1. Modelling of dysregulated glucagon secretion in type 2 diabetes by considering mitochondrial alterations in pancreatic ▫$\alpha$▫-cellsVladimir Grubelnik, Rene Markovič, Saška Lipovšek Delakorda, Gerd Leitinger, Marko Gosak, Jurij Dolenšek, Ismael Valladolid-Acebes, Per-Olof Berggren, Andraž Stožer, Matjaž Perc, Marko Marhl, 2020, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been associated with insulin resistance and the failure of β-cells to produce and secrete enough insulin as the disease progresses. However, clinical treatments based solely on insulin secretion and action have had limited success. The focus is therefore shifting towards α-cells, in particular to the dysregulated secretion of glucagon. Our qualitative electron-microscopy-based observations gave an indication that mitochondria in α-cells are altered in Western-diet-induced T2DM. In particular, α-cells extracted from mouse pancreatic tissue showed a lower density of mitochondria, a less expressed matrix and a lower number of
cristae. These deformities in mitochondrial ultrastructure imply a decreased efficiency in mitochondrial ATP production, which prompted us to theoretically explore and clarify one of the most challenging problems associated with T2DM, namely the lack of glucagon secretion in hypoglycaemia and its oversecretion at high blood glucose concentrations. To this purpose, we constructed a novel computational model that links α-cell metabolism with their electrical activity and glucagon secretion. Our results show that defective mitochondrial metabolism in α-cells can
account for dysregulated glucagon secretion in T2DM, thus improving our understanding of T2DM pathophysiology and indicating possibilities for new clinical treatments.
Ključne besede: diabetes, pancreatic alpha cells, glucagon, mitochondrial dysfunction, free fatty acid
Objavljeno v DKUM: 03.09.2024; Ogledov: 43; Prenosov: 2
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2. SNAP-25b-deficiency increases insulin secretion and changes spatiotemporal profile of $Ca^{2+}$ oscillations in $\beta$ cell networksTeresa Daraio, Lidija Križančić Bombek, Marko Gosak, Ismael Valladolid-Acebes, Maša Skelin, Essam Refai, Per-Olof Berggren, Kerstin Brismar, Marjan Rupnik, Christina Bark, 2017, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: SNAP-25 is a protein of the core SNARE complex mediating stimulus-dependent release of insulin from pancreatic $\beta$ cells. The protein exists as two alternatively spliced isoforms, SNAP-25a and SNAP-25b, differing in 9 out of 206 amino acids, yet their specific roles in pancreatic $\beta$ cells remain unclear. We explored the effect of SNAP-25b-deficiency on glucose-stimulated insulin release in islets and found increased secretion both in vivo and in vitro. However, slow photo-release of caged $Ca^{2+}$ in $\beta$ cells within pancreatic slices showed no significant differences in $Ca^{2+}$-sensitivity, amplitude or rate of exocytosis between SNAP-25b-deficient and wild-type littermates. Therefore, we next investigated if $Ca^{2+}$ handling was affected in glucose-stimulated [beta] cells using intracellular $Ca^{2+}$-imaging and found premature activation and delayed termination of [$Ca^{2+}$] i elevations. These findings were accompanied by less synchronized $Ca^{2+}$-oscillations and hence more segregated functional $\beta$ cell networks in SNAP-25b-deficient mice. Islet gross morphology and architecture were maintained in mutant mice, although sex specific compensatory changes were observed. Thus, our study proposes that SNAP-25b in pancreatic [beta] cells, except for participating in the core SNARE complex, is necessary for accurate regulation of $Ca^{2+}$-dynamics.
Ključne besede: insulin secretion, pre-diabetes
Objavljeno v DKUM: 23.08.2017; Ogledov: 1503; Prenosov: 204
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