1. Nanodelci hitozana kot potencialni protimikrobni premazZdenka Peršin Fratnik, Uroš Maver, Metod Kolar, Olivera Šauperl, Lidija Fras Zemljič, Boštjan Vihar, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Namen študije je bil ugotoviti protimikrobno učinkovitost hitozanskih nanodelcev v primerjavi s hitozansko raztopino in sled temu njihovo učinkovito rabo na medicinskih tekstilnih materialih.
Ključne besede: chitosan, nanoparticles, antimicrobial activity, coatings, medical textile materials
Objavljeno v DKUM: 07.01.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 4
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2. A method for the immobilization of chitosan onto urinary cathetersAlenka Vesel, Nina Recek, Rok Zaplotnik, Albert Kurinčič, Katja Kuzmič, Lidija Fras Zemljič, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: A method for the immobilization of an antibacterial chitosan coating to polymeric urinary medical catheters is presented. The method comprises a two-step plasma-treatment procedure, followed by the deposition of chitosan from the water solution. In the first plasma step, the urinary catheter is treated with vacuum-ultraviolet radiation to break bonds in the polymer surface film and create dangling bonds, which are occupied by hydrogen atoms. In the second plasma step, polymeric catheters are treated with atomic oxygen to form oxygen-containing surface functional groups acting as binding sites for chitosan. The presence of oxygen functional groups also causes a transformation of the hydrophobic polymer surface to hydrophilic, thus enabling uniform wetting and improved adsorption of the chitosan coating. The wettability was measured by the sessile-drop method, while the surface composition and structure were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Non-treated samples did not exhibit successful chitosan immobilization. The effect of plasma treatment on immobilization was explained by noncovalent interactions such as electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds.
Ključne besede: polymer, chitosan immobilization, adhesion, plasma-surface modification, biopolymers
Objavljeno v DKUM: 05.12.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 2
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3. Fakulteta za strojništvo : Raziskovalni vodnik2024 Opis: Publikacija predstavlja pregled raziskovalne dejavnosti in raziskovalnih dosežkov na Fakulteti za strojništvo. Predstavljena so raziskovalna področja: Energetsko, procesno in okoljsko inženirstvo, konstruiranje in oblikovanje, tehnologija materialov, mehanika, Proizvodno strojništvo, tekstilni materiali in oblikovanje ter Temeljno in splošno področje. Posamezni laboratoriji in centri Fakultete za strojništvo predstavljajo svojo raziskovalno opremo, ponudbo storitev za gospodarstvo, sodelovanja s podjetji in drugimi ustanovami, najodmevnejšime publikacije, patente, nacionalne in mednarodne projekte in najpomembnejše raziskovalne dosežke.
Ključne besede: energetsko, procesno in okoljsko inženirstvo, konstruiranje in oblikovanje, tehnologija materialov, mehanika, proizvodno strojništvo, tekstilni materiali in oblikovanje
Objavljeno v DKUM: 22.11.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 12
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4. Aktivacija adsorpcije hitozana na celulozo s plazmoLucija Flucher, 2024, diplomsko delo Opis: Naraščajoča skrb za zdravje in spremembe v življenjskem standardu so povečale zanimanje za razvoj protimikrobnih tekstilij, ki preprečujejo rast mikroorganizmov in delujejo preventivno proti okužbam, kot so okužbe kože in sluznic. Hitozan, naravni biopolimer, pridobljen iz hitina, se je izkazal za učinkovito protimikrobno sredstvo, saj preprečuje rast bakterij in gliv z vezavo na njihove celične stene ter zaviranjem njihovega metabolizma.
Diplomsko delo obravnava vpliv plazemske obdelave celuloznih vlaken na njihovo sposobnost adsorpcije hitozana. V raziskavi smo del celuloznih vlaken obdelali s plazmo, medtem ko smo preostali del pustili neobdelan. Obe vrsti vzorcev smo nato analizirali, da bi ocenili morebitno povečanje reaktivnosti in sposobnosti vezave hitozana kot posledico plazemske obdelave v primerjavi z neobdelanimi vlakni. Cilj raziskave je bil ugotoviti, ali plazemska obdelava vpliva na izboljšanje adsorpcijskih lastnosti celuloznih vlaken.
Za oceno učinkovitosti postopka smo uporablili naslednje metode: potenciometrična titracija za določanje vezave hitozana, UV-Vis analiza za merjenje koncentracije preostalega hitozana, merjenje togosti ploskih tekstilij za oceno uporabnih lastnosti obdelanih vlaken ter merjenje protimikrobnosti.
Rezultati so pokazali, da plazemska obdelava bistveno izboljša adsorpcijo hitozana na celulozo. Plazemska obdelava se je izkazala kot obetavna metoda za funkcionalizacijo tekstilij, ki omogoča ustvarjanje okolju prijaznih in učinkovitih zaščitnih materialov. Diplomska naloga s svojimi ugotovitvami prispeva k napredku na področju razvoja tekstilij z dodano vrednostjo in odpira nove možnosti za raziskave v tej smeri.
Ključne besede: hitozan, plazma, bombaž, protimikrobnost, desorpcija
Objavljeno v DKUM: 04.10.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 13
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5. Razvoj kompozitnih nanovlaken na osnovi keratina, pridobljenega s hidrotermičnim postopkom : magistrsko deloMiša Žnidarič, 2024, magistrsko delo Opis: Keratin, prisoten v živalskih tkivih, kot sta perje in volna, predstavlja velik delež odpadkov iz tekstilne, kmetijske in mesno-predelovalne industrije. Zaradi težnje po zmanjšanju negativnih vplivov na okolje je nujna učinkovita pretvorba teh odpadkov v produkte z dodano vrednostjo. Metode ekstrakcije keratina iz različnih virov se razlikujejo predvsem po kvaliteti dobljenega ekstrakcijskega produkta in po njihovem okoljskem vplivu, pri čemer je glavni izziv uporabiti okolju prijazne metode za ekstrakcijo, ki dajejo keratin, primeren za specifično uporabo. Magistrska naloga se osredotoča na razvoj stabilnih nanovlaken iz keratina, pridobljenega iz odpadnega perja in volne s hidrotermičnim postopkom z uporabo subkritične vode. V ta namen so bile iz liofiliziranih ekstrakcijskih produktov pripravljene predilne raztopine. Zaradi mejnih vrednosti povprečja molskih mas v ekstrakcijskih produktih, smo keratin kombinirali s polietilen oksidom (PEO) v razmerjih 50/50 in 70/30. Za izdelavo nanovlaken je bila uporabljena tehnika brezigelnega elektropredenja, pri čemer smo optimizirali pogoje predenja. Z namenom izboljšanja stabilnosti izpredenih nanovlaken smo uporabili dva postopka zamreženja, in sicer z etilen glikol diglicidil etrom (EGDE) in z pentaeritritol triakrilatom (PETA). Predilnim raztopinam so bile pred predenjem analizirane naslednje lastnosti: prevodnost, viskoznost, pH, površinska napetost, velikost delcev, zeta potencial in koncentracija proteina. Kemično strukturo liofiliziranega keratina in izdelanih nanovlaken smo spremljali z infrardečo spektroskopijo (ATR-FTIR). Vrstična elektronska mikroskopija (SEM) je bila uporabljena za analizo uspešnosti oblikovanja nanovlaken, merjenje kontaktnih kotov pa za analizo hidrofilnosti nanovlaken. Za določanje antioksidativnosti raztopin keratin/PEO in nanovlaken je bila uporabljena metoda ABTS. Izkoristek ekstrakcije keratina iz odpadnega perja in volne je znašal 87,46 % ter 88,33 %. S tehniko SDS-PAGE je bila določena največja koncentracija molskih mas v suspenziji keratina iz perja in iz volne v območju med 4,6 in 9 kDa. Rezultati so pokazali, da je iz liofiliziranih produktov mogoče izdelati nanovlakna, ki vsebujejo relativno velike deleže (tudi do 70 %) keratina v mešanicah s PEO. Nanovlaknom iz mešanic keratin/PEO smo po zamreženju s PETA in z EGDE uspeli identificirati tipične keratinske vrhove s ATR-FTIR, kar jih naredi ključne za uporabo v biomedicinskih aplikacijah. Stopnja antioksidativnosti izdelanih nanovlaken je bila visoka (86,9 % inhibicija) in postopki zamreženja nanjo niso imeli pomembnega vpliva. Z uporabo zamreževalca PETA smo dosegli večje kontaktne kote (med 101,42˚ in 110,16˚) v primerjavi z uporabo zamreževalca EGDE (med 85,26˚ in 94,71˚), s čimer sklepamo, da so nanovlakna, zamrežena s PETA ob obsevanju z UV-svetlobo 40 min, stabilnejša ob stiku z vodo.
Ključne besede: keratin, subkritična voda, elektropredenje, nanovlakna, zamreženje, EGDE, PETA
Objavljeno v DKUM: 18.09.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 0
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6. Decomposition and fragmentation of conventional and biobased plastic wastes in simulated and real aquatic systemsOlivija Plohl, Lidija Fras Zemljič, Alen Erjavec, Noemi Sep, Maja Čolnik, Yee Van Fan, Mojca Škerget, Annamaria Vujanović, Lidija Čuček, Julija Volmajer Valh, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Plastics play a crucial role in our daily lives. The challenge, however, is that they become waste and contribute to a global environmental problem, increasing concerns about pollution and the urgent need to protect the environment. The accumulation and fragmentation of plastic waste, especially micro- and nanoplastics in aquatic systems, poses a significant threat to ecosystems and human health. In this study, the decomposition and fragmentation processes of conventional and biobased plastic waste in simulated water bodies (waters with different pH values) and in real water systems (tap water and seawater) are investigated over a period of one and six months. Three types of plastic were examined: thermoplastic polyethylene terephthalate and thermoset melamine etherified resin in the form of nonwovens and biobased polylactic acid (PLA) in the form of foils. Such a comprehensive study involving these three types of plastics and the methodology for tracking degradation in water bodies has not been conducted before, which underlines the novelty of the present work. After aging of the plastics, both the solid fraction and the leachate in the liquid phase were carefully examined. The parameters studied include mass loss, structural changes and alterations in functional groups observed in the aged plastics. Post-exposure assessment of the fragmented pieces includes quantification of the microplastic, microscopic observations and confirmation of composition by in situ Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The leachate analysis includes pH, conductivity, turbidity, total carbon and microplastic size distribution. The results highlight the importance of plastic waste morphology and the minor degradation of biobased PLA and show that microfibers contribute to increased fragmentation in all aquatic systems and leave a significant ecological footprint. This study underlines the crucial importance of post-consumer plastic waste management and provides valuable insights into strategies for environmental protection. It also addresses the pressing issue of plastic pollution and provides evidence-based measures to mitigate its environmental impact.
Ključne besede: polylactic acid, polyethylene terephthalate fabric, melamine etherifed resin fabric, aquatic environment, fragmentation, waste disposal
Objavljeno v DKUM: 09.09.2024; Ogledov: 73; Prenosov: 20
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7. Eco friendly functional finishes of polyester fabric using keratin from wool and feather wastesLidija Fras Zemljič, Maja Čolnik, Darinka Fakin, Tanja Pušić, Vanessa Wendy Bračko, Tjaša Kraševac Glaser, Mojca Škerget, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: This research showcases the use of hydrothermally extracted solutions from poultry feathers and wool as ecofriendly and versatile textile finishes. These solutions, derived from waste biomass containing the keratin
biopolymer, were obtained through environmentally conscious hydrothermal degradation processes. Initially,
the study focused on analysing the chemical parameters and properties of both dialysed and non-dialysed solutions extracted from feathers and wool. The investigation tracked primarily the presence of keratin within these
solutions. Upon application to polyester textiles as the reference material, the presence of these solutions on the
fabric surface was confirmed successfully. A thorough physicochemical analysis of the treated textiles involved
various analytical techniques. These encompassed surface composition analysis via X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), assessment of wettability through Contact Angle measurements, determination of surface charge using surface zeta
potential, and examination of the thermal and flame-retardant properties via Differential Scanning Calorimetry
(DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and calorimetric tests. In addition, the colour, UV radiation transmission and antioxidant activity were evaluated using standard tests.
The remarkable effects of the treatment have been observed in the exceptional antioxidative action, fire
resistance, UV protection and enhanced hydrophilicity of these innovative multifunctional textiles. This
approach holds significant implications across research, economics and society, enriching Material Science by
deepening the understanding of materials and their multifaceted properties. Moreover, it promotes resource
efficiency, opens new sustainable textile market prospects, and contributes to social impact by supporting
environmental sustainability, engaging communities and ensuring health and safety benefits.
Ključne besede: poultry feathers and wool, hydrothermal extraction, polyester, finishing, green, multifunctionality
Objavljeno v DKUM: 03.09.2024; Ogledov: 43; Prenosov: 16
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8. Novel magnetic iron oxide-dextran sulphate nanocomposites as potential anticoagulants: Investigating interactions with blood components and assessing cytotoxicityOlivija Plohl, Lidija Fras Zemljič, Boštjan Vihar, Alenka Vesel, Sašo Gyergyek, Uroš Maver, Irena Ban, Matej Bračič, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Examining the critical role of anticoagulants in medical practice, particularly their central function in preventing abnormal blood clotting, is of the utmost importance. However, the study of interactions between blood proteins and alternative anticoagulant nano-surfaces is still understood poorly. In this study, novel approach involving direct functionalisation of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) as carriers with sulphated dextran (s-dext) is presented, with the aim of evaluating the potential of magnetically-responsive MNPs@s-dext as anticoagulants. The physicochemical characterisation of the synthesised MNPs@s-dext includes crystal structure analysis, morphology study, surface and electrokinetic properties, thermogravimetric analysis and magnetic properties` evaluation, which confirms the successful preparation of the nanocomposite with sulfonate groups. The anticoagulant potential of MNPs@s-dext was investigated using a standardised activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) test and a modified APTT test with a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) which confirmed the anticoagulant effect. Time-resolved solid-liquid interactions between the MNPs@s-dext and model blood proteins bovine serum albumin and fibrinogen were also investigated, to gain insight into their hemocompatibility, and revealed protein-repellence of MNPs@s-dext against blood proteins. The study also addressed comprehensive cytotoxicity studies of prepared nanocomposites, and provided valuable insights into potential applicability of MNPs@s-dext as a promising magnetic anticoagulant in biomedical contexts.
Ključne besede: dextran sulphate, magnetic nanoparticles, blood protein interactions, clot formation, anticoagulants, cytotoxicity studies
Objavljeno v DKUM: 25.07.2024; Ogledov: 107; Prenosov: 16
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9. Exploring chitosan-plant extract bilayer coatings: Advancements in active food packaging via polypropylene modificationSaša Kaloper, Olivija Plohl, Sonja Smole Možina, Alenka Vesel, Vida Šimat, Lidija Fras Zemljič, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: UV-ozone activated polypropylene (PP) food films were subjected to a novel bilayer coating process involving primary or quaternary chitosan (CH/QCH) as the first layer and natural extracts from juniper needles (Juniperus oxycedrus; JUN) or blackberry leaves (Rubus fruticosus; BBL) as the second layer. This innovative approach aims to redefine active packaging (AP) development. Through a detailed analysis by surface characterization and bioactivity assessments (i.e., antioxidant and antimicrobial functionalities), we evaluated different coating combinations. Furthermore, we investigated the stability and barrier characteristics inherent in these coatings. The confirmed deposition, coupled with a comprehensive characterization of their composition and morphology, underscored the efficacy of the coatings. Our investigation included wettability assessment via contact angle (CA) measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), which revealed substantial enhancements in surface concentrations of elements and functional groups of CH, QCH, JUN, and BBL. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) unveiled the coatings' heterogeneity, while time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and CA profiling showed moderately compact bilayers on PP, providing active species on the hydrophilic surface, respectively. The coatings significantly reduced the oxygen permeability. Additionally, single-layer depositions of CH and QCH remained below the overall migration limit (OML). Remarkably, the coatings exhibited robust antioxidative properties due to plant extracts and exceptional antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, attributed to QCH. These findings underscore the pivotal role of film surface properties in governing bioactive characteristics and offer a promising pathway for enhancing food packaging functionality.
Ključne besede: chitosan, plant extracts, polypropylene, active packaging, surface characterization, bioactivity
Objavljeno v DKUM: 27.05.2024; Ogledov: 241; Prenosov: 18
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