, Denis Đonlagić, Alenka Vesel, 2023, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Relevant data on heterogeneous surface recombination of neutral oxygen atoms available in the scientific literature are reviewed and discussed for various materials. The coefficients are determined by placing the samples either in non-equilibrium oxygen plasma or its afterglow. The experimental methods used to determine the coefficients are examined and categorized into calorimetry, actinometry, NO titration, laser-induced fluorescence, and various other methods and their combinations. Some numerical models for recombination coefficient determination are also examined. Correlations are drawn between the experimental parameters and the reported coefficients. Different materials are examined and categorized according to reported recombination coefficients into catalytic, semi-catalytic, and inert materials. Measurements from the literature of the recombination coefficients for some materials are compiled and compared, along with the possible system pressure and material surface temperature dependence of the materials’ recombination coefficient. A large scattering of results reported by different authors is discussed, and possible explanations are provided. Ključne besede: heterogeneous surface recombination, recombination coefficient, surface catalicity, catalytic efficiency, atom loss coefficient, oxygen, neutral atoms, plasma Objavljeno v DKUM: 21.03.2024; Ogledov: 300; Prenosov: 25
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5. Sol-gel/Ag coating and oxygen plasma treatment effect on synthetic wound fluid sorption by non-woven cellulose materialZdenka Peršin Fratnik, Tanja Pivec, Miran Mozetič, Karin Stana-Kleinschek, 2017, drugi znanstveni članki Opis: Non-woven cellulose material was functionalized using two techniques, i.e. the coating with AgCl via sol-gel and oxygen plasma. The treatment effects were studied regarding the wound fluid adsorption potential using physiological saline, synthetic exudate and synthetic blood. Plasma treatment was most efficient since a significant improvement by absorbency rate and capacity was evident, less pronounced in case of synthetic blood. The combination of both treatments showed a similar trend, while the effects were less prominent, but still sufficient by managing fluid-associated as well as infected wounds. Ključne besede: non-woven cellulose fabric, sol-gel, oxygen plasma, absorption, synthetic wound fluids Objavljeno v DKUM: 31.08.2017; Ogledov: 1494; Prenosov: 418
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6. Protein adsorption on various plasma-treated polyethylene-terephthalate substratesNina Recek, Morana Jaganjac, Metod Kolar, Lidija Milković, Miran Mozetič, Karin Stana-Kleinschek, Alenka Vesel, 2013, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Protein adhesion and cell response to plasma-treated polymer surfaces were studied. The polymer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was treated in either an oxygen plasma to make the surface hydrophilic, or a tetrafluoromethane CF4 plasma to make the surface hydrophobic. The plasma source was radiofrequency (RF) discharge. The adsorption of albumin and other proteins from a cell-culture medium onto these surfaces was studied using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The cellular response to plasma-treated surfaces was studied as well using an MTT assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The fastest adsorption rate was found on the hydrophilic oxygen plasma-treated sample, and the lowest was found on the pristine untreated sample. Additionally, the amount of adsorbed proteins was higher for the oxygen-plasma-treated surface, and the adsorbed layer was more viscoelastic. In addition, cell adhesion studies support this finding because the best cell adhesion was observed on oxygen-plasma-treated substrates. Ključne besede: oxygen and fluorine plasma treatment, polymer surface modification, protein adsorption, cell adhesion, quartz crystal microbalance, QCM Objavljeno v DKUM: 22.06.2017; Ogledov: 1312; Prenosov: 458
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7. Covalent binding of heparin to functionalized PET materials for improved haemocompatibilityMetod Kolar, Miran Mozetič, Karin Stana-Kleinschek, Mirjam Fröhlich, Boris Turk, Alenka Vesel, 2015, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The hemocompatibility of vascular grafts made from poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is insufficient due to the rapid adhesion and activation of blood platelets that occur upon incubation with whole blood. PET polymer was treated with NHx radicals created by passing ammonia through gaseous plasma formed by a microwave discharge, which allowed for functionalization with amino groups. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization using derivatization with 4-chlorobenzaldehyde indicated that approximately 4% of the –NH2 groups were associated with the PET surface after treatment with the gaseous radicals. The functionalized polymers were coated with an ultra-thin layer of heparin and incubated with fresh blood. The free-hemoglobin technique, which is based on the haemolysis of erythrocytes, indicated improved hemocompatibility, which was confirmed by imaging the samples using confocal optical microscopy. A significant decrease in number of adhered platelets was observed on such samples. Proliferation of both human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human microvascular endothelial cells was enhanced on treated polymers, especially after a few hours of cell seeding. Thus, the technique represents a promising substitute for wet-chemical modification of PET materials prior to coating with heparin. Ključne besede: poly(ethylene terephthalate), vascular graft, biocompatibility, heparin, plasma, functionalization, haemolysis, platelet adhesion, endothelization Objavljeno v DKUM: 21.06.2017; Ogledov: 1344; Prenosov: 362
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8. Polymer characterization with the atomic force microscopeUroš Maver, Tina Maver, Zdenka Peršin Fratnik, Miran Mozetič, Alenka Vesel, Miran Gaberšček, Karin Stana-Kleinschek, 2013, samostojni znanstveni sestavek ali poglavje v monografski publikaciji Ključne besede: atomic force microscope, polymer characterization, polymer molecules Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.07.2015; Ogledov: 1645; Prenosov: 97
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9. Razvoj naprednih procesov za doseganje visoko učinkovitih nano modificiranih tekstilnih materialov : zaključno poročilo ARRS projekta: L2-4101Karin Stana-Kleinschek, Darinka Fakin, Alenka Ojstršek, Manja Kurečič, Silvo Hribernik, Rupert Kargl, Majda Sfiligoj-Smole, Lidija Fras Zemljič, Zdenka Peršin Fratnik, Tanja Kos, Miran Mozetič, Alenka Vesel, Vladimir Vrečko, Denis Jahič, Nika Veronovski, 2015, končno poročilo o rezultatih raziskav Ključne besede: tekstilni materiali, nanotehnologija, modifikacija vlaken Objavljeno v DKUM: 15.06.2015; Ogledov: 2485; Prenosov: 95
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