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Opis: Timber construction is gaining popularity worldwide due to its advantages over traditional masonry systems, including energy-efficiency, sustainability, and fast prefabrication. The technology of prefabricated timber buildings has evolved significantly, affecting the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of such buildings, which are generally perceived as offering high living comfort. While contemporary design practices aim to ensure high performance in new buildings, existing timber structures often fail to meet modern standards. In addition to common issues such as ageing, poor energy-efficiency, and functional inadequacies, problems like seismic vulnerability, fire risk, and the so-called “sick building syndrome” are increasingly relevant. As part of the project Indoor Environmental Quality in Prefabricated Timber Houses: A Historical and Contemporary Perspective, funded through the Public Call Problem-Based Learning for Students in a Work Environment 2024–2027, we investigated IEQ in two houses built by the Slovenian manufacturer Marles hiše Maribor d.o.o. The project was carried out in close collaboration with the company. Using long-term measurements, we assessed and compared thermal comfort and other parameters in an older and a newer prefabricated timber house. The findings offer guidance for both the renovation of existing buildings and the design of new ones, emphasising the importance of aligning energy performance with indoor comfort.
Ključne besede: prefabricated timber houses, Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ), thermal comfort, existing buildings, sick building syndrome
Objavljeno v DKUM: 27.11.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 7
Celotno besedilo (1,14 MB)
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Opis: Four biomass residues–rosemary pomace, rosemary cake, grape seed and apple pomace– were torrefied at 250, 350 and 450 ◦C, and the physical, chemical and structural changes were characterized. The mass and energy yield decreased with increasing torrefaction temperature; the lowest mass (~10.4%) and energy yield (~10.6%) were observed for rosemary cake torrefied at 450 ◦C. The HHV increased the most for all feedstocks at 350 ◦C, with rosemary cake reaching a peak value of 36.4 MJ/kg at 350 ◦C. Ash content increased with temperature due to organic mass loss, while volatiles decreased and fixed carbon increased in most samples. The FTIR spectra showed the progressive loss of hydroxyl, carbonyl and C–O functionalities and the appearance of aromatic C=C bonds, indicating the formation of the biochar. TGA and DTG analyses revealed that the torrefied samples exhibited higher initial and maximum temperatures for decomposition, confirming improved thermal stability. The TGA-FTIR analyses of gas emissions during pyrolysis and combustion showed that the emissions of CO2, CH4, NOx and SO2 decreased with increasing degree of torrefaction. Overall, 350 ◦C was optimal to maximize energy density. The results show that agro-industrial residues can be effectively converted into sustainable biofuels, which offer the dual benefit of reducing waste disposal problems and providing a renewable alternative. In practice, such residues could be used for decentralized power generation in rural areas, co-combustion in existing power plants, or as feedstock for advanced bioenergy systems.
Ključne besede: torrefication, fuel, thermogravimetric analysis, biowaste, mass yield, energy yield
Objavljeno v DKUM: 04.09.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 13
Celotno besedilo (3,34 MB)