1. Diverse strategic identities induce dynamical states in evolutionary gamesIrene Sendiña-Nadal, Inmaculada Leyva, Matjaž Perc, David Papo, Marko Jusup, Zhen Wang, Juan A. Almendral, Pouya Manshour, Stefano Boccaletti, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Evolutionary games provide the theoretical backbone for many aspects of our social life: from cooperation to crime, from climate inaction to imperfect vaccination and epidemic spreading, from antibiotics overuse to biodiversity preservation. An important, and so far overlooked, aspect of reality is the diverse strategic identities of individuals. While applying the same strategy to all interaction partners may be an acceptable assumption for simpler forms of life, this fails to account for the behavior of more complex living beings. For instance, we humans act differently around different people. Here we show that allowing individuals to adopt different strategies with different partners yields a very rich evolutionary dynamics, including time-dependent coexistence of cooperation and defection, systemwide shifts in the dominant strategy, and maturation in individual choices. Our results are robust to variations in network type and size, and strategy updating rules. Accounting for diverse strategic identities thus has far-reaching implications in the mathematical modeling of social games.
Ključne besede: cooperation, evolutionary game theory, social physics, collective dynamics, complex system
Objavljeno v DKUM: 20.11.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 3
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2. Photonic bandgap in achiral liquid crystals - a twist on a twistDamian Pociecha, Nataša Vaupotič, Magdalena Majewska, Ewan Cruickshank, Rebecca Walker, John M. D. Storey, Corrie T. Imrie, Cheng Wang, Ewa Górecka, 2021, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Achiral mesogenic molecules are shown to be able to spontaneously assemble into liquid crystalline smectic phases having either simple or double-helical structures. At the transition between these phases, the double-helical structure unwinds. As a consequence, in some temperature range, the pitch of the helix becomes comparable to the wavelength of visible light and the selective reflection of light in the visible range is observed. The photonic bandgap phenomenon is reported for achiral liquid crystals.
Ključne besede: chirality, helical structures, liquid crystals, photonic bandgap, twist–bend phases
Objavljeno v DKUM: 10.10.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 1
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3. Evolutionary games on multilayer networks : a colloquiumZhen Wang, Lin Wang, Attila Szolnoki, Matjaž Perc, 2015, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Networks form the backbone of many complex systems, ranging from the Internet to human societies. Accordingly, not only is the range of our interactions limited and thus best described and modeled by networks, it is also a fact that the networks that are an integral part of such models are often interdependent or even interconnected. Networks of networks or multilayer networks are therefore a more apt description of social systems. This colloquium is devoted to evolutionary games on multilayer networks, and in particular to the evolution of cooperation as one of the main pillars of modern human societies. We first give an overview of the most significant conceptual differences between single-layer and multilayer networks, and we provide basic definitions and a classification of the most commonly used terms. Subsequently, we review fascinating and counterintuitive evolutionary outcomes that emerge due to different types of interdependencies between otherwise independent populations. The focus is on coupling through the utilities of players, through the flow of information, as well as through the popularity of different strategies on different network layers. The colloquium highlights the importance of pattern formation and collective behavior for the promotion of cooperation under adverse conditions, as well as the synergies between network science and evolutionary game theory.
Ključne besede: kooperacija, sociološke mreže, evolucijske igre, kolektivni pojav, samo-organizacija, fazni prehodi, recipročnost, fizika socioloških sistemov, cooperation, social networks, evolutionary games, collective phenomena, self-organization, phase transitions, reciprocity, physics of social systems
Objavljeno v DKUM: 17.09.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 1
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4. Social physicsMarko Jusup, Petter Holme, Kiyoshi Kanazawa, Misako Takayasu, Ivan Romić, Zhen Wang, Sunčana Geček, Tomislav Lipić, Boris Podobnik, Lin Wang, Wei Luo, Tin Klanjšček, Jingfang Fan, Stefano Boccaletti, Matjaž Perc, 2022, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Recent decades have seen a rise in the use of physics methods to study different societal phenomena. This development has been due to physicists venturing outside of their traditional domains of interest, but also due to scientists from other disciplines taking from physics the methods that have proven so successful throughout the 19th and the 20th century. Here we characterise the field with the term ‘social physics’ and pay our respect to intellectual mavericks who nurtured it to maturity. We do so by reviewing the current state of the art. Starting with a set of topics that are at the heart of modern human societies, we review research dedicated to urban development and traffic, the functioning of financial markets, cooperation as the basis for our evolutionary success, the structure of social networks, and the integration of intelligent machines into these networks. We then shift our attention to a set of topics that explore potential threats to society. These include criminal behaviour, large-scale migration, epidemics, environmental challenges, and climate change. We end the coverage of each topic with promising directions for future research. Based on this, we conclude that the future for social physics is bright. Physicists studying societal phenomena are no longer a curiosity, but rather a force to be reckoned with. Notwithstanding, it remains of the utmost importance that we continue to foster constructive dialogue and mutual respect at the interfaces of different scientific disciplines.
Ključne besede: multidisciplinarity, thermodynamics, statistical physics, human behaviour, sustainability, social physics
Objavljeno v DKUM: 17.09.2024; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 0 |
5. Precision magnetometry exploiting excited state quantum phase transitionsQian Wang, Ugo Marzolino, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Critical behaviour in phase transitions is a resource for enhanced precision metrology. The reason is that the function, known as Fisher information, is superextensive at critical points, and, at the same time, quantifies performances of metrological protocols. Therefore, preparing metrological probes at phase transitions provides enhanced precision in measuring the transition control parameter. We focus on the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model that exhibits excited state quantum phase transitions at different magnetic fields. Resting on the model spectral properties, we show broad peaks of the Fisher information, and propose efficient schemes for precision magnetometry. The Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model was first introduced for superconductivity and for nuclear systems, and recently realised in several condensed matter platforms. The above metrological schemes can be also exploited to measure microscopic properties of systems able to simulate the LipkinMeshkov-Glick model.
Ključne besede: magnetometry, quantum phase transitions, precision, measurements
Objavljeno v DKUM: 22.08.2024; Ogledov: 62; Prenosov: 10
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6. Segregation dynamics driven by network leadersWen-Xuan Wang, Yuhao Feng, Siru Chen, Wenzhe Xu, Xinjian Zhuo, Huijia Li, Matjaž Perc, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Network segregation - a critical problem in real-life networks - can reveal the emergence of conflicts or signal an impending collapse of the whole system. However, the strong heterogeneity of such networks and the various definitions for key nodes continue to pose challenges that limit our ability to foresee segregation and to determine the main drivers behind it. In this paper, we show that a multi-agent leader-follower consensus system can be utilized to define a new index, named leadership, to identify key leaders in real-life networks. And then, this paper explores the emergence of network segregation that is driven by these leaders based on the removal or the rewiring of the relations between different nodes in agreement with their contribution distance. We finally show that the observed leaders-driven segregation dynamics reveals the dynamics of heterogeneous attributes that critically influence network structure and its segregation. Thus, this paper provides a theoretical method to study complex social interactions and their roles in network segregation, which ultimately leads to a closed-form explanation for the emergence of imbalanced network structure from an evolutionary perspective.
Ključne besede: complex networks, network segregation, multi-agent leader–follower consensus system, key leaders identification, leader, segregation, social physics
Objavljeno v DKUM: 08.07.2024; Ogledov: 122; Prenosov: 9
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7. Reputation and reciprocity : reviewChengyi Xia, Juan Wang, Matjaž Perc, Zhen Wang, 2023, pregledni znanstveni članek Opis: Reputation and reciprocity are key mechanisms for cooperation in human societies, often going hand in hand to favor prosocial behavior over selfish actions. Here we review recent researches at the interface of physics and evolutionary game theory that explored these two mechanisms. We focus on image scoring as the bearer of reputation, as well as on various types of reciprocity, including direct, indirect, and network reciprocity. We review different definitions of reputation and reciprocity dynamics, and we show how these affect the evolution of cooperation in social dilemmas. We consider first-order, second-order, as well as higherorder models in well-mixed and structured populations, and we review experimental works that support and inform the results of mathematical modeling and simulations. We also provide a synthesis of the reviewed researches along with an outlook in terms of six directions that seem particularly promising to explore in the future.
Ključne besede: pattern formation, Monte Carlo method, complex network, evolutionary game theory, cooperation, social physics
Objavljeno v DKUM: 20.06.2024; Ogledov: 154; Prenosov: 14
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8. Complex evolutionary interactions in multiple populationsKaipeng Hu, Pengyue Wang, Junzhou He, Matjaž Perc, Lei Shi, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: In competitive settings that entail several populations, individuals often engage in intra- and interpopulation interactions that determine their fitness and evolutionary success. With this simple motivation, we here study a multipopulation model where individuals engage in group interactions within their own population and in pairwise interactions with individuals from different populations. We use the evolutionary public goods game and the prisoner’s dilemma game to describe these group and pairwise interactions, respectively. We also take into account asymmetry in the extent to which group and pairwise interactions determine the fitness of individuals. We find that interactions across multiple populations reveal new mechanisms through which the evolution of cooperation can be promoted, but this depends on the level of interaction asymmetry. If inter- and intrapopulation interactions are symmetric, the sole presence of multiple populations promotes the evolution of cooperation. Asymmetry in the interactions can further promote cooperation at the expense of the coexistence of the competing strategies. An in-depth analysis of the spatiotemporal dynamics reveals loop-dominated structures and pattern formation that can explain the various evolutionary outcomes. Thus, complex evolutionary interactions in multiple populations reveal an intricate interplay between cooperation and coexistence, and they also open up the path toward further explorations of multipopulation games and biodiversity.
Ključne besede: social physics, evolutionary dynamics, coupled populations, phase transition
Objavljeno v DKUM: 17.06.2024; Ogledov: 129; Prenosov: 17
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9. Insight into tetramolecular DNA G-quadruplexes associated with ALS and FTLD : cation interactions and formation of higher-ordered structureMatja Zalar, Baifan Wang, Janez Plavec, Primož Šket, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Ključne besede: biokemija, tetramolekule, kationi, kvadrupleksi, DNK, amiotrofična lateralna skleroza, ALS, FTLD, DNA, c9orf7, NMR, quadruplex, cations
Objavljeno v DKUM: 06.05.2024; Ogledov: 180; Prenosov: 12
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10. Digitalisation and decarbonisation challenges of inland waterways freight logistics transport and their integration into regional supply chains : a case studyGbako Shekwoyemi, Dimitrios Paraskevadakis, Jun Ren, Jin Wang, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: An era of increased sustainable transport, the European inland navigation industry has received significant attention to attain sustainable transport. Tremendous opportunities to substantially move freight on waterways are present in the UK; however, several challenges have been appropriately addressed, including infrastructural gaps and various institutional support programs. The paper addresses the UK's current situation of inland navigation and the key challenges affecting the sectors as a viable alternative transport solution. The article explores and summarises the geographic opportunities, commercial feasibility, and the current condition of the UK'S inland navigation sector. From the practical scenario of the UK's experience, an attempt was made by the authors to find the critical challenges and issues faced by the industry. The emerging themes from the analysis of this paper indicated governance and leadership issues, cooperation, and coordination mechanism between establishments with various functions and responsibilities, merged with infrastructural investment, are strategic elements for expansion in the UK. Conclusively, the authors presented recommendations for improvement and sustainable development.
Ključne besede: inland waterway transport, decarbonisation, digitalisation, challenges, sustainable development, intermodal transport, modal shift, waterway infrastructure, investments
Objavljeno v DKUM: 06.03.2024; Ogledov: 361; Prenosov: 16
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