1. The effect of biochar applied alone and in combination with mineral and organic fertilisers on the yield of white cabbage and soil propertiesManfred Jakop, Nataša Belšak Šel, Erik Rihter, Tjaša Cenčič, Dušan Klinar, Denis Stajnko, Silva Grobelnik Mlakar, 2023, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of biochar application on fertile soils in a temperate climate during the first year of application. The field trial was conducted on a nutrient-rich silt loam soil at two experimental sites in north-eastern Slovenia (Biš and Skorba). The effect of biochar applied alone or in combination with compost or mineral fertiliser on soil properties and yield of white cabbage was studied. In addition to the control (C), the soil received five treatments including biochar (B; 1.5 t/ha), compost (CO; 1.5 t/ha), biochar-mixed compost (BCO; 3.0 t/ha), standard mineral fertilisers (NPK; NPK 0.35 t/ha, potassium sulphate 0.25 t/ha and calcium ammonium nitrate 0.25 t/ha) and combined application of half the amount
of NPK and BCO (NPK+BCO). The results showed that the applied treatments had no significant influence on the measured soil chemical parameters, except for the amount of total organic carbon, electrical conductivity and pH in Biš and total carbon in Skorba. All investigated parameters (cabbage head weight, head circumference, total and market yield) were higher at the experimental site Skorba. Statistically significant differences were found only at the experimental site Biš, where the treatment influenced all parameters (p < 0.01), except for the head circumference of the cabbage. The NPK and NPK+BCO treatments produced significantly higher total yields (66.7 t/ha and 65.8 t/ha, respectively) and marketable yields (53.2 t/ha and 51.8 t/ha, respectively) compared to the other treatments (41.3-52.6 t/ha and 30.5-42.4 t/ha, respectively). Although the differences between the other treatments were insignificant, a trend of decreasing cabbage yields towards CO > BCO > B was observed. Similar results were also obtained when analysing the average data of the two experimental sites.
Ključne besede: biochar, soil amendments, fertilisers, soil chemical properties, cabbage yield
Objavljeno v DKUM: 23.04.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 0
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2. An autonomous field robot Farmbeast - the field robot event 2023 editionGregor Popič, Urban Naveršnik, Jaša Jernej Rakun Kokalj, Erik Rihter, Jurij Rakun, 2024, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: In contemporary agricultural automation, the demand for highly adaptive autonomous systems is rapidly increasing. Addressing this need, we introduce the latest iteration of FarmBeast, an advanced autonomous robot designed for precise navigation and operation within the complex terrain of cornfields. This paper details the technical specifications and functionalities of FarmBeast, developed by a Slovenian student team from the University of Maribor for the international Field Robot Event (FRE) 2023. The enhanced version features significant hardware and software upgrades, including a completely new robotic platform, a multichannel LIDAR system, an Xsens IMU, and advanced algorithms for efficient row navigation and weed removal. These integrated technologies aim to improve the efficiency and reliability of agricultural processes, reflecting the broader trend towards digitization and precision farming. Participation in international competitions like FRE provides a valuable platform for students to apply interdisciplinary knowledge, fostering the development of practical skills and understanding the interconnectedness of various scientific disciplines. As highlighted in the results section, FarmBeast performed notably compared to other 14 robots, securing top-five finishes in navigation, plant treatment, and obstacle detection tasks, demonstrating its capabilities in dynamic agricultural settings.
Ključne besede: precision agriculture, robotics, sensors, algorithms
Objavljeno v DKUM: 23.04.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 1
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3. Mehanska karakterizacija in metalografska analiza lotnih spojev za toplotne izmenjevalce : magistrsko deloErik Rihter, 2024, magistrsko delo Opis: V magistrskem delu smo ugotovili lastnosti toplotnih izmenjevalcev iz nerjavnega jekla in bakrene folije s pomočjo mehanskih preizkusov, metalografske in fraktografske analize ter meritvami mikrotrdote. Za rezultate dinamičnih testov smo izračunali koeficient in eksponent trdnosti pri utrujanju. Metalografsko analizo smo naredili na vzorcu osnovnega materiala, nepretrganega spoja in pretrganih preizkušancev mehanskih preizkusov. Na vzorcih dinamičnih preizkušancev smo izvedli tudi fraktografsko analizo. Meritve mikrotrdote HV0,1 smo opravili na nerjavnem jeklu, v okolici spoja in na utrujanih vzorcih. Z mikrostrukturnimi analizami in meritvami mikrotrdote smo ugotovili, da pride do utrjevanja materiala glede na amplitudo obremenjevanja.
Ključne besede: toplotni izmenjevalec, lotni spoj, eksperimentalne raziskave, metalografska analiza, fraktografska analiza, mikrotrdota
Objavljeno v DKUM: 11.02.2025; Ogledov: 0; Prenosov: 24
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4. Possibilities and concerns of implementing precision agriculture technologies on small farms in SloveniaJurij Rakun, Erik Rihter, Damijan Kelc, Denis Stajnko, Peter Vindiš, Peter Berk, Peter Polič, Miran Lakota, 2022, izvirni znanstveni članek Opis: Precision agriculture (PA) through the use and utilization of innovative technologies is a concept in agricultural management that enables long-term efficiency gains, control of unforeseen changes, and a reduction of negative impacts on the environment. However, there are even more reasons and benefits to using precision agriculture technologies (PATs) on farms, but the actual use on small farms is often questionable. The main objective of this research was to evaluate and analyze the current state of PA and its potential on a set of small farms. In addition, a comparison was made between small farms located in less favored areas (LFAs) and more favored areas (MFAs) to find if specific characteristics of the surrounding environment affect the (non-) implementation of these technologies by farm owners, with respect to the given regional possibilities. The result shows that 57.5% of respondents on these farms have never implemented PATs before and 20% are beginners in their respective fields. It was found that there were no statistically significant differences in the integration between fewer LFAs and MFAs technologies and their use in this study. The majority of respondents believe that the main changes need to occur on the level of politics. The results show that the level of cost or initial investment is the main reason and the main obstacle in the implementation of PATs on the surveyed farms.
Ključne besede: precision agriculture, small farm, technological innovations, implementation, situation overview, survey, ICT
Objavljeno v DKUM: 02.07.2024; Ogledov: 161; Prenosov: 22
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6. Pregled stanja in smernice razvoja preciznega kmetijstva v slovenijiErik Rihter, 2020, magistrsko delo Opis: Precizno kmetijstvo (PK) z uporabo inovativnih tehnologij predstavlja koncept upravljanja kmetijskih gospodarstev, s pomočjo katerega je mogoče dolgoročno povečevanje učinkovitosti, obvladovanje nenadzorovanih sprememb in zmanjševanje negativnih vplivov na okolje. Magistrsko delo obravnava analizo vplivnih dejavnikov in karakteristik slovenskega kmetijstva na (ne)implementacijo tehnologij preciznega kmetovanja (TPK) ter določa spremenljivke, pomembne pri določanju (ne)uveljavitev teh tehnologij. S pregledom strategij in ukrepov na ravni Evropske unije in Slovenije ter z anketno raziskavo je ocenjeno trenutno stanje PK za množičnejšo integracijo. S pomočjo strateškega orodja SWOT-analize so podane smernice za prihodnost. Rezultati ankete kažejo, da 57,5 % anketirancev še nikoli ni implementiralo TPK. Izkazalo se je, da višina stroškov začetne investicije pri anketirancih predstavlja glavni razlog in oviro pri implementiranju TPK. Večina anketirancev (80 %) meni, da bi se za množičnejšo implementacijo moralo največ spremeniti v političnih instrumentih. Za preverjanje povezanosti posameznih specifičnih značilnosti anketiranih (velikost kmetije, starost in izobrazba upraviteljev) je bil uporabljen Fisherjev natančni test neodvisnosti, kjer je bilo ugotovljeno, da slednje značilnosti ne vplivajo na vpeljevanje TPK. Skupna kmetijska politika z različnimi akcijskimi načrti, resolucijami in podpornimi shemami financiranja zadnja leta aktivno spodbuja razvoj PK v EU in Sloveniji, prav tako se obetajo pozitivne smernice za prihajajoče programsko obdobje, vendar pa pomembno oviro za množičnejšo širitev PK predstavlja široka raznolikost kmetijstva. Za uspešnejšo vzpostavitev PK so pomembni inovativni pristopi, ki temeljijo na medsebojnem sodelovanju, krepitvi znanja in sooblikovanju rešitev v prakso.
Ključne besede: precizno kmetijstvo (PK), tehnološke inovacije, implementacija, kmetijska politika, pregled stanja
Objavljeno v DKUM: 04.06.2020; Ogledov: 1684; Prenosov: 373
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7. Testiranje ekoloških škropilnih programov za zatiranje glogove bolšice (Cacopsylla melanoneura Förster)Erik Rihter, 2017, diplomsko delo/naloga Opis: V ekološkem nasadu jablan smo izvedli klasičen poljski poskus, kjer smo primerjali učinkovitosti petih različnih ekoloških škropilnih programov za zatiranje glogove bolšice Cacopsylla melanoneura Förster. Za analizo so bile uporabljene tri metode pri različnih razvojnih stadijih jablan in bolšic. Za opravljanje primerjave učinkovitosti smo podatke o velikosti populacije vnesli v Abbotovo in Henderson-Tilton formulo. Testirane so bile naslednje aktivne snovi: naravni piretrini z oljem (Raptol), azadirahtin (Neemazal T/S), parafinsko mineralno olje (Frutapon), kaolinitna glina (Cutisan), raztopina mineralov (Mineral Rdeči), eterična olja iz lupin agrumov (Oranol), pomešana eterična olja (Matrinal B) in kalijeve maščobne snovi (Aktiv). Ekološki pripravki so na splošno dosegli dokaj visoko stopnjo učinkovitosti, med njimi pa so obstajale statistično značilne razlike. Zatiranje nimf bolšic je lažje kot zatiranje odraslih vektorjev. Na učinkovitost vplivata zaporedje uporabe pripravkov in termin nanosa.
Ključne besede: jablana, glogova bolšica, metličavost jablan, škropilni programi, ekološki pripravki
Objavljeno v DKUM: 22.09.2017; Ogledov: 1263; Prenosov: 159
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